Ovqat haqida inglizcha gapirish uchun uch guruh so‘z kerak: mahsulot nomlari (beef, carrot, apricot), ta’m va pishirish usuli (spicy, fried, steamed) va buyurtma iboralari (Could I have…?). Quyida har bir guruh talaffuz va misol bilan berilgan, oxirida esa plov, somsa va lag‘monni xorijlik mehmonga qanday tushuntirish va javobli mashq bor.
Go‘sht, don va asosiy mahsulotlar
| Inglizcha | Talaffuz | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| beef | /biːf/ | mol go‘shti | This plov is made with beef. |
| lamb | /læm/, b o‘qilmaydi | qo‘y go‘shti | Shashlik is usually lamb or beef. |
| chicken | /ˈtʃɪkɪn/ | tovuq | Do you have anything with chicken? |
| minced meat (UK), ground meat (US) | /mɪnst miːt/ | qiyma | Somsa is filled with minced meat. |
| rice | /raɪs/ | guruch | Plov needs a lot of rice. |
| flour | /ˈflaʊə/, flower bilan bir xil | un | Buy a bag of flour, please. |
| bread | /bred/ | non | We always have bread on the table. |
| noodles | /ˈnuːdlz/ | ugra, lag‘mon xamiri | The noodles are made by hand. |
| egg | /eɡ/ | tuxum | I had two eggs for breakfast. |
| oil | /ɔɪl/ | yog‘ (o‘simlik yog‘i) | Plov is cooked in a lot of oil. |
Sabzavot va ko‘katlar
| Inglizcha | Talaffuz | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| onion | /ˈʌnjən/, “anyen” | piyoz | Cut the onions into rings. |
| carrot | /ˈkærət/ | sabzi | Yellow carrots are best for plov. |
| potato | /pəˈteɪtəʊ/ | kartoshka | Dimlama has potatoes and cabbage. |
| tomato | /təˈmɑːtəʊ/ (UK), /təˈmeɪtoʊ/ (US) | pomidor | These tomatoes are very sweet. |
| cucumber | /ˈkjuːkʌmbə/ | bodring | A tomato and cucumber salad, please. |
| cabbage | /ˈkæbɪdʒ/ | karam | Cabbage is cheap in autumn. |
| garlic | /ˈɡɑːlɪk/ | sarimsoq | There’s a whole head of garlic in the plov. |
| pumpkin | /ˈpʌmpkɪn/ | qovoq | Pumpkin somsa is my favourite. |
| aubergine (UK), eggplant (US) | /ˈəʊbəʒiːn/ | baqlajon | I don’t like fried aubergine. |
| pepper | /ˈpepə/ | qalampir, bulg‘or qalampiri | Stuffed peppers are popular in summer. |
| dill | /dɪl/ | shivit | Add some dill to the soup. |
| coriander (UK), cilantro (US) | /ˌkɒriˈændə/ | kashnich | There’s coriander on top. |
Vegetables so‘zi uch bo‘g‘in: /ˈvedʒtəblz/, “vej-te-blz”. To‘rtta bo‘g‘in bilan “ve-ge-tei-bls” deyish odatiy xato.
Mevalar, quruq meva va yong‘oqlar
| Inglizcha | Talaffuz | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| apple | /ˈæpl/ | olma | An apple a day keeps the doctor away. |
| grapes | /ɡreɪps/ | uzum | We have grapes in our garden. |
| melon | /ˈmelən/ | qovun | Uzbek melons are famous. |
| watermelon | /ˈwɔːtəmelən/ | tarvuz | Let’s buy a big watermelon. |
| apricot | /ˈeɪprɪkɒt/, “eyprikot” | o‘rik | Dried apricots are good for snacks. |
| peach | /piːtʃ/ | shaftoli | These peaches are really juicy. |
| pomegranate | /ˈpɒmɪɡrænɪt/ | anor | Pomegranate juice is a bit sour. |
| cherries | /ˈtʃeriz/ | gilos | Cherries are in season in May and June. |
| quince | /kwɪns/ | behi | My mum makes quince jam. |
| raisins | /ˈreɪznz/ | mayiz | There are raisins in this plov. |
| walnuts | /ˈwɔːlnʌts/ | yong‘oq | Walnuts are expensive this year. |
| almonds | /ˈɑːməndz/, l o‘qilmaydi | bodom | I’m allergic to almonds. |
Nordon “olcha” uchun sour cherries deysiz. Umumiy ma’noda fruit odatda sanalmaydi: I eat a lot of fruit (fruits emas).
Sut mahsulotlari va ichimliklar
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| milk | sut | Tea with milk, please. |
| yogurt, plain yogurt | qatiq | Plov is often served with yogurt and salad. |
| strained yogurt | suzma | Suzma is a thick strained yogurt. |
| sour cream | smetana | Manti with sour cream is delicious. |
| clotted cream | qaymoq | Qaymoq is like thick clotted cream. |
| cheese | pishloq | Can I have a cheese sandwich? |
| green tea, black tea | ko‘k choy, qora choy | A pot of green tea for the table, please. |
| compote | kompot | Compote is a sweet drink made from boiled fruit. |
| still / sparkling water | gazsiz / gazli suv | Still or sparkling? |
Ta’m va tuzilish
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| sweet | shirin | This melon is very sweet. |
| salty | sho‘r | The soup is a bit too salty. |
| sour | nordon | Green plums are sour. |
| spicy, hot | achchiq (qalampirli) | Is the lag‘mon spicy? |
| bitter | achchiq (taxir) | Strong black tea can taste bitter. |
| mild | achchiq emas, yumshoq | I’d like something mild. |
| greasy, oily | yog‘li | Plov can be quite oily. |
| fresh | yangi, yangi uzilgan | The bread is still fresh and warm. |
| stale | qotib qolgan (non) | This bread is stale. |
| crispy | qarsildoq | The somsa is crispy on the outside. |
| tender | yumshoq (go‘sht) | The lamb is very tender. |
| juicy | suvli, sershira | The meat is juicy. |
O‘zbekcha “achchiq” ikki ma’noga ega, ingliz tilida esa ular alohida: qalampir achchig‘i spicy yoki hot, dorining achchig‘i bitter. The soup is bitter desangiz, ofitsiant ovqat buzilgan deb o‘ylashi mumkin.
Pishirish usullari
- boil — qaynatish: boiled eggs
- fry — yog‘da qovurish: fried potatoes; ko‘p yog‘da — deep-fry
- bake — pechda yoki tandirda pishirish: baked somsa
- steam — bug‘da pishirish: steamed manti
- grill — cho‘g‘da, mangalda pishirish: grilled meat
- stew — dimlash, sekin qaynatish: a vegetable stew
O‘zbek taomlarini inglizcha tushuntirish
Xorijlik mehmonga taom nomini o‘zbekcha ayting, keyin bitta gap bilan tushuntiring. Menyularda plov ba’zan pilaf, somsa samsa, lag‘mon lagman deb yoziladi.
- Plov — Rice cooked with meat, carrots and onions in a big pot called a kazan.
- Somsa — A baked pastry filled with minced meat and onion. It’s cooked in a clay oven called a tandoor.
- Lag‘mon — Hand-pulled noodles with a meat and vegetable sauce.
- Manti — Large steamed dumplings filled with meat and onion.
- Chuchvara — Small boiled dumplings, usually served in soup or with yogurt.
- Shashlik — Pieces of meat grilled on skewers.
- Mastava — A thick rice soup with meat and vegetables.
- Dimlama — A slow-cooked stew of meat, potatoes, cabbage and other vegetables.
- Non — Round flatbread baked in a tandoor.
Ingliz tilida ovqatni “ichish” emas, “yeyish” kerak: sho‘rva ham eat soup yoki have soup. Drink soup faqat piyoladan ho‘plab ichiladigan suyuq sho‘rva uchun ishlatiladi.
Buyurtma iboralari
| Vaziyat | Ibora |
|---|---|
| Buyurtma berish | Could I have the lag‘mon, please? / I’ll have the plov. |
| Maslahat so‘rash | What do you recommend? |
| Tarkibni so‘rash | What’s in it? / Is it spicy? |
| Allergiya | Does it contain nuts? I’m allergic to nuts. |
| O‘zgartirish | Could I have it without onion? |
| Diniy yoki shaxsiy tanlov | I don’t eat pork. / Is this halal? |
| Hisob | Could we have the bill, please? (UK) / Could we get the check? (US) |
| To‘lov | Can I pay by card? |
| Olib ketish | Eat in or take away? (UK) / For here or to go? (US) |
I want plov grammatik jihatdan xato emas, lekin restoranda qo‘pol eshitiladi. Could I have…? yoki I’d like… xavfsizroq. Mehmonxona va xorijdagi restoran uchun to‘liq dialoglar restoran va mehmonxonada inglizcha sahifasida.
Namunaviy dialog: choyxonada xorijlik hamkasb bilan
Anna: Everything looks great, but I don’t know any of these dishes. What do you recommend?
Siz: If it’s your first time, you should try plov. It’s rice cooked with lamb, carrots and onions.
Anna: Is it spicy?
Siz: No, it’s not spicy at all, but it’s quite oily. We usually eat it with a tomato and cucumber salad.
Anna: Sounds good. And what are those little pastries?
Siz: That’s somsa. They’re baked in a tandoor and filled with minced meat. There’s a pumpkin one too, if you prefer vegetarian food.
Anna: I’ll try the pumpkin one. What do people drink with this?
Siz: Green tea, usually. It helps with the oil.
Waiter: Are you ready to order?
Siz: Yes. Could we have two plovs, one pumpkin somsa, a salad and a pot of green tea, please?
Waiter: Anything else?
Siz: No, that’s all for now, thanks.
Sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan so‘zlar
Rice, bread, meat, flour, oil, fruit, tea odatda sanalmaydi: ularga -s qo‘shilmaydi va a/an qo‘yilmaydi. Miqdor uchun o‘lchov so‘zi kerak:
- a kilo of rice, a loaf of bread, a piece of meat, a cup of tea, a bottle of oil
- How much rice? — sanalmaydigan; How many tomatoes? — sanaladigan
Non uchun: two loaves of bread yoki mahalliy nonni aniq aytish uchun two rounds of non. Restoranda two plovs deyish mumkin, chunki bu “ikki porsiya” ma’nosida. Artikllar mantig‘ini a, an, the qoidalari sahifasida ko‘ring.
O‘zbek o‘quvchilari ko‘p qiladigan xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|
| drink soup | eat / have soup |
| The lag‘mon is bitter (qalampir ma’nosida) | The lag‘mon is spicy / hot |
| two breads | two loaves of bread |
| Uzbek kitchen | Uzbek food / Uzbek cuisine |
| My mother is a good cooker. | a good cook (cooker — plita) |
| recipe “retsept” | /ˈresəpi/, “resepi” |
| desert (shirinlik ma’nosida) | dessert /dɪˈzɜːt/ |
| I eat many fruits. | I eat a lot of fruit. |
| Give me the bill. | Could we have the bill, please? |
Mashq
A. Ingliz tiliga tarjima qiling.
- qiyma
- baqlajon
- o‘rik
- anor
- kashnich
B. To‘g‘ri variantni tanlang.
- 6. Could I have a (bread / loaf of bread)?
- 7. This soup is too (bitter / spicy) for me, there’s a lot of chilli.
- 8. How (much / many) rice do we need?
- 9. My uncle is a great (cook / cooker).
C. Somsani inglizcha ikki gapda tushuntiring.
Javoblar: 1 — minced meat (US: ground meat); 2 — aubergine (US: eggplant); 3 — apricot; 4 — pomegranate; 5 — coriander (US: cilantro); 6 — loaf of bread; 7 — spicy; 8 — much; 9 — cook. C uchun namuna: Somsa is a baked pastry filled with minced meat and onion. It’s cooked in a tandoor, so it’s crispy on the outside.
IELTS Speaking Part 1’da ovqat mavzusidagi savollar tez-tez uchraydi. Yuqoridagi so‘zlarni javobda ishlatishni IELTS Speaking: food savollari sahifasidagi namunalar bilan mashq qiling.
BandMate bilan mashq
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan ovozli suhbatda restoranda buyurtma berish yoki xorijlik mehmonga o‘zbek taomlarini tushuntirishni mashq qilishingiz mumkin. Ilova vegetables, onion, recipe kabi so‘zlar talaffuzi bo‘yicha fikr beradi, darslarda esa ovqat mavzusidagi so‘zlar takrorlanadi. Bu choyxonadagi jonli suhbat o‘rnini bosmaydi, lekin kerakli so‘zni tez topishga yordam beradi.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
