O‘zbekcha “pishirmoq” ingliz tilida bitta so‘z emas: umumiy ma’noda cook, qaynatib — boil, yog‘da — fry, pechda yoki tandirda — bake, bug‘da — steam, sekin dimlab — stew. Tayyorlash fe’llari ham aniq: mayda to‘g‘rash — chop, yupqa kesish — slice, qirg‘ichdan o‘tkazish — grate. Retseptda bu fe’llar buyruq shaklida gap boshida turadi: Chop the onions. Fry the meat.
Birinchi mashq shu yerda: oshxonada nima qilayotganingizni bitta gap bilan ayting. Masalan: I’m chopping onions and boiling water for tea.
Tayyorlash: olovdan oldingi 19 fe’l
| № | Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wash | yuvmoq | Wash the rice in cold water three or four times. |
| 2 | rinse | chayqamoq | Rinse the herbs and shake them dry. |
| 3 | soak | ivitmoq | Soak the chickpeas overnight. |
| 4 | peel | po‘stini archmoq | Peel the potatoes and cut them in half. |
| 5 | chop | to‘g‘ramoq (mayda) | Chop the dill finely. |
| 6 | slice | yupqa kesmoq, tilimlamoq | Slice the tomatoes for the salad. |
| 7 | dice | kubik qilib to‘g‘ramoq | Dice the potatoes for mastava. |
| 8 | cut into strips | somoncha qilib to‘g‘ramoq | Cut the carrots into thin strips. |
| 9 | grate | qirg‘ichdan o‘tkazmoq | Grate the cheese on top. |
| 10 | mince | qiyma qilmoq | My dad minces the meat for manti. |
| 11 | crush | ezmoq | Crush two cloves of garlic. |
| 12 | weigh | tarozida tortmoq | Weigh a kilo of carrots. |
| 13 | measure | o‘lchamoq | Measure two cups of flour. |
| 14 | mix | aralashtirmoq | Mix the meat with the onions. |
| 15 | beat, whisk | ko‘pirtirmoq (tuxum) | Beat the eggs with a fork. |
| 16 | knead | xamir qormoq | Knead the dough for ten minutes. |
| 17 | roll out | yoymoq (xamirni) | Roll out the dough very thin for chuchvara. |
| 18 | marinate | marinadlamoq | Marinate the meat for three hours. |
| 19 | season | ziravor, tuz solmoq | Season the soup with salt and pepper. |
Talaffuz: knead /niːd/ — k o‘qilmaydi, need bilan bir xil. Dough /dəʊ/ — “dou”, gh jim. Whisk /wɪsk/ — “visk” emas, lablar yumaloq w bilan.
Olov ustida: 16 fe’l
| № | Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | heat | qizdirmoq | Heat the oil until it starts to smoke. |
| 21 | boil | qaynatmoq | Boil the potatoes for twenty minutes. |
| 22 | simmer | past olovda qaynatmoq | Let the soup simmer for an hour. |
| 23 | fry | yog‘da qovurmoq | Fry the onions until they’re golden. |
| 24 | deep-fry | ko‘p yog‘da qovurmoq | We deep-fry chak-chak dough in hot oil. |
| 25 | stir-fry | aralashtirib tez qovurmoq | Stir-fry the vegetables for two minutes. |
| 26 | brown | qizartirmoq | Brown the meat on all sides. |
| 27 | stew | dimlab pishirmoq | Stew the meat with potatoes for dimlama. |
| 28 | steam | bug‘da pishirmoq | Steam the manti for forty minutes. |
| 29 | bake | pechda, tandirda pishirmoq | My grandma bakes non on Fridays. |
| 30 | roast | duxovkada qovurmoq (go‘sht, sabzavot) | Roast the chicken at 200 degrees. |
| 31 | grill | cho‘g‘da, panjarada pishirmoq | Grill the kebabs over hot coals. |
| 32 | stir | kavlamoq | Stir the sauce so it doesn’t stick. |
| 33 | cover | qopqog‘ini yopmoq | Cover the pot and turn down the heat. |
| 34 | burn | kuydirmoq | I burnt the onions again. |
| 35 | turn down / turn off the heat | olovni pasaytirmoq / o‘chirmoq | Turn off the heat after five minutes. |
Yakuniy bosqich: 5 fe’l
| № | Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| 36 | drain | suvini to‘kmoq | Drain the rice before you add it. |
| 37 | taste | tatib ko‘rmoq | Taste it and add more salt if you need to. |
| 38 | sprinkle | sepmoq | Sprinkle some coriander on top. |
| 39 | pour | quymoq | Pour the broth into bowls. |
| 40 | serve | dasturxonga tortmoq | Serve the plov on a large dish. |
Pishirmoq, dimlamoq, damlamoq: qaysi fe’l?
- cook — umumiy “ovqat qilmoq”: My brother cooks on Sundays. Aniq usul muhim bo‘lmasa shu yetadi.
- make — tayyorlamoq, ko‘pincha olovsiz narsalar va ichimliklar uchun: make a salad, make tea, make sandwiches. Choy cook qilinmaydi.
- brew — choy yoki qahva damlamoq: Let the tea brew for five minutes.
- stew va steam — ikkalasi ham “dimlamoq”ga yaqin. Dimlama kabi sekin qaynaydigan taom — stew. Oshni oxirida qopqoq ostida bug‘lash — steam: Cover the kazan and let the rice steam.
- fry va roast — “qovurmoq”. Tovada yoki qozonda yog‘ bilan — fry. Duxovkada — roast.
Yana bir chalkashlik: cook ot sifatida — oshpaz (My mum is a great cook), cooker esa plita (a gas cooker). My mum is a good cooker desangiz, onangizni gaz plitaga o‘xshatib qo‘yasiz. Qozon, kapgir, cho‘mich kabi idishlar nomi oshxona buyumlari inglizcha sahifasida.
Osh retsepti inglizcha: buyruq gaplar bilan
Retsept to‘liq buyruq gaplardan iborat: fe’lning oddiy shakli, oldida you yo‘q. Ketma-ketlikni first, then, after that, when…, finally so‘zlari bildiradi. Buyruq gap qoidasi ingliz tilida buyruq gaplar sahifasida batafsil. Ziravorlar nomlari esa ziravorlar inglizcha maqolasida.
Ingredients (6–8 people): 1 kg rice, 1 kg lamb or beef, 1 kg yellow carrots, 3 onions, 250 ml oil, 1 head of garlic, 1 tablespoon cumin, a handful of barberries, salt.
- 1. First, wash the rice several times and soak it in warm salted water for an hour.
- 2. Cut the meat into large pieces and slice the onions into half-rings. Cut the carrots into long thin strips.
- 3. Heat the oil in the kazan until it’s very hot.
- 4. Fry the onions for about five minutes, until they turn golden. Don’t let them burn.
- 5. Add the meat and brown it on all sides for ten minutes.
- 6. Put the carrots on top. Leave them for three minutes, then stir gently.
- 7. After ten minutes, season with salt, add the cumin and barberries and pour in enough hot water to cover everything.
- 8. Turn down the heat and let this base (the zirvak) simmer for 30–40 minutes.
- 9. Drain the rice and spread it evenly over the zirvak. Do not stir.
- 10. Pour in hot water so it covers the rice by about two centimetres. Turn up the heat.
- 11. When the water has almost gone, make a few holes in the rice with a wooden spoon handle and push the garlic into the middle.
- 12. Cover the kazan, turn the heat down low and let the rice steam for 20–25 minutes.
- 13. Finally, mix everything carefully and serve it on a large dish with the meat on top.
Mashq uchun yozilgan retsept: miqdor va vaqt har bir oilada boshqacha. Ingliz tilida zirvak degan so‘z yo‘q, shuning uchun uni bir marta tushuntirib, keyin o‘z nomi bilan ishlatish mumkin: the base (zirvak).
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| I cooked tea. | I made tea. | Choy uchun make yoki brew. |
| My mum is a good cooker. | My mum is a good cook. | Cooker — plita. |
| Fry onion until gold. | Fry the onions until golden. | Artikl, ko‘plik, golden. |
| Cut the carrot like straw. | Cut the carrots into thin strips. | “Somoncha” — strips. |
| Put on fire. | Put it on the heat. / Heat it. | Fire — yong‘in yoki gulxan. |
| Close the lid. | Cover the pot. / Put the lid on. | Qopqoq uchun put on / take off. |
O‘zbekcha retseptlar ko‘pincha majhul nisbatda yoziladi: “piyoz to‘g‘raladi, go‘sht qo‘shiladi”. Uni The onion is chopped deb so‘zma-so‘z o‘girmang; ingliz retseptida buyruq tabiiy eshitiladi: Chop the onion.
Mashq
A. Mos fe’lni tanlang.
- 1. (Boil / Bake) the water before you make the tea.
- 2. (Grate / Soak) the rice for an hour.
- 3. (Knead / Stir) the dough until it’s soft.
- 4. (Steam / Fry) the manti for forty minutes.
- 5. (Drain / Sprinkle) the pasta and add the sauce.
B. Gapni to‘g‘rilang.
- 6. My sister is a very good cooker.
- 7. Yesterday I cooked green tea for my guests.
C. Tarjima qiling (buyruq gap bilan).
- 8. Piyozni mayda to‘g‘rang.
- 9. Go‘shtni har tomondan qizartiring.
- 10. Qozonni yoping va olovni pasaytiring.
Javoblar
1 — Boil; 2 — Soak; 3 — Knead; 4 — Steam; 5 — Drain; 6 — My sister is a very good cook; 7 — Yesterday I made green tea for my guests; 8 — Chop the onions finely; 9 — Brown the meat on all sides; 10 — Cover the kazan (the pot) and turn down the heat.
Ovqat tayyorlash IELTS Speaking’ning birinchi qismida ham so‘ralishi mumkin. Savollar va namunaviy javoblar IELTS Speaking: cooking sahifasida.
BandMate bilan mashq
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan suhbatda o‘zingiz yaxshi pishiradigan taom retseptini bosqichma-bosqich aytib bering. Bandi How long do you fry the onions? kabi savollar beradi va knead, dough, whisk kabi so‘zlarning talaffuzi bo‘yicha izoh qoldiradi. Osh retseptini avval shu sahifadan o‘qing, keyin qog‘ozga qaramasdan gapirib ko‘ring.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
