Oshxonadagi narsalar ingliz tilida uch guruhga bo‘linadi: pishirish idishlari (pot, frying pan, kettle), oshxona asboblari (knife, ladle, grater) va dasturxon idishlari (plate, bowl, cup). Qozonning aniq inglizcha nomi yo‘q: a qozon, a large cast-iron pot deysiz; kitoblardagi cauldron so‘zi ko‘proq ertakdagi sehrgar qozonini eslatadi. Quyida 40 ta so‘z misol bilan, keyin ularni retseptda qanday ishlatish ko‘rsatilgan.
Pishirish idishlari va texnika
| № | Inglizcha | Talaffuz | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pot | /pɒt/ | qozon, kastryul | Plov for twenty people needs a big pot. |
| 2 | saucepan | /ˈsɔːspən/ | dastali kastryul | Warm the milk in a small saucepan. |
| 3 | frying pan | tova | Fry the eggs in a frying pan. | |
| 4 | lid | /lɪd/ | qopqoq | Put the lid on and leave it for twenty minutes. |
| 5 | kettle | /ˈketl/ | elektr choynak, suv qaynatgich | Can you switch the kettle on? |
| 6 | teapot | /ˈtiːpɒt/ | choynak (choy damlanadigan) | Pour the boiling water into the teapot. |
| 7 | cooker / stove | /ˈkʊkə/ | gaz plita | Our cooker has an oven underneath. |
| 8 | hob | /hɒb/ | plitaning usti, konforka | Turn the hob down to low heat. |
| 9 | oven | /ˈʌvn/, “avn” | duxovka | Bake the somsa in a hot oven. |
| 10 | microwave | /ˈmaɪkrəweɪv/ | mikroto‘lqinli pech | Heat the soup in the microwave. |
| 11 | fridge | /frɪdʒ/ | muzlatgich | Keep the meat in the fridge. |
| 12 | freezer | /ˈfriːzə/ | muzxona (morozilnik) | We keep dumplings in the freezer. |
| 13 | dishwasher | idish yuvish mashinasi | Put the plates in the dishwasher. |
Choynak tuzog‘i: o‘zbekcha “choynak” ikki narsani bildiradi. Suv qaynatadigan elektr asbob kettle, choy damlanadigan chinni idish teapot. Put the kettle on — “suv qo‘yib yubor” degani, bu Britaniyada eng ko‘p eshitiladigan iboralardan biri.
Oshxona asboblari
| № | Inglizcha | Talaffuz | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14 | knife (ko‘pligi: knives) | /naɪf/, k o‘qilmaydi | pichoq | This knife isn’t sharp enough for meat. |
| 15 | chopping board | taxtakach | Cut the onions on a chopping board. | |
| 16 | ladle | /ˈleɪdl/ | cho‘mich | Serve the shurpa with a ladle. |
| 17 | skimmer | /ˈskɪmə/ | kapgir | Stir the rice gently with a skimmer. |
| 18 | wooden spoon | /ˈwʊdn/ | yog‘och qoshiq | Mix the dough with a wooden spoon. |
| 19 | spatula | /ˈspætʃələ/ | kurakcha | Turn the pancakes with a spatula. |
| 20 | grater | /ˈɡreɪtə/ | qirg‘ich | Grate the carrots on a grater. |
| 21 | peeler | /ˈpiːlə/ | tozalagich | A peeler is faster than a knife for potatoes. |
| 22 | rolling pin | o‘qlov | Roll the dough thin with a rolling pin. | |
| 23 | sieve | /sɪv/ | elak | Pass the flour through a sieve. |
| 24 | colander | /ˈkʌləndə/ | suzg‘ich, dushlag | Drain the noodles in a colander. |
| 25 | whisk | /wɪsk/ | ko‘pirtirgich | Beat the eggs with a whisk. |
| 26 | bowl | /bəʊl/ | kosa, tog‘ora | Mix everything in a large bowl. |
| 27 | apron | /ˈeɪprən/ | fartuk | My mum never cooks without an apron. |
Kapgir uchun ingliz oshxonasida slotted spoon yoki skimmer ishlatiladi; ikkalasini aytsangiz ham tushunishadi. Bowl so‘zini “baul” deb o‘qimang: bowl /bəʊl/ “boul”ga, ball /bɔːl/ esa “bol”ga yaqin.
Dasturxon idishlari
| № | Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28 | plate | tarelka, likopcha | Can I have a clean plate, please? |
| 29 | serving dish / platter | lagan | The plov is served on a big platter. |
| 30 | tea bowl | piyola | Tea is poured into small tea bowls. |
| 31 | cup | chashka | Would you like a cup of coffee? |
| 32 | mug | katta krujka | I drink tea from a big mug at work. |
| 33 | glass | stakan | A glass of water, please. |
| 34 | jug | ko‘za, grafin | Put a jug of ayran on the table. |
| 35 | spoon | qoshiq | You eat mastava with a spoon. |
| 36 | teaspoon | choy qoshiq | Add a teaspoon of salt. |
| 37 | fork | sanchqi, vilka | Eat the salad with a fork. |
| 38 | tray | patnis | She brought the tea on a tray. |
| 39 | napkin | salfetka | There are napkins on the table. |
| 40 | tablecloth | dasturxon, stol yopqichi | We spread a new tablecloth for the guests. |
Piyola haqida xorijlikka shunday deysiz: A piyola is a small handleless bowl for tea. Dasturxon esa faqat mato emas, butun ziyofat ma’nosida ham keladi: In Uzbekistan, the dastarkhan means the tablecloth and everything on it.
Fe’llar: retseptda kerak bo‘ladigan harakatlar
Retsept ingliz tilida buyruq shaklida yoziladi: fe’l gap boshida, you yo‘q. Cut the onions. Heat the oil. Add the carrots. O‘zbekchadagi “to‘g‘raladi, qo‘shiladi” kabi majhul shaklni tarjima qilib The onions are cut deyish shart emas. Buyruq gaplar haqida batafsil ingliz tilida buyruq gaplar sahifasida.
Plov retsepti: idishlar bilan
Quyidagi qisqa retseptda qalin yozilgan so‘zlar yuqoridagi ro‘yxatdan. Ovoz chiqarib o‘qing.
- 1. Wash the rice in a bowl of cold water and leave it to soak.
- 2. Cut the onions and carrots on a chopping board with a sharp knife.
- 3. Heat the oil in a qozon (a heavy cast-iron pot) until it’s very hot.
- 4. Fry the meat, then add the onions and stir with a skimmer.
- 5. Add the carrots, cumin and salt. Pour in hot water from the kettle and let it simmer for about forty minutes.
- 6. Drain the rice in a colander and spread it on top. Don’t stir.
- 7. When the water has gone, make a few holes with the handle of the skimmer, put the lid on and turn the heat down.
- 8. After twenty minutes, mix gently and serve on a large platter.
Masalliqlar nomlari (cumin, lamb, yellow carrots) va ta’mni tasvirlash ovqat nomlari inglizcha sahifasida.
Dialog: yotoqxonada qo‘shnidan narsa so‘rash
Chet elda o‘qiyotgan talaba umumiy oshxonada:
Jasur: Hi, sorry to bother you. Can I borrow your frying pan for ten minutes?
Emma: Sure, it’s in the cupboard above the sink. What are you making?
Jasur: Just eggs and tomatoes. I don’t have a proper pan yet, only a small saucepan.
Emma: No problem. There’s a spatula in the top drawer too.
Jasur: Thanks. I’ll wash it and put it back.
Emma: By the way, whose is that huge pot on the shelf?
Jasur: That’s mine! It’s a qozon. My mum sent it from Tashkent. On Saturday I’m making plov for everyone.
Emma: Seriously? Then I’ll bring the plates and glasses.
O‘zbek o‘quvchilari ko‘p qiladigan xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| Boil the tea in the teapot. | Boil the water in the kettle. | Choy damlanadi, suv qaynatiladi. |
| My mum is a good cooker. | My mum is a good cook. | Cooker — plita. |
| a glass of tea (stakanda) | a cup of tea / a tea bowl | Inglizlar choyni stakanda ichmaydi, lekin shunday desangiz ham tushunishadi. |
| knife “knayf” | /naɪf/, “nayf” | K o‘qilmaydi. |
| two knifes | two knives | -f → -ves. |
| Give me a plate for soup. | Can I have a (soup) bowl? | Suyuq ovqat kosada beriladi. |
| oven “oven” | /ˈʌvn/, “avn” | Birinchi tovush aga yaqin. |
| Put the pan on fire. | Put the pan on the hob / on the heat. | Fire — gulxan yoki yong‘in. |
Mashq
A. Mos so‘zni tanlang.
- 1. I need a (kettle / teapot) to boil some water.
- 2. Can you pass me the (ladle / whisk)? I want to serve the soup.
- 3. Drain the pasta in a (colander / tray).
- 4. Put the (lid / apron) on the pot.
- 5. Grate the cheese on a (grater / rolling pin).
- 6. We drink tea from (piyolas / plates) at home.
B. Ingliz tiliga tarjima qiling.
- 7. kapgir
- 8. o‘qlov
- 9. lagan
- 10. qirg‘ich
C. Retsept gapini buyruq shakliga keltiring: Piyoz halqa qilib to‘g‘raladi va yog‘da qovuriladi.
Javoblar
1 — kettle; 2 — ladle; 3 — colander; 4 — lid; 5 — grater; 6 — piyolas; 7 — skimmer / slotted spoon; 8 — rolling pin; 9 — serving dish / platter; 10 — grater; C — Cut the onions into rings and fry them in oil.
Uyning boshqa xonalari va mebel nomlari uy jihozlari inglizcha sahifasida jamlangan.
BandMate bilan mashq
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan suhbatda sevimli taomingiz retseptini inglizcha aytib bering: qaysi idish kerak, nima qachon qo‘shiladi. Bandi aniqlashtiruvchi savol beradi va knife, oven, bowl kabi talaffuzi qiyin so‘zlar bo‘yicha izoh qoldiradi. Retseptni bir marta yozib, keyin qog‘ozga qaramasdan gapirib ko‘ring.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
