Ziravorlar ingliz tilida spices, ko‘katlar (shivit, kashnich, rayhon) esa herbs deyiladi. Oshning uchta asosiy ziravori: zira — cumin, qora murch — black pepper, zirk — dried barberries. Nonga sepiladigan kunjut — sesame seeds. Ular deyarli hammasi sanalmaydigan ot, shuning uchun o‘lchov bilan aytiladi: a teaspoon of cumin, a pinch of salt.
Hozir bitta gapni ovoz chiqarib ayting: Plov needs cumin, black pepper and a handful of barberries. Oshni xorijlik mehmonga tushuntirishning yarmi shu gapda.
Oshxonamizdagi asosiy ziravorlar
| Inglizcha | Talaffuz | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| cumin | /ˈkjuːmɪn/ yoki /ˈkʌmɪn/ | zira | Rub the cumin between your palms before you add it. |
| black pepper | /ˌblæk ˈpepə/ | qora murch | Add some freshly ground black pepper. |
| dried barberries | /ˈbɑːbəriz/ | zirk | My mum always puts dried barberries in plov. |
| red pepper flakes, chilli flakes | /ˈtʃɪli fleɪks/ | maydalangan qizil qalampir | Lag‘mon tastes better with chilli flakes. |
| paprika | /ˈpæprɪkə/ | qizil qalampir kukuni (achchiq emas) | Paprika gives the sauce a nice red colour. |
| coriander seeds | /ˌkɒriˈændə siːdz/ | kashnich urug‘i | Crush the coriander seeds in a mortar. |
| sesame seeds | /ˈsesəmi siːdz/ | kunjut | The baker sprinkles sesame seeds on the bread. |
| nigella seeds, black seeds | /naɪˈdʒelə/ | sedana | There are black seeds on top of this non. |
| turmeric | /ˈtɜːmərɪk/ | zarchava | Turmeric turns the rice yellow. |
| saffron | /ˈsæfrən/ | za’faron | Saffron is the most expensive spice in the shop. |
| cinnamon | /ˈsɪnəmən/ | dolchin | I add a little cinnamon to my tea. |
| cloves | /kləʊvz/ | qalampirmunchoq | Cloves have a very strong smell. |
| cardamom | /ˈkɑːdəməm/ | hel | Cardamom tea is popular in winter. |
| bay leaf, bay leaves | /ˈbeɪ liːf/ | dafna yaprog‘i | Put two bay leaves in the soup. |
| ginger | /ˈdʒɪndʒə/ | zanjabil | Ginger tea helps me warm up. |
| garlic | /ˈɡɑːlɪk/ | sarimsoq | Push a whole head of garlic into the rice. |
| salt | /sɔːlt/ | tuz | Don’t forget the salt. |
| vinegar | /ˈvɪnɪɡə/ | sirka | Soak the onion rings in vinegar. |
Zira haqida muhim izoh. Oshga solinadigan zira ko‘pincha qora zira bo‘ladi. Ingliz tilida uni ham cumin deyishadi, ba’zan black cumin ham deyiladi. Lekin black cumin so‘zi ba’zi do‘konlarda sedanani (nigella) ham anglatadi. Chalkashmaslik uchun tushuntirib yuboring: the dark, thin cumin we use in plov.
Pepper ikki ma’noli. Black pepper — murch, red pepper yoki bell pepper — bulg‘or qalampiri (sabzavot), chilli — achchiq qalampir. Faqat pepper deb qo‘ysangiz, suhbatdosh odatda murchni tushunadi.
Ko‘katlar: herbs
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| dill | shivit | Chop some dill for the salad. |
| coriander (UK), cilantro (US) | ko‘k kashnich | Sprinkle fresh coriander on the soup. |
| parsley | petrushka | Parsley is cheap at the bazaar in spring. |
| basil | rayhon | We grow basil in the yard. |
| mint | yalpiz | Mint is lovely with yogurt. |
| thyme | jambil (tog‘ jambili) | My grandma dries thyme for tea. |
| spring onions (UK), green onions (US) | ko‘k piyoz | Cut the spring onions finely. |
Herbs Britaniyada /hɜːbz/, Amerikada /ɜːrbz/ — h o‘qilmaydi. Thyme so‘zida esa th /t/ bo‘lib o‘qiladi: “taym”, time bilan bir xil.
Retseptda qanday aytiladi: o‘lchov so‘zlari
Ziravor sanalmaydi: two cumins yoki a salt demaysiz. Miqdorni o‘lchov so‘zi bilan berasiz. Bu qoida haqida kengroq sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar sahifasida yozilgan.
- a pinch of salt — bir chimdim tuz
- a teaspoon / tablespoon of cumin — bir choy / osh qoshiq zira
- a handful of barberries — bir hovuch zirk
- a clove of garlic — bir tishcha sarimsoq; a head of garlic — bir bosh sarimsoq
- a sprig of dill — bir shingil shivit; a bunch of coriander — bir bog‘ kashnich
- to taste — ta’bga qarab: Add salt and pepper to taste.
Retseptda eng ko‘p uchraydigan fe’llar: season (ziravor solmoq), sprinkle (sepmoq), crush (ezmoq, yanchmoq), grind (tuymoq, maydalamoq), rub (ishqalamoq). Ular to‘liq ro‘yxati bilan ovqat pishirish fe’llari sahifasida.
Ikki qisqa retsept
Quyidagi retseptlar mashq uchun yozilgan. Ziravor nomlarini qalin harf bilan ajratdik.
Achchiq-chuchuk salad
- 1. Slice four tomatoes and one onion very thinly.
- 2. Put the onion in cold water for five minutes, then drain it.
- 3. Mix the tomatoes and onion in a bowl.
- 4. Season with salt and black pepper to taste.
- 5. Add a few leaves of basil or some chopped dill and serve it with plov.
Uy shashligi uchun marinad
- 1. Cut the meat into medium pieces.
- 2. Grate two onions and add them to the meat.
- 3. Add one teaspoon of cumin, half a teaspoon of black pepper, a pinch of chilli flakes and some salt.
- 4. Crush the coriander seeds and sprinkle them over the meat.
- 5. Cover the bowl and leave it in the fridge for at least three hours.
Ingliz tilida retsept buyruq gap bilan yoziladi: fe’l birinchi keladi, you aytilmaydi. Salt is added emas, Add salt.
Dialog: Chorsu bozorida ziravor rastasida
Italiyalik sayyoh Marco ziravor sotuvchidan so‘rayapti. Sotuvchi yaxshi inglizcha gapiradigan talaba Dilnoza.
Marco: Excuse me, what’s this dark spice here?
Dilnoza: That’s cumin, the kind we use in plov. Smell it.
Marco: Oh, it’s much stronger than the cumin at home.
Dilnoza: Yes, it grows in the mountains. You only need a teaspoon for a big pot.
Marco: And these little red things? Are they dried cranberries?
Dilnoza: No, they’re barberries. They’re a bit sour. We add them to plov at the end.
Marco: Interesting. Is this red powder hot?
Dilnoza: That one’s paprika, it’s mild. This one next to it is chilli. It’s very hot, so be careful.
Marco: I’ll take a hundred grams of cumin and a bag of barberries, please.
Dilnoza: Sure. Do you want some sesame seeds too? They’re fresh.
Marco: Why not. How much is all that?
Narxni kelishish, chegirma so‘rash iboralari bozorda savdolashish sahifasida.
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| Add two salts. | Add two pinches of salt. | Tuz sanalmaydi. |
| This soup is very sharp. | This soup is very spicy / hot. | Ruscha “острый” ta’sirida sharp aytiladi. |
| I put spices in the plov. (hammasi) | I season the plov with cumin and pepper. | Aniq ziravor nomini ayting. |
| zira | cumin | Mahalliy so‘zni tushuntirmasdan ishlatmang. |
| The salad has no taste. | The salad is a bit bland. It needs more salt. | Bland — ta’msiz. |
| /ˈθaɪm/ | /taɪm/ | Thyme so‘zida th = t. |
O‘zbek taomlarini to‘liq tushuntirish uchun ta’m so‘zlari (sweet, sour, bitter) va mahsulot nomlari kerak bo‘ladi. Ular ovqat nomlari inglizcha maqolasida jamlangan.
Mashq
A. Tarjima qiling.
- 1. zirk
- 2. kunjut
- 3. sedana
- 4. dolchin
- 5. rayhon
B. Bo‘sh joyga o‘lchov so‘zini qo‘ying: pinch, clove, handful, bunch, teaspoon.
- 6. Add a ______ of salt.
- 7. Crush one ______ of garlic.
- 8. Throw in a ______ of barberries.
- 9. Buy a ______ of coriander at the bazaar.
- 10. Use one ______ of cumin for a kilo of rice.
C. Xatoni tuzating.
- 11. This lag‘mon is too sharp for me.
- 12. Put three salts in the water.
Javoblar
1 — dried barberries; 2 — sesame seeds; 3 — nigella seeds / black seeds; 4 — cinnamon; 5 — basil; 6 — pinch; 7 — clove; 8 — handful; 9 — bunch; 10 — teaspoon; 11 — This lag‘mon is too spicy (yoki too hot) for me; 12 — Put three pinches of salt in the water (yoki Put some salt in the water).
BandMate bilan mashq
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan suhbatda sevimli taomingizni tasvirlab ko‘ring: qaysi ziravor solinadi, nechta qoshiq, qachon. Bandi What does cumin taste like? kabi savollar beradi, cumin, turmeric, thyme kabi so‘zlarning talaffuzi bo‘yicha izoh qoldiradi. Yuqoridagi dialogni bir marta sotuvchi, bir marta xaridor bo‘lib o‘qing.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
