A, an, the qoidalari: o‘zbeklar uchun misollar va 10 xato

A / an tinglovchi hali bilmaydigan, bitta, sanaladigan narsani bildiradi: I bought a phone. The esa ikkalangiz ham qaysi narsa haqida gap ketayotganini bilganingizda ishlatiladi: The phone was expensive. Umumiy ma’nodagi ko‘plik va sanalmaydigan otlar artiklsiz keladi: Phones are expensive. I like music.

O‘zbek va rus tillarida artikl yo‘q, shuning uchun bu mavzu bizga qiyin tuyuladi. Qoidalarni yodlashdan ko‘ra, har bir ot oldida bir necha oddiy savol berishni odat qiling. Quyida o‘sha savollar, qarama-qarshi misollar, o‘zbek o‘quvchilarining eng ko‘p 10 xatosi va javobli mashq bor.

O‘zbek tilida artikl o‘rnini nima bosadi

Artikl yo‘q, lekin ma’no bor. O‘zbekchada biz buni boshqa vositalar bilan ifodalaymiz:

• “bir” — a / an ga yaqin: Bir do‘st qo‘ng‘iroq qildi → A friend called.
• “o‘sha”, “haligi”, tushum kelishigi “-ni” — ko‘pincha the ga yaqin: Kitobni o‘qidim (ma’lum kitob) → I read the book. Kitob o‘qidim (qandaydir kitob) → I read a book.

Bu o‘xshashlik to‘liq emas, lekin tushunishni boshlash uchun foydali: agar o‘zbekchada “-ni” yoki “o‘sha” qo‘yish tabiiy bo‘lsa, inglizchada ko‘pincha the kerak.

Har ot oldida uch savol

1. Ot sanaladimi va birlikdami? Ha bo‘lsa, u yolg‘iz turmaydi. Oldiga a / an, the yoki my, this, your kabi so‘z kerak. I have car — xato; I have a car — to‘g‘ri.
2. Tinglovchi aynan qaysi biri ekanini biladimi? Oldin aytilgan, yagona yoki vaziyatdan ma’lum bo‘lsa — the. Bilmasa — birlikda a / an, ko‘plikda yoki sanalmaydigan otda artiklsiz yoki some.
3. Umuman olganda gapiryapsizmi? Barcha itlar, suv umuman, hayot umuman — ko‘plik yoki sanalmaydigan ot artiklsiz: Dogs are loyal. Water is important.

A yoki an: harfga emas, tovushga qarang

An unli tovush oldidan, a undosh tovush oldidan keladi. Yozuvdagi harf emas, talaffuz hal qiladi.

The qachon ishlatiladi

• Oldin aytilgan: I saw a cat. The cat was black.
• Yagona narsa: the sun, the internet, the President of Uzbekistan.
• Vaziyatdan ma’lum: Close the door, please. (xonada bitta eshik bor)
• Eng yuqori daraja va tartib son: the best teacher, the first day.
• Aniqlovchi qism bilan: the history of Samarkand, the man in the blue shirt.
• Musiqa asboblari: She plays the dutar.
• Ba’zi geografik nomlar: the UK, the USA, the Amu Darya, the Caspian Sea. Lekin Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Lake Baikal — artiklsiz.

Artikl kerak bo‘lmagan joylar

• Umumiy ko‘plik va sanalmaydigan otlar: I like books. Coffee is expensive here.
• Ovqatlar: have breakfast, after lunch.
• Transport by bilan: by bus, by metro, by taxi.
• Joy asosiy vazifasida: go to school / work / university / bed. Lekin binoning o‘zi haqida: I went to the school to meet his teacher.
• Tillar, shahar va ko‘p davlat nomlari, kunlar va oylar: in English, in Tashkent, on Monday, in May.

Kontrast juftliklar

O‘zbek o‘quvchilarining 10 ta ko‘p xatosi

Birinchi ikki xato eng ko‘p uchraydi, chunki o‘zbekcha “Men talabaman”, “Mashinam bor” gaplarida hech qanday qo‘shimcha so‘z yo‘q. Gapirishda shoshilsangiz, hech bo‘lmasa kasb va “I have…” gaplarida a qo‘yishni odat qiling.

Hikoyada ko‘rish

Artikllar hikoyada qanday almashishini kuzating:

Yesterday I went to a café near Amir Temur Square. A waiter brought me a menu. The waiter was very friendly, but the menu was only in English. I ordered a cup of green tea and a samsa. The tea was great, but the samsa was cold. I asked for the bill and paid by card.

Birinchi marta tilga olinganda a, keyin the. The bill — kafeda hisob bitta va vaziyatdan ma’lum. By card — artiklsiz.

Mashq: a, an, the yoki –

Bo‘sh joyga a, an, the qo‘ying yoki artikl kerak bo‘lmasa “–” qo‘ying.

1. My father is ______ engineer.
2. Could you pass me ______ salt, please?
3. I usually go to ______ work by ______ metro.
4. We stayed at ______ hotel in Bukhara. ______ hotel was very old.
5. ______ water boils at 100 degrees.
6. She is ______ best student in our group.
7. I waited for ______ hour.
8. My sister lives in ______ USA.
9. I bought ______ new laptop last week.
10. He plays ______ piano very well.
11. ______ children in my street play football every evening.
12. ______ children need love and attention.

Javoblar:

• 1. an — kasb, engineer unli tovush bilan boshlanadi.
• 2. the — stol ustidagi aniq tuz.
• 3. – / – — go to work, by metro.
• 4. a / The — birinchi marta a, keyin the.
• 5. – — suv umuman.
• 6. the — eng yuqori daraja.
• 7. an — hour da h o‘qilmaydi.
• 8. the — the USA.
• 9. a — birinchi marta tilga olingan, bitta.
• 10. the — musiqa asbobi.
• 11. The — aniq bolalar, “mening ko‘chamdagi”.
• 12. – — umuman bolalar.

10 tadan ko‘p to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, asosiy qoidalarni tushungansiz. Xato qilgan savollaringiz qaysi bo‘limga tegishli ekanini topib, o‘sha bo‘limdagi misollarni ovoz chiqarib o‘qing.

Artikllarni nutqqa qanday o‘tkazish kerak

Qoidani bilish va gapirishda to‘g‘ri ishlatish — ikki xil ish. Kuniga bir daqiqa qilib kechagi kuningiz haqida gapiring va yozuvni tinglab, faqat artikllarni tekshiring: har bir birlikdagi otning oldida nimadir bormi? Bir necha hafta ichida bu tekshiruv avtomatik bo‘la boshlaydi.

Artikllar grammatika o‘rganish tartibida qayerda turishini ingliz tili grammatikasi: nimadan boshlash sahifasida ko‘ring. B1–B2 darajada ham artikl xatolari saqlanib qolsa, CEFR grammar: takroriy xatolar qo‘llanmasidagi tahlil usulidan foydalaning.

BandMate bilan mashq

BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan ovozli suhbatda o‘zingiz, ishingiz yoki kechagi kuningiz haqida gapirasiz, ilova esa jumla bo‘yicha fikr bildiradi va darslarda artikllarni o‘zbekcha izoh bilan takrorlatadi. Suhbatdagi har bir artikl xatosi ham belgilanmasligi mumkin, shuning uchun yozuvingizni o‘zingiz ham tekshirishda davom eting.

Manbalar

• Cambridge Dictionary — Articles: a/an, the

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling