B1–B2 darajadagi o‘zbek o‘rganuvchilarning grammatika xatolari tasodifiy emas. Ularning ko‘pi besh joyda takrorlanadi: artikllar, present perfect, savol va so‘z tartibi, fe’l shakllari va predloglar. Sababi ham ma’lum: o‘zbek tilida artikl yo‘q, fe’l gap oxirida keladi, ruscha predloglar esa inglizchaga ko‘chib o‘tadi. Quyidagi jadvalda 20 ta xato, ularning to‘g‘ri shakli va qisqa izohi berilgan. Oxirida javoblari bilan test bor.
Agentlikning Multilevel Speaking baholash shkalasi ham shu farqni tasvirlaydi. A2 darajada oddiy xatolar muntazam takrorlanadi. B1 da oddiy tuzilmalar to‘g‘ri, xatolar murakkab tuzilmalarda chiqadi. B2 da esa xatolar tushunishga xalaqit bermaydi. Ya’ni oddiy grammatikadagi muntazam xatolar natijani pastroq darajaga tortadi.
Artikl va otlar
| № | Xato | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I live in the Tashkent. | I live in Tashkent. | Shahar va mamlakat nomlari odatda artiklsiz: Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Istisno: the UK, the USA. |
| 2 | My sister is teacher. | My sister is a teacher. | Kasb nomi oldidan a/an kerak. O‘zbekcha “o‘qituvchi”da bunga mos so‘z yo‘q. |
| 3 | The life is difficult for students. | Life is difficult for students. | Umumiy ma’nodagi mavhum ot artiklsiz. Aniq holatda esa: the life of a student in Tashkent. |
| 4 | He gave me many useful informations. | He gave me a lot of useful information. | Information, advice, news, furniture, equipment sanalmaydi. Bitta maslahat — a piece of advice. |
Zamonlar
| № | Xato | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | I study English since 2023. | I have been studying English since 2023. | O‘tmishda boshlanib hozir davom etayotgan ish uchun present perfect (continuous) ishlatiladi. Since shu zamonga ishora qiladi. |
| 6 | I have visited Samarkand last year. | I visited Samarkand last year. | Last year, yesterday, in 2022 kabi aniq o‘tgan vaqt bilan past simple ishlatiladi. |
| 7 | When I will finish university, I will work abroad. | When I finish university, I will work abroad. | When, if, after, as soon asdan keyingi kelasi zamon ma’nosida present simple keladi. |
| 8 | If I would have more time, I would read more. | If I had more time, I would read more. | 2-tur shart gapda if qismida past simple: if I had. |
| 9 | I am knowing him for ten years. | I have known him for ten years. | Know, like, believe, own kabi holat fe’llari odatda -ing shaklida kelmaydi. |
Present perfect va past simple farqi alohida qo‘llanmada misollar bilan tushuntirilgan.
Savol va so‘z tartibi
| № | Xato | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | Where you live? | Where do you live? | Savolda yordamchi fe’l kerak: do/does/did. O‘zbekchada savol ohang yoki “-mi” bilan beriladi. |
| 11 | Can you tell me where is the metro station? | Can you tell me where the metro station is? | Bilvosita savolda oddiy tartib saqlanadi: ega + fe’l. |
| 12 | I very like football. | I really like football. / I like football very much. | Very fe’lni emas, sifatni kuchaytiradi. |
| 13 | Always I drink tea in the morning. | I always drink tea in the morning. | Always, usually, often, never asosiy fe’ldan oldin keladi. |
Fe’l shakllari
| № | Xato | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14 | I am agree with you. | I agree with you. | Agree — fe’l, unga am kerak emas. Xato “roziman” va ruscha “я согласен”dan keladi. |
| 15 | People is very friendly here. | People are very friendly here. | People ko‘plik: people are, people have. |
| 16 | My brother don’t like coffee. | My brother doesn’t like coffee. | He/she/it bilan does/doesn’t. Gapirishda eng ko‘p tushib qoladigan shakl shu. |
| 17 | I enjoy to cook, but I want learning baking. | I enjoy cooking, but I want to learn baking. | Enjoy, finish, avoid, suggest dan keyin -ing keladi; want, decide, plan, hope dan keyin to. |
Predloglar
| № | Xato | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18 | It depends from the weather. | It depends on the weather. | Ruscha “зависит от” ta’siri. |
| 19 | We discussed about the project. Can you explain me? | We discussed the project. Can you explain it to me? | Discuss predlogsiz ishlatiladi. Explain esa to bilan: explain something to someone. |
| 20 | She is married with a doctor. I read it in the internet. | She is married to a doctor. I read it on the internet. | Married to, on the internet. Ruscha “в интернете”ni so‘zma-so‘z tarjima qilmang. |
O‘z xatolaringizni qanday topasiz?
Jadvalni o‘qish yetmaydi: har kimning xato ro‘yxati o‘ziga xos. Bir hafta davomida shu tartibni bajaring:
- Har kuni ikki daqiqalik javobni yozib oling. Masalan: Describe how your city has changed in the last five years.
- Yozuvni telefon diktovkasi bilan matnga aylantiring yoki qo‘lda yozib chiqing.
- Har bir xatoni yuqoridagi beshta guruhdan biriga ajrating va daftarga belgi qo‘ying.
- Hafta oxirida eng ko‘p belgi tushgan guruhni tanlang. Keyingi haftani faqat o‘sha xatoga bag‘ishlang.
- Tanlangan xato uchun “juft gap” mashqi qiling: bir noto‘g‘ri va bir to‘g‘ri gapni yonma-yon yozib, to‘g‘risini ovoz chiqarib o‘qing. Kuniga beshta juft yetarli.
Writing uchun ham shu tartib ishlaydi. Rasmiy email yozgandan keyin faqat 16- va 5-xatolarni qidirib chiqing: he/she + does va sinceli gaplar. Email yozish tartibi Multilevel Writing email maqolasida bor.
Test: 12 ta gap
Har bir gapda bitta xato bor. Uni toping va tuzating.
- 1. She works as engineer in a bank.
- 2. I have graduated from school in 2021.
- 3. Could you tell me what time does the lesson start?
- 4. My friend always is late.
- 5. The news are good today.
- 6. If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay home.
- 7. I am living in Chilonzor since I was a child.
- 8. He suggested to go to the cinema.
- 9. Everybody have a phone now.
- 10. Let’s discuss about your plans.
- 11. I’m interested for programming.
- 12. I didn’t went to work yesterday.
Javoblar:
- 1. as an engineer (2-xato)
- 2. I graduated from school in 2021 (6-xato)
- 3. what time the lesson starts (11-xato)
- 4. My friend is always late — always be fe’lidan keyin keladi (13-xatoga yaqin)
- 5. The news is good today — news birlikda (4-xato)
- 6. If it rains tomorrow (7-xato)
- 7. I have lived in Chilonzor since I was a child (5-xato)
- 8. He suggested going to the cinema (17-xato)
- 9. Everybody has a phone now — everybody birlikda (15-xatoga yaqin)
- 10. Let’s discuss your plans (19-xato)
- 11. interested in programming (predlog, 18–20-xatolar guruhi)
- 12. I didn’t go to work yesterday — diddan keyin fe’lning asosiy shakli (16-xatoga yaqin)
10 va undan ko‘p to‘g‘ri javob — yaxshi natija. Endi shu xatolarni o‘z nutqingizda kuzating. 7 tadan kam bo‘lsa, zamonlar va fe’l shakllari jadvalini qayta ishlang.
BandMate bilan
BandMateda Bandi bilan ovozli suhbatdan keyin grammatika bo‘yicha fikr olasiz. Bu yuqoridagi “o‘z xatolaringizni topish” tartibining 1–3-qadamlarini tezlashtiradi. Darslar bo‘limida zamonlar va savol tuzish bo‘yicha mashqlar bor. Ilova xatoni ko‘rsatadi, lekin daftarga yozish va juft gap mashqini baribir o‘zingiz bajarasiz.
