Harakat predloglari narsa yoki odam qayerga, qaysi yo‘l bilan borayotganini ko‘rsatadi: into the room (xonaga kirib), out of the car (mashinadan chiqib), through the park (bog‘ ichidan o‘tib), across the road (yo‘lni kesib), along the river (daryo bo‘ylab), past the bank (bank yonidan o‘tib). O‘zbekchada bu ma’noni ko‘pincha fe’l beradi (kirdi, chiqdi, o‘tdi), inglizchada esa oddiy fe’l (go, walk, run) va predlog birga ishlaydi.
Tezkor sinov: ertalab uydan qanday chiqasiz? I go out of the flat, down the stairs and across the yard to the bus stop. Uchta predlog bilan butun yo‘lni aytdingiz.
O‘zbekcha -ga va -dan inglizchada qanday bo‘linadi
O‘zbek tilida harakat uchun ikki asosiy qo‘shimcha bor: -ga (qayerga) va -dan (qayerdan yoki qaysi joy orqali). Inglizchada har biri bir necha predlogga bo‘linadi. Ayniqsa -dan ko‘p ma’noli: ko‘prikdan o‘tdi, eshikdan kirdi, uydan chiqdi, avtobusdan tushdi — to‘rt gap, to‘rt xil predlog.
| O‘zbekcha | Inglizcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| uyga (bordi) | to | She went to the bazaar. |
| xonaga (kirdi) | into | He came into the room. |
| uydan (chiqdi) | out of | We ran out of the building. |
| Toshkentdan (keldi) | from | My cousin came from Tashkent. |
| avtobusdan (tushdi) | off | Get off the bus at the next stop. |
| eshikdan (kirdi), bog‘dan (o‘tdi) | through | Walk through the park. |
| ko‘chadan (o‘tdi), ko‘prikdan | across / over | Go across the bridge. |
| do‘kon yonidan (o‘tdi) | past | Go past the pharmacy. |
| ariq bo‘ylab | along | Walk along the canal. |
| maktab tomon | towards | He ran towards the school. |
| zinadan (chiqdi / tushdi) | up / down | Go up the stairs. / Come down the hill. |
| favvora atrofida | around / round | The children ran around the fountain. |
Qoida: o‘zbekcha gapdagi fe’lga qarang. “Kirdi” bo‘lsa — into, “chiqdi” — out of, “tushdi” — off yoki down, “kesib o‘tdi” — across, “ichidan o‘tdi” — through, “yonidan o‘tdi” — past.
Into va in, onto va on: joy yoki harakat
In va on — turgan joy, into va onto — o‘sha joyga kirish harakati.
| Gap | Ma’nosi |
|---|---|
| The cat is in the box. | Mushuk quti ichida (turibdi). |
| The cat jumped into the box. | Mushuk qutiga sakrab kirdi. |
| The book is on the shelf. | Kitob javonda. |
| She put the book onto the shelf. | U kitobni javonga qo‘ydi. |
| He swam in the lake. | U ko‘lda suzdi (ko‘l ichida). |
| He jumped into the lake. | U ko‘lga sakradi. |
So‘zlashuvda put, go, come, jump dan keyin ko‘pincha in ham eshitiladi: Come in!, Put it in the bag. Lekin joydan joyga o‘tishni aniq ko‘rsatish kerak bo‘lsa, into xavfsiz tanlov.
Across, through, over: bir xil “o‘tdi”, uch xil yo‘l
- across — tekis sirtni bir chetidan ikkinchisiga kesib o‘tish: across the road, across the square, across the river (suzib yoki ko‘prik bilan).
- through — nimaningdir ichidan o‘tish, atrof yopiq: through the park, through the tunnel, through the door, through the crowd.
- over — ustidan oshib o‘tish: over the fence, over the wall, over the bridge.
Solishtiring: We walked across the park — bog‘ni ochiq maydondek kesib o‘tdik; We walked through the park — daraxtlar orasidan, bog‘ ichidan o‘tdik. Ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri, lekin rasm boshqacha.
Along, past, towards: yo‘l ko‘rsatishning uch ustuni
- along — uzun narsa bo‘ylab yurish: along the street, along the canal, along the metro line.
- past — biror joy yonidan to‘xtamay o‘tib ketish: Go past the mosque and turn left.
- towards — tomon, yo‘nalish; yetib borish shart emas: Walk towards the tower.
Past ning ma’nosi pass fe’liga yaqin: I passed the school = I walked past the school. Towards amerikacha shakli toward; ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri.
Transportda ikki xil juftlik bor: avtobus, poyezd, metro, samolyotga get on / get off; taksi va shaxsiy mashinaga get into / get out of. Masalan: Get out of the taxi carefully.
Yo‘l ko‘rsatish: bitta marshrut, o‘nta predlog
Tasavvur qiling, mehmon metro bekatidan chiqib, sizning uyingizga kelmoqchi. Siz unga telefonda shunday tushuntirasiz:
Come out of the metro and turn right.
Walk along the main road for about five minutes.
Go past a big supermarket and a pharmacy.
At the traffic lights, go across the road.
Then walk through the small park — there’s a path between the trees.
Go towards the tall blue building.
Our block is behind it. Go into the second entrance, up the stairs to the third floor.
Har qatorda bitta harakat predlogi bor. Shu matnni o‘z mahallangizga moslab qayta yozing: supermarket o‘rniga choyxona, park o‘rniga maktab hovlisi. Yo‘l so‘rash va javob berishning to‘liq iboralari yo‘l so‘rash inglizcha sahifasida uchta dialog bilan berilgan. Joy nomlari kerak bo‘lsa — shahar joylari inglizcha.
Ko‘p eshitiladigan xatolar: enter into, arrive to, go to home
O‘zbek va rus tilidagi qo‘shimchalar ingliz fe’llariga ortiqcha predlog qo‘shib yuboradi.
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| He entered into the room. | He entered the room. / He went into the room. | Enter predlogsiz ishlatiladi. |
| I arrived to Samarkand at 9. | I arrived in Samarkand at 9. | Shaharga — arrive in, bino yoki bekatga — arrive at. |
| Let’s go to home. | Let’s go home. | Home dan oldin to qo‘yilmaydi. |
| Get out from the car. | Get out of the car. | Chiqish — out of. |
| I got off from the bus. | I got off the bus. | Off o‘zi “-dan” ma’nosini beradi. |
| Go towards to the bridge. | Go towards the bridge. | Towards dan keyin to kerak emas. |
| We crossed across the street. | We crossed the street. / We went across the street. | Cross fe’li o‘zi “kesib o‘tmoq”. |
Oxirgi xato qiziq: fe’l va predlog bir xil ma’noni beradi. Ingliz tili ulardan birini tanlaydi: yo cross, yo go across.
Dialog: vokzalda adashgan mehmon
Tourist: Excuse me, how do I get out of the station to the taxis?
Dilnoza: Go down these stairs and through the big glass doors.
Tourist: And then?
Dilnoza: Walk along the platform, past the ticket office. The taxi stand is across the square.
Tourist: Should I walk towards that clock?
Dilnoza: Yes, exactly. Don’t get into an unofficial car — use the taxi stand or an app.
Tourist: Thank you so much!
Dialogdagi predloglarni sanang: out of, to, down, through, along, past, across, towards, into. To‘qqiz harakat, bitta qisqa suhbat.
Mashq: 14 ta gap
A. To‘g‘ri predlogni tanlang.
- 1. The boy jumped ______ the swimming pool. (in / into)
- 2. We walked ______ the forest for two hours. (across / through)
- 3. Be careful when you go ______ the road. (across / along)
- 4. She ran ______ the stairs to the fifth floor. (up / over)
- 5. Walk ______ the canal until you see the bridge. (along / past)
- 6. The dog jumped ______ the fence and ran away. (over / through)
- 7. Get ______ the taxi, please. We’re here. (off / out of)
- 8. Go ______ the cinema and take the second left. (past / towards to)
B. O‘zbekchadan tarjima qiling.
- 9. U avtobusdan tushdi.
- 10. Biz ko‘prikdan o‘tdik.
- 11. Mushuk derazadan kirdi.
C. Xatoni tuzating.
- 12. The teacher entered into the classroom.
- 13. We arrived to the airport at six.
- 14. After work I went to home.
Javoblar
1 — into; 2 — through; 3 — across; 4 — up; 5 — along; 6 — over; 7 — out of; 8 — past.
9 — She (He) got off the bus. 10 — We went across the bridge. / We crossed the bridge. 11 — The cat came in through the window.
12 — The teacher entered the classroom. 13 — We arrived at the airport at six. 14 — After work I went home.
Izohlar:
- 1-gap: suvga kirish harakati — into; in the pool bo‘lsa, allaqachon suvda suzayapti.
- 2-gap: o‘rmon — atrofi yopiq joy, ichidan o‘tiladi: through.
- 7-gap: taksi va yengil mashina — get out of; avtobus bo‘lganda get off.
- 8-gap: towards to mavjud emas; “yonidan o‘tib” — past.
- 10-gap: ko‘prikni bir chetidan ikkinchisiga kesib o‘tish — across; over the bridge ham to‘g‘ri.
- 11-gap: derazadan kirish — through the window. O‘zbekcha -dan bu yerda “orqali” ma’nosida.
- 13-gap: aeroport — aniq bino, arrive at.
Turgan joyni bildiruvchi in, on, under, behind uchun joy predloglari sahifasiga qayting. Harakat va joy predloglarini aralashtirib tekshirish uchun predloglar mashqlari sahifasidagi 35 ta topshiriqni bajaring.
Yo‘lni ovoz chiqarib tushuntiring: Bandi bilan
Yo‘l ko‘rsatishda o‘ylashga vaqt kam: odam oldingizda turibdi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan “turist va mahalliy odam” rolini o‘ynashingiz mumkin: u yo‘l so‘raydi, siz along, past, across bilan tushuntirasiz, ilova esa predlog xatolarini ko‘rsatadi. Bugun uyingizdan eng yaqin do‘konga boradigan yo‘lni besh gap bilan ayting.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
