Have got va has got — “bor” degani, egalik haqida: I’ve got a sister — opam bor. He’s got a new phone — uning yangi telefoni bor. I, you, we, they bilan have got, he, she, it bilan has got. Inkor: haven’t got / hasn’t got. So‘roq: Have you got…? Has she got…?
Ma’no jihatidan have got oddiy have bilan bir xil: I’ve got a car = I have a car. Farq uslubda. Have got Britaniya ingliz tilida va og‘zaki nutqda ko‘p ishlatiladi, amerikaliklar esa ko‘proq have va Do you have…? deydi. Ikkalasini ham bilish kerak, chunki darsliklarda, filmlarda va imtihonda ikkalasi ham uchraydi.
“Mening … bor” gapini inglizchaga o‘girish
O‘zbekchada egalik “bor” so‘zi bilan aytiladi, va gap egalik qo‘shimchasi bilan boshlanadi: Mening akam bor. Uning mashinasi bor. Inglizchada esa ega (kim) + have got + narsa:
| O‘zbekcha | Noto‘g‘ri tarjima | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|---|
| Mening ikkita akam bor. | My two brothers are. / There are my two brothers. | I’ve got two brothers. |
| Uning mashinasi bor. | His car is. | He’s got a car. |
| Bizning itimiz yo‘q. | Our dog isn’t. | We haven’t got a dog. |
| Sening vaqting bormi? | Is your time? | Have you got time? |
Tartib shunday: kim + have/has got + nima. “Mening” so‘zi inglizchada my bo‘lib emas, ega I bo‘lib chiqadi. Ruscha У меня есть брат ham xuddi shu tarzda: I’ve got a brother.
Yasalishi
| Gap turi | I, you, we, they | he, she, it |
|---|---|---|
| Darak | I have got / I’ve got a bike. | She has got / She’s got a bike. |
| Inkor | We haven’t got a garden. | He hasn’t got a car. |
| So‘roq | Have you got a pen? | Has your flat got a balcony? |
| Javob | Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. | Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t. |
| Maxsus savol | How many cousins have you got? | What colour eyes has she got? |
Javobda got takrorlanmaydi: Yes, I have, Yes, I have got emas. So‘roq va inkorda do ishlatilmaydi: Have you got…? — yoki Do you have…?, lekin Do you have got…? aralash shakli xato.
’s tuzog‘i. She’s ikki xil bo‘lishi mumkin: she is yoki she has. Keyingi so‘zga qarang: She’s got — has; She’s tired — is. Got bor joyda doim has.
Oila haqida gapirish
Oila — have got eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan mavzu. Mana Sardorning tanishtiruvi:
I’m Sardor and I’m from Jizzakh. I’ve got a big family. I’ve got two sisters and one brother. My older sister is married and she’s got two children, so I’ve got a niece and a nephew. My brother is still at school. We haven’t got a dog, but we’ve got a cat and some chickens in the yard. My grandparents live with us. My grandfather has got a small garden, and he grows tomatoes there.
Yana misollar:
- I’ve got three cousins in Tashkent. — Toshkentda uchta amakivachcham bor.
- Have you got any brothers or sisters? — Aka-uka yoki opa-singlingiz bormi?
- She hasn’t got any children. — Uning farzandi yo‘q.
- My parents have got a house in the village. — Ota-onamning qishloqda uyi bor.
Ingliz tilida aka va uka, opa va singil bitta so‘z (brother, sister). Yoshini ko‘rsatish uchun older va younger qo‘shiladi: I’ve got a younger sister. Qarindoshlarning to‘liq ro‘yxati oila a’zolari inglizcha sahifasida.
Tashqi ko‘rinishni tasvirlash
Soch, ko‘z, soqol, ko‘zoynak haqida gapirganda have got juda tabiiy:
Uchta qoidani eslab qoling:
- Soch sanalmaydi. She’s got long hair, long hairs emas. Hairs faqat bir nechta tola haqida: There are two hairs in my soup.
- Sifatlar tartibi: uzunlik, keyin shakl, keyin rang: He’s got short curly black hair.
- Ikki usul ham to‘g‘ri: She’s got blue eyes = Her eyes are blue. Birinchisi odamni, ikkinchisi ko‘zni ta’kidlaydi.
Bo‘y va gavda haqida esa to be fe’li ishlatiladi: He’s tall. She’s slim. He has got tall xato. Odamni to‘liq tasvirlash tartibi va muloyim so‘zlar tashqi ko‘rinishni tasvirlash sahifasida.
Narsalar, kasallik va vaqt
Have got faqat oila va tashqi ko‘rinish uchun emas:
- Narsalar: Have you got your passport? — Pasportingiz yoningizdami?
- Kasallik: I’ve got a headache. She’s got a cold. — Boshim og‘riyapti. U shamollagan.
- Vaqt va imkoniyat: Have you got a minute? — Bir daqiqangiz bormi? We haven’t got time.
- Muammo, g‘oya: I’ve got an idea! We’ve got a problem.
Kasallik gaplariga e’tibor bering: o‘zbekcha “boshim og‘riyapti” fe’l bilan aytiladi, inglizchada esa I’ve got a headache — “bosh og‘rig‘im bor”.
Have got yoki have: Britaniya va Amerika
| Gap turi | Have got | Have |
|---|---|---|
| Darak | I’ve got a car. | I have a car. |
| Inkor | I haven’t got a car. | I don’t have a car. |
| So‘roq | Have you got a car? | Do you have a car? |
| Qayerda ko‘proq | Britaniya, og‘zaki nutq | Amerika, rasmiy yozuv, hamma joyda |
Have got ning uchta cheklovi bor:
- Faqat hozirgi zamon. O‘tgan zamonda had: When I was a child, I had a bicycle, I had got a bicycle emas. Kelasi zamonda will have.
- Faqat egalik. Harakat ma’nosidagi have bilan got ishlatilmaydi: I have breakfast at seven, I’ve got breakfast emas. Have a shower, have a party, have a good time ham shunday.
- Rasmiy yozuvda kam. Ish xati yoki IELTS Writing’da have tanlang: The city has a population of…
Have va has ni shaxsga qarab tanlash, have ning yordamchi fe’l sifatidagi vazifasi have va has farqi sahifasida.
Tipik xatolar
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Sabab |
|---|---|---|
| She have got a brother. | She has got a brother. | she bilan has |
| My brother is. | I’ve got a brother. | o‘zbekcha “bor” tarjimasi |
| Do you have got a pen? | Have you got a pen? / Do you have a pen? | ikki shakl aralashgan |
| Has she got a car? — Yes, she has got. | Yes, she has. | javobda got takrorlanmaydi |
| I had got a dog when I was ten. | I had a dog when I was ten. | o‘tgan zamonda have got yo‘q |
| She has got long hairs. | She has got long hair. | hair sanalmaydi |
| I’ve got lunch at one. | I have lunch at one. | harakat ma’nosi |
Mashq: 14 ta gap
A. Have got yoki has got qo‘ying.
- 1. My uncle ______ a shop at Chorsu bazaar.
- 2. I ______ two cousins in Bukhara.
- 3. Our flat ______ three rooms.
- 4. They ______ a new car.
- 5. Madina ______ beautiful dark eyes.
B. Inkor yoki so‘roq gap tuzing.
- 6. (so‘roq) you / any brothers or sisters
- 7. (inkor) we / a garden
- 8. (so‘roq) your teacher / a car
- 9. (inkor) my grandfather / a mobile phone
C. Xatoni tuzating. Bitta gap to‘g‘ri.
- 10. Do you have got a pen?
- 11. My sister is got curly hair.
- 12. When I was a student, I had got a small room.
- 13. I’ve got a terrible headache.
- 14. He has got breakfast at eight every day.
Javoblar
1 — has got; 2 — have got; 3 — has got; 4 — have got; 5 — has got.
6 — Have you got any brothers or sisters? 7 — We haven’t got a garden. 8 — Has your teacher got a car? 9 — My grandfather hasn’t got a mobile phone.
10 — Have you got a pen? (yoki Do you have a pen?) 11 — My sister has got curly hair. 12 — When I was a student, I had a small room. 13 — To‘g‘ri. 14 — He has breakfast at eight every day.
Izohlar:
- 3-gap: our flat — bitta narsa, “it” o‘rnida, shuning uchun has got.
- 5-gap: Madina — “she”, has got. Qisqa shakl: Madina’s got.
- 11-gap: ’s got ni ko‘rib is got deb yozish ko‘p uchraydi. Got bilan faqat has.
- 12-gap: o‘tgan zamon — oddiy had.
- 14-gap: have breakfast — harakat, egalik emas, got qo‘shilmaydi.
11 tadan ko‘p to‘g‘ri javob bo‘lsa, have got ni o‘zlashtirgansiz. Uni oila va egalik olmoshlari bilan birga dars shaklida mashq qilish uchun ikkinchi dars: oila va egalik sahifasini oching.
BandMate bilan gapirib mashq qiling
Oila haqida gapirish — suhbatdagi eng birinchi mavzulardan biri, IELTS Speaking Part 1’da ham ko‘p so‘raladi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi sizdan oilangiz va yaqinlaringiz haqida so‘raydi, siz ovoz chiqarib javob berasiz va have/has xatolari ko‘rsatiladi. Bugun sinab ko‘ring: oilangizni besh gapda tanishtiring va bitta yaqin odamingizning tashqi ko‘rinishini has got bilan ikki gapda tasvirlang.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
