Has faqat hozirgi zamonda va faqat he, she, it yoki birlikdagi ot bilan ishlatiladi: She has a laptop. My brother has a new job. Qolgan hamma egalar — I, you, we, they va ko‘plikdagi otlar — have oladi: I have a question. Our neighbours have three sons.
Uchta holatda has umuman ishlatilmaydi, ega he/she/it bo‘lsa ham: does/doesn’t dan keyin (Does she have…?), modal fe’ldan keyin (He can have…) va o‘tgan zamonda (She had…). Bu uch holatni bilsangiz, have/has xatolarining deyarli hammasidan qutulasiz.
Kimga have, kimga has
| Ega | Shakl | Misol | O‘zbekcha |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | have | I have an appointment at ten. | Soat o‘nda qabulim bor. |
| you | have | You have a nice voice. | Ovozingiz chiroyli ekan. |
| he / she / it | has | The flat has two balconies. | Kvartiraning ikkita balkoni bor. |
| we | have | We have a test on Thursday. | Payshanba kuni testimiz bor. |
| they | have | They have a small garden behind the house. | Ularning uy orqasida kichik bog‘i bor. |
| birlikdagi ot | has | Our teacher has a good sense of humour. | Ustozimiz hazilkash. |
| ko‘plikdagi ot | have | These phones have a good camera. | Bu telefonlarning kamerasi yaxshi. |
Tez tekshirish: egani he, she yoki it bilan almashtirib ko‘ring. My aunt → she → has. My aunt and uncle → they → have.
Ba’zi egalar chalg‘itadi:
- everybody, somebody, nobody, each — birlik: Everybody has a phone these days.
- people, children, the police — ko‘plik: People have different opinions. The police have closed the road.
- one of my friends — birlik (ega one): One of my friends has a car.
- family, team — britaniyaliklar ko‘pincha have, amerikaliklar has deydi; ikkalasi ham xato emas.
Have ning uch xil vazifasi
Bitta so‘z uch xil ishni bajaradi. Have/has tanlash qoidasi uchalasida bir xil, lekin inkor va so‘roq har xil yasaladi.
| Vazifa | Misol | Inkor | So‘roq |
|---|---|---|---|
| Egalik: “bor” | She has a scholarship. | She doesn’t have a scholarship. | Does she have a scholarship? |
| Yordamchi fe’l: Present Perfect | She has finished the course. | She hasn’t finished the course. | Has she finished the course? |
| Majburiyat: have to | She has to wear a uniform. | She doesn’t have to wear a uniform. | Does she have to wear a uniform? |
1. Egalik. “Mening … bor” degan gap. Amerikacha va umumiy inglizchada inkor va so‘roq do/does bilan: Does your flat have air conditioning? Britaniyada xuddi shu ma’noni ko‘pincha have got beradi: Has your flat got air conditioning? Ikkala shakl va ularning farqi have got va has got sahifasida.
2. Yordamchi fe’l. V3 bilan Present Perfect yasaydi. Bu yerda has o‘zi inkor va so‘roq beradi, does kerak emas: Has the parcel arrived? Zamonning o‘zi Present Perfect qoidasi sahifasida.
3. Have to. “…ishim kerak, majburman”. Inkori don’t/doesn’t have to “shart emas” degani, mustn’t (“mumkin emas”) bilan adashtirmang. Batafsil must, have to va should farqi sahifasida.
Have lunch, have a shower: “bor” emas, harakat
Ingliz tilida have ko‘plab kundalik harakatlarni bildiradi. Bu iboralarda u oddiy fe’l: Present Continuousda ham kela oladi (I’m having lunch) va so‘roqda do oladi (What time do you have lunch?).
| Ibora | Ma’no | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| have breakfast / lunch / dinner | nonushta / tushlik / kechki ovqat qilmoq | We usually have dinner at eight. |
| have a shower | dush qabul qilmoq | He has a shower every morning. |
| have a rest | dam olmoq | You look tired. Have a rest. |
| have a look | qarab ko‘rmoq | Can I have a look at your notes? |
| have a good time | yaxshi vaqt o‘tkazmoq | Did you have a good time in Bukhara? |
| have a party | bazm qilmoq | They’re having a party for their son. |
| have a chat | gurunglashmoq | Let’s have a chat after the meeting. |
| have a try / a go | urinib ko‘rmoq | Have a go, it’s easy! |
| have a baby | farzand ko‘rmoq | My sister has just had a baby. |
| have a cold / a headache | shamollamoq / boshi og‘rimoq | She has a bad cold. |
| have a haircut | soch oldirmoq | I need to have a haircut. |
| have a meeting | yig‘ilish o‘tkazmoq | The manager is having a meeting now. |
| have a word (with) | gaplashib olmoq | Can I have a word with you? |
| have some tea | choy ichmoq | Have some more tea! |
Mehmondo‘st xonadonda eng ko‘p eshitiladigan ibora — oxirgisi: “Choy iching!” inglizchada Have some tea! bo‘ladi, Drink tea! emas.
To‘rtinchi rasmga qarang: has had — birinchi has yordamchi fe’l, ikkinchi had esa “ovqatlanmoq” ma’nosidagi have ning V3 shakli. Bir gapda ikki vazifa.
“Does he has…?” va yana yetti xato
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Nega |
|---|---|---|
| Does he has a car? | Does he have a car? | does dan keyin fe’l asosiy shaklda |
| She doesn’t has time. | She doesn’t have time. | xuddi shu qoida |
| Everyone have a ticket. | Everyone has a ticket. | everyone birlik |
| I have 20 years. | I’m 20. / I’m 20 years old. | yosh be bilan aytiladi |
| I am having a flat in Yunusobod. | I have a flat in Yunusobod. | egalik Continuous’da bo‘lmaydi |
| He can has lunch later. | He can have lunch later. | modaldan keyin have |
| We have lunch now. | We’re having lunch now. | hozir bo‘layotgan harakat |
| Has she a sister? | Does she have a sister? / Has she got a sister? | eskirgan shakl |
To‘rtinchi xato rus tilidan keladi: Мне 20 лет so‘zma-so‘z o‘girilganda have paydo bo‘ladi. O‘zbekcha “20 yoshdaman” esa to‘g‘ri yo‘lni ko‘rsatadi: I am 20.
Beshinchi xato esa aksincha, o‘zbekcha “-yapman”ni har joyga qo‘yishdan: “Yunusobodda kvartiram bor” doimiy holat, u have bilan, -ing siz aytiladi.
Mehmonxona qabulxonasida: have va has suhbatda
Receptionist: Good evening. Do you have a reservation?
Guest: Yes, I do. My wife has the booking confirmation on her phone.
Receptionist: Thank you. The room has a balcony and a view of the old city. Breakfast is from seven to ten.
Guest: Great. Does the hotel have a gym?
Receptionist: It doesn’t, I’m afraid, but we have a small pool. Have a pleasant stay!
Mashq: 14 ta gap
A. have yoki has qo‘ying.
- 1. My cousin ______ a flower shop in Chorsu.
- 2. We ______ English on Mondays and Wednesdays.
- 3. Nobody ______ the answer.
- 4. The children ______ a lot of energy today.
- 5. Does your school ______ a library?
- 6. One of my classmates ______ a twin brother.
- 7. The café ______ free Wi-Fi.
- 8. She can’t ______ coffee after six.
B. Qavsdagi so‘z bilan inkor yoki so‘roq yasang.
- 9. He has a driving licence. (so‘roq, does bilan)
- 10. Malika has sent the files. (inkor)
- 11. Your parents have to work on Saturdays. (so‘roq)
C. Xatoni toping va tuzating.
- 12. My grandfather have a beautiful garden.
- 13. I am having two sisters.
- 14. Doesn’t she has a phone?
Javoblar
1 — has; 2 — have; 3 — has; 4 — have; 5 — have; 6 — has; 7 — has; 8 — have.
9 — Does he have a driving licence? 10 — Malika hasn’t sent the files. 11 — Do your parents have to work on Saturdays?
12 — My grandfather has a beautiful garden. 13 — I have two sisters. 14 — Doesn’t she have a phone?
Izohlar:
- 2-gap: have English — “ingliz tili darsi bo‘ladi” degan ibora, dars jadvalini aytganda ishlatiladi.
- 5 va 8-gaplar: does va can dan keyin has hech qachon kelmaydi.
- 6-gap: ega one — birlik, classmates ga qaramang.
- 10-gap: has sent — Present Perfect, inkor hasn’t bilan, doesn’t emas.
- 13-gap: qarindosh “borligi” holat, Continuous’da aytilmaydi.
Bandi bilan “Do you have…?” savollarini mashq qilish
BandMate ilovasida Bandi oilangiz, uyingiz va kun tartibingiz haqida so‘raydi: Do you have any brothers or sisters? What time do you usually have dinner? Siz ovoz chiqarib javob berasiz, have/has va boshqa xatolaringiz ko‘rsatiladi. Bugungi vazifa: oila a’zolaringizdan uch kishini tanlab, har biri haqida has bilan bitta gap va have li iboralardan biri bilan yana bitta gap ayting.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
