Indirect question (bilvosita savol) — savolni Could you tell me…?, Do you know…? kabi muloyim kirish ibora ichiga joylash. Bunda ichki qism oddiy darak gap tartibida keladi: Where is the bank? → Could you tell me where the bank is? Yordamchi do/does/did esa tushib qoladi: What time does the shop open? → Do you know what time the shop opens?
Yes/no savol bo‘lsa, ichki qism if yoki whether bilan boshlanadi: Is he at home? → Do you know if he is at home? Shu uchta o‘zgarishni bilsangiz, notanish odamga, do‘kon xodimiga yoki rasmiy xatda muloyim savol bera olasiz.
Nega to‘g‘ridan to‘g‘ri savol yetmaydi
Where is the toilet? grammatik jihatdan to‘g‘ri. Lekin notanish odamga bunday savol ingliz tilida keskin eshitiladi. O‘zbekcha Hojatxona qayerda? dan ko‘ra Kechirasiz, hojatxona qayerdaligini ayta olasizmi? muloyimroq bo‘lgani kabi. Bilvosita savol uch joyda ayniqsa kerak:
- Ko‘chada va do‘konda — notanish odamga murojaat.
- Ishxonada va intervyuda — rahbar, mijoz, ish beruvchi bilan.
- Rasmiy xat va emailda — universitet, elchixona, mehmonxona.
Kirish iboralari: oddiydan rasmiygacha
| Ibora | Ohangi |
|---|---|
| Do you know…? | kundalik, do‘stona |
| Any idea…? | juda norasmiy, do‘stlar orasida |
| Can you tell me…? | oddiy muloyim |
| Could you tell me…? | muloyim, eng universal |
| Do you happen to know…? | yumshoq, javob bilmasligi mumkinligini tan oladi |
| Would you mind telling me…? | juda muloyim |
| I was wondering… | rasmiy, biroz uzoqdan |
| I’d like to know… | to‘g‘ri, lekin qat’iyroq |
| Could you let me know…? | xat va email uchun |
Uch o‘zgarish: tartib, do, if
1. Ega fe’ldan oldinga qaytadi.
- Where is the station? → Could you tell me where the station is?
- How much are these apples? → Do you know how much these apples are?
2. do / does / did yo‘qoladi, zamon asosiy fe’lga o‘tadi.
- When does the bus leave? → Do you know when the bus leaves?
- Where did you buy it? → Can you tell me where you bought it?
3. Yes/no savolda if yoki whether qo‘shiladi.
- Is there a pharmacy near here? → Do you know if there is a pharmacy near here?
- Can I pay by card? → Could you tell me whether I can pay by card?
Whether biroz rasmiyroq va xatda ko‘p ishlatiladi. Whether or not ham mumkin: Please let me know whether or not you can attend.
O‘zbek va rus tilidan ko‘chadigan tartib xatosi
O‘zbekchada ichki savol fe’lni o‘zgartiradi: Bank qayerdaligini ayta olasizmi? Inglizchada esa savol so‘zi o‘zgarmaydi. Shuning uchun o‘quvchilar birinchi qismni muloyim qiladi, ichki qismni esa to‘g‘ridan to‘g‘ri savol shaklida qoldiradi. Rus tilida ham Скажите, где банк? da tartib o‘zgarmaydi, bu xatoni kuchaytiradi.
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|
| Can you tell me where is the bank? | Can you tell me where the bank is? |
| Do you know what time does it open? | Do you know what time it opens? |
| Could you tell me where did you buy it? | Could you tell me where you bought it? |
| Do you know is Aziz at home? | Do you know if Aziz is at home? |
| I wonder where is he? | I wonder where he is. |
Oxirgi qatorga e’tibor bering: kirish ibora savol bo‘lmasa (I wonder, I’d like to know, I’m not sure), gap oxirida nuqta turadi, so‘roq belgisi emas.
Ega savollarida hech narsa o‘zgarmaydi
Savol so‘zi gapning egasi bo‘lsa (who, what + fe’l), to‘g‘ridan to‘g‘ri savolda ham darak tartibi bor. Shuning uchun bilvosita savolda hech narsa o‘zgarmaydi:
- Who called? → Do you know who called?
- What happened? → Can you tell me what happened?
Bunday savollar haqida batafsil subject questions sahifasida, oddiy wh-savollar tuzilishi esa maxsus so‘roq gaplar sahifasida.
Shaharda: yo‘l va joy so‘rash
Yo‘l so‘rash va tushuntirishning to‘liq iboralari ingliz tilida yo‘l so‘rash sahifasida.
Xat va emaildagi bilvosita savollar
Rasmiy xatda to‘g‘ridan to‘g‘ri savol (When is the deadline?) qo‘pol bo‘lmasa ham, qisqa va quruq eshitiladi. Quyidagi qoliplar universitet, ish beruvchi yoki mehmonxonaga yozishda qo‘l keladi:
- Could you please let me know when the application deadline is?
- I would be grateful if you could tell me whether the course is taught in English.
- I was wondering if it would be possible to change my booking to 12 May.
- Could you confirm what documents I need to bring?
- I would like to know how long it takes to process the visa.
Ish intervyusi oxirida ham savolni shu yo‘l bilan yumshatish mumkin: Could you tell me what a typical day looks like in this role? Intervyuda beriladigan savollar ro‘yxati ish suhbatida savol berish sahifasida.
Indirect question va reported speech farqi
Ikkalasida ham tartib bir xil o‘zgaradi, lekin vazifasi boshqa:
- Indirect question — o‘zingiz hozir savol beryapsiz: Could you tell me where the station is?
- Reported question — birovning savolini aytib beryapsiz, zamon ko‘pincha orqaga suriladi: She asked me where the station was.
Zamonlar surilishi qoidasi reported speech sahifasida.
Toshkent mehmonxonasida: dialog
Guest: Excuse me, could you tell me what time breakfast starts?
Receptionist: Of course. It starts at seven and finishes at half past ten.
Guest: Thank you. And do you know if there’s an exchange office near the hotel?
Receptionist: Yes, there’s a bank just across the street.
Guest: Great. I was wondering whether I could leave my luggage here after check-out.
Receptionist: No problem. When is your flight?
Guest: At nine in the evening. Do you happen to know how long it takes to get to the airport?
Receptionist: About twenty-five minutes by taxi, if the traffic is normal.
Mashq: 12 ta savol
A. Bilvosita savolga aylantiring.
- 1. Where is the post office? → Could you tell me ______?
- 2. What time does the museum close? → Do you know ______?
- 3. How much does this jacket cost? → Can you tell me ______?
- 4. Is the restaurant open on Sunday? → Do you know ______?
- 5. Where did you park the car? → Can you remind me ______?
- 6. Can I use my card here? → Could you tell me ______?
- 7. Who wrote this book? → Do you know ______?
- 8. When will the results be ready? → I’d like to know ______.
B. Xatoni tuzating.
- 9. Can you tell me where is the nearest ATM?
- 10. Do you know what time does the train leave?
- 11. I wonder what is his name?
- 12. Could you tell me is this seat free?
Javoblar
- 1. Could you tell me where the post office is? — ega fe’ldan oldin.
- 2. Do you know what time the museum closes? — does tushadi, close → closes.
- 3. Can you tell me how much this jacket costs?
- 4. Do you know if (whether) the restaurant is open on Sunday? — yes/no savol, if.
- 5. Can you remind me where you parked the car? — did tushadi, fe’l o‘tgan zamonda.
- 6. Could you tell me whether (if) I can use my card here?
- 7. Do you know who wrote this book? — ega savoli, tartib o‘zgarmaydi.
- 8. I’d like to know when the results will be ready. — kirish ibora savol emas, nuqta.
- 9. Can you tell me where the nearest ATM is?
- 10. Do you know what time the train leaves?
- 11. I wonder what his name is. — tartib va nuqta.
- 12. Could you tell me if this seat is free?
Muloyim savollarni ovoz chiqarib mashq qilish
Bilvosita savolni yozganda tartibni tuzatish oson. Ko‘chada esa …where is the… avtomatik chiqib ketadi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan mehmonxona, do‘kon va ko‘chada yo‘l so‘rash vaziyatlarini gapirib mashq qilasiz. Siz mehmon bo‘lasiz, Bandi xodim. Bugungi topshiriq: ertaga kerak bo‘ladigan uchta ma’lumotni Could you tell me…?, Do you know if…? va I was wondering… bilan ovoz chiqarib so‘rang.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
