Tag question — darak gap oxiriga qo‘shiladigan qisqa savol: It’s cold today, isn’t it? U gapdagi yordamchi fe’l va olmosh bilan yasaladi. Qutbi teskari bo‘ladi: tasdiq gapga inkor dum, inkor gapga tasdiq dum. You like tea, don’t you? She can’t swim, can she?
O‘zbekchada buning vazifasini -ku, -a?, shunday emasmi? bajaradi: Bugun sovuq-ku! Choy yoqadi-a? Farqi shundaki, o‘zbekcha qo‘shimcha hamma gapga bir xil qo‘shiladi. Inglizcha dum esa har safar gapning fe’liga qarab yangidan yasaladi.
Eng keng tarqalgan xato: hamma joyda isn’t it
Rus tilida не так ли? yoki да?, o‘zbekchada shunday emasmi? har qanday gapga qo‘shiladi. Shuning uchun o‘quvchilar inglizchada ham bitta dumni hamma gapga yopishtiradi:
- You live in Tashkent, isn’t it? ✗ → You live in Tashkent, don’t you?
- She was at the wedding, isn’t it? ✗ → She was at the wedding, wasn’t she?
- They have finished, isn’t it? ✗ → They have finished, haven’t they?
Isn’t it faqat gapda it is bo‘lganda to‘g‘ri: It’s expensive, isn’t it? Hind va Singapur inglizchasida isn’t it ni universal dum sifatida eshitish mumkin, lekin standart ingliz tilida va imtihonda bu xato hisoblanadi.
Dumni uch qadamda yasash
- 1-qadam. Yordamchi fe’lni toping. be, have, will, can, should… Agar gapda ko‘rinmasa (Present/Past Simple), do, does, did ni oling.
- 2-qadam. Qutbni almashtiring. Gap tasdiq bo‘lsa — dum inkor (n’t bilan), gap inkor bo‘lsa — dum tasdiq.
- 3-qadam. Egani olmosh bilan almashtiring. Malika → she, your parents → they, this phone → it.
Misol: Your brother works in IT Park. → yordamchi yo‘q, Present Simple, he → doesn’t he?
Har zamon uchun jadval
| Gap | Tag |
|---|---|
| She is a doctor, | isn’t she? |
| They aren’t at home, | are they? |
| You work on Saturdays, | don’t you? |
| He doesn’t eat meat, | does he? |
| We met last year, | didn’t we? |
| It was raining, | wasn’t it? |
| You have seen this film, | haven’t you? |
| She hadn’t left yet, | had she? |
| They will come, | won’t they? |
| You can drive, | can’t you? |
| We should leave now, | shouldn’t we? |
| We must book a table, | mustn’t we? |
| The bridge was built in 1950, | wasn’t it? |
Yordamchi fe’l ikkita bo‘lsa, dumga faqat birinchisi o‘tadi: She has been working all day, hasn’t she?
Olmosh: kim yoki nima haqida gapiryapsiz
Dumda hech qachon ism yoki ot takrorlanmaydi, faqat olmosh keladi. Quyidagi holatlar ko‘p xatoga sabab bo‘ladi:
| Gapdagi ega | Dumdagi olmosh | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| this / that | it | This is your seat, isn’t it? |
| these / those | they | Those are new, aren’t they? |
| everybody, somebody, nobody | they | Everybody was there, weren’t they? |
| everything, nothing | it | Everything is ready, isn’t it? |
| there is / there are | there | There’s a bank near here, isn’t there? |
Istisnolar: aren’t I, shall we, will you
I am → aren’t I? I’m late, aren’t I? Mantiqan amn’t I bo‘lishi kerak edi, lekin bunday shakl standart tilda yo‘q. Inkor gapda esa odatiy: I’m not late, am I?
Let’s → shall we? Let’s take a taxi, shall we?
Buyruq → will you? / could you? / can you? Iltimosni yumshatadi: Close the door, will you? Pass me the bread, could you? Inkor buyruqdan keyin: Don’t tell anyone, will you? Buyruq gaplar haqida ingliz tilida buyruq gaplar sahifasida.
Inkor ma’noli so‘zlar → tasdiq dum. Never, hardly, seldom, nobody, nothing, no gapni inkor qiladi, shuning uchun dum tasdiq bo‘ladi: You never call me, do you? Nothing happened, did it? Bu so‘zlar haqida inkor gaplar sahifasida.
I think / I suppose + gap. Dum ichki gapga moslashadi: I think it’s going to rain, isn’t it? (don’t I? emas.)
Have (egalik). Amerikacha va hozirgi britancha: You have a car, don’t you? Haven’t you? eskiroq britancha shakl.
Used to → didn’t. You used to live in Andijan, didn’t you?
Bir xil qutbli dum: hayrat yoki qiziqish
Ba’zan tasdiq gapga tasdiq dum qo‘shiladi. Bu savol emas, yangi ma’lumotga munosabat: So you’re moving to Seoul, are you? (Hmm, Seulga ko‘chyapsan ekan-da?) Ohangga qarab qiziqish, hayrat yoki kinoya bildiradi. Inkor + inkor dum ishlatilmaydi.
Ohang: savol yoki tasdiqlash
Tagning ma’nosini ohang hal qiladi:
- Pasayuvchi ohang ↘ — javobni bilasiz, rozilik kutasiz: Lovely day, isn’t it ↘? Bu suhbatni boshlash usuli.
- Ko‘tariluvchi ohang ↗ — rostdan bilmaysiz, tekshiryapsiz: The meeting is at three, isn’t it ↗?
Ohang, urg‘u va misollar jadvali so‘roq gap intonatsiyasi sahifasida batafsil. Qisqasi: small talk da deyarli har doim ↘, aniq ma’lumot so‘raganda ↗.
Tagga javob: haqiqatga qarang
Javob dumga emas, haqiqatga moslashadi:
- You aren’t coming, are you? — No, I’m not. (Kelmayman.) / Yes, I am. (Kelaman.)
- It’s your first visit, isn’t it? — Yes, it is. / No, I came last year too.
O‘zbekchadagi Ha, kelmayman ni Yes, I’m not deb tarjima qilmang, bunday javob yo‘q.
To‘yda: small talk dialogi
Rustam: Great wedding, isn’t it?
Laura: Yes, it’s amazing. You’re a friend of the groom, aren’t you?
Rustam: That’s right, we studied together. You came from Germany, didn’t you?
Laura: I did. I haven’t been to an Uzbek wedding before.
Rustam: You won’t forget it. The plov was delicious, wasn’t it?
Laura: Very! But there are a lot of guests, aren’t there? At least four hundred.
Rustam: That’s a small wedding for Tashkent! Let’s go and dance, shall we?
Laura: You don’t expect me to dance like that, do you?
Rustam: Nobody can at first. Come on!
Mashq: 14 ta dum
A. Dumni yozing.
- 1. You’re from Fergana, ______?
- 2. She doesn’t like spicy food, ______?
- 3. They went to Bukhara last week, ______?
- 4. We haven’t met before, ______?
- 5. Your brother can speak Korean, ______?
- 6. It won’t rain tomorrow, ______?
- 7. I’m right, ______?
- 8. Let’s have lunch, ______?
- 9. There were many people at the concert, ______?
- 10. Nobody called, ______?
- 11. Open the window, ______?
- 12. Everything is ready, ______?
B. Xatoni tuzating.
- 13. You work in a bank, isn’t it?
- 14. Malika has finished her project, hasn’t Malika?
Javoblar
- 1. aren’t you — are → inkor.
- 2. does she — inkor gap, tasdiq dum.
- 3. didn’t they — Past Simple, did.
- 4. have we — inkor gap, tasdiq dum.
- 5. can’t he — your brother → he.
- 6. will it — won’t inkor, dum tasdiq.
- 7. aren’t I — istisno, amn’t I yo‘q.
- 8. shall we — let’s dan keyin.
- 9. weren’t there — there dumda qoladi.
- 10. did they — nobody inkor, olmosh they.
- 11. will you (yoki could you, can you) — buyruqdan keyin.
- 12. isn’t it — everything → it.
- 13. You work in a bank, don’t you? — Present Simple, do.
- 14. Malika has finished her project, hasn’t she? — ism emas, olmosh.
Tag questions aralashgan 30 ta topshiriqni so‘roq gap tuzish mashqlari sahifasida ishlang.
Dumni tez yasashni gapirib mashq qilish
Tag question yozuvda oson, lekin suhbatda gap tugashi bilan bir soniyada yasalishi kerak. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan small talk qilasiz: ob-havo, shahar, dam olish haqida. Har bir fikringizni dum bilan tugatib ko‘ring (…, isn’t it? …, don’t you? …, didn’t we?) va ohangni pastga tushiring. Bugun boshlang: atrofingizdagi uchta narsa haqida dumli gap ayting — ob-havo, ovqat va kun haqida.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
