The artikli qachon ishlatilmaydi: 14 holat va istisnolar

The ko‘pchilik atoqli otlar oldidan qo‘yilmaydi: odam ismlari, shaharlar, ko‘p davlatlar, tillar, ko‘chalar. Umumiy ma’nodagi ko‘plik va sanalmaydigan otlar oldidan ham qo‘yilmaydi (I like tea), ovqatlar (have lunch), sport va o‘yinlar (play football), fanlar, kunlar va oylar oldidan ham. Go to school, go to bed, go to work kabi iboralarda esa joy o‘z vazifasida ishlatilgani uchun artikl yo‘q.

Istisnolar ham tartibli: davlat nomida States, Kingdom, Republic, Emirates so‘zi bo‘lsa yoki nom ko‘plikda bo‘lsa, the keladi — the USA, the UK, the Netherlands. Daryo, dengiz, cho‘l va tog‘ tizmalari ham the bilan: the Amu Darya, the Aral Sea, the Kyzylkum.

O‘zbek tilida artikl yo‘q, shuning uchun the ni yangi o‘rgangan o‘quvchi ko‘pincha ikki xil xato qiladi: avval hamma joyda tushirib qoldiradi, keyin esa hamma joyga qo‘ya boshlaydi — the Tashkent, the life, the English. Bu sahifa ikkinchi xato haqida.

14 ta artiklsiz holat

№	Holat	To‘g‘ri	Noto‘g‘ri
1	Odam ismlari	Aziz lives here.	The Aziz lives here.
2	Shahar va viloyat	in Tashkent, in Fergana	in the Tashkent
3	Ko‘pchilik davlatlar	Uzbekistan, Turkey, Korea	the Uzbekistan
4	Qit’alar	in Asia, to Europe	in the Asia
5	Tillar	I speak Uzbek and Russian.	I speak the Uzbek.
6	Ovqatlar	have breakfast, after dinner	have the breakfast
7	Sport va o‘yinlar	play football, play chess	play the football
8	O‘quv fanlari	I’m good at maths.	I’m good at the maths.
9	Kunlar, oylar, bayramlar	on Monday, in May, at Navruz	on the Monday
10	Transport by bilan	by bus, by metro, by taxi	by the bus
11	Ko‘cha, maydon, aeroport	Amir Temur Street, Tashkent International Airport	the Amir Temur Street
12	Umumiy ko‘plik	Cats are clever.	The cats are clever. (umuman mushuklar haqida)
13	Umumiy sanalmaydigan ot	Life is short. Water is cheap.	The life is short.
14	Joy vazifasida: school, bed, work	go to school, at work, in bed	go to the bed

Birinchi o‘n bitta holat oson: nom yoki kategoriya — artikl yo‘q. So‘nggi uchtasi qiyinroq, chunki ular kontekstga bog‘liq. Ularni alohida ko‘ramiz.

Umumiy va aniq: I like music va the music here

Umumiy ma’noda gapirganda — hamma mushuklar, har qanday choy, hayot umuman — artikl qo‘yilmaydi. Aniq bir narsa haqida gapirganda the keladi:

Umumiy (artiklsiz)	Aniq (the bilan)
I like music. — Musiqani yaxshi ko‘raman.	I like the music in this café. — Bu kafedagi musiqa yoqadi.
Tea is cheap in Uzbekistan.	The tea you made is too sweet.
Education is important.	The education system is changing.
People are friendly here.	The people at the wedding were very kind.
Nature helps me relax.	The nature of this job is stressful. (bu ishning tabiati)

Tekshirish savoli: “qaysi?” deb so‘rash mumkinmi? Qaysi musiqa? — bu kafedagi. Javob bor bo‘lsa, the. Javob “umuman hammasi” bo‘lsa, artiklsiz. Qaysi otlar sanaladi, qaysilari sanalmaydi — sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar sahifasida.

Go to school yoki go to the school

School, university, bed, work, hospital, prison, church kabi so‘zlar o‘z asosiy vazifasi uchun borilganda artiklsiz ishlatiladi. Binoning o‘zi haqida gap ketsa — the:

Artiklsiz — vazifa	The bilan — bino yoki aniq joy
My son goes to school. — o‘quvchi, o‘qishga boradi	I went to the school to talk to his teacher. — ota-ona sifatida binoga
She’s in hospital. — bemor, davolanyapti	I went to the hospital to visit her. — mehmon sifatida
I go to bed at 11. — uxlash uchun	Don’t sit on the bed. — aniq mebel
He’s at work. — ishda	The work was hard. — aniq ish
She’s at university. — talaba	The university is near the metro. — bino

In hospital — britancha shakl; amerikaliklar in the hospital deydi. Ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri, lekin bitta matnda bittasini tanlang.

Home so‘zi alohida: go home, at home, come home — artikl ham, to predlogi ham yo‘q. I go to the home va I go to home — ikkalasi xato.

The bilan istisnolar: the USA, the Netherlands

Davlat nomlari asosan artiklsiz. Lekin quyidagi uch guruhda the keladi:

1. Nomda “davlat turi” so‘zi bor: States, Kingdom, Republic, Emirates, Federation.

the United States (the USA), the United Kingdom (the UK), the United Arab Emirates (the UAE), the Czech Republic, the Russian Federation.
Diqqat: Uzbekistan — artiklsiz, lekin the Republic of Uzbekistan — the bilan.

2. Nom ko‘plikda: the Netherlands, the Philippines, the Maldives.

3. Geografik nomlarning bir qismi:

Daryolar: the Amu Darya, the Syr Darya, the Nile.
Dengiz va okeanlar: the Aral Sea, the Caspian Sea, the Pacific.
Cho‘llar: the Kyzylkum, the Sahara.
Tog‘ tizmalari: the Tian Shan, the Pamirs, the Alps.

Lekin yakka tog‘ va ko‘llar artiklsiz: Mount Everest, Lake Baikal. Davlat nomlarining to‘liq ro‘yxati va talaffuzi davlatlar nomi inglizcha sahifasida.

Uzbekistan — O‘zbekiston — artiklsiz — **Uzbekistan**O‘zbekiston — artiklsiz

Kazakhstan — Qozog‘iston — artiklsiz — **Kazakhstan**Qozog‘iston — artiklsiz

Turkey — Turkiya — artiklsiz — **Turkey**Turkiya — artiklsiz

Russia — Rossiya — artiklsiz — **Russia**Rossiya — artiklsiz

the UK — Buyuk Britaniya — the bilan — **the UK**Buyuk Britaniya — the bilan

the USA — AQSH — the bilan — **the USA**AQSH — the bilan

play football — futbol o‘ynamoq — artiklsiz — **play football**futbol o‘ynamoq — artiklsiz

have lunch — tushlik qilmoq — artiklsiz — **have lunch**tushlik qilmoq — artiklsiz

Tillar va millatlar: Uzbek va the Uzbeks

Til nomi yolg‘iz kelsa — artiklsiz: Uzbek is my native language. She teaches English. Lekin language so‘zi qo‘shilsa, the paydo bo‘ladi: the Uzbek language, the English language.

Xalq haqida ko‘plikda umumlashtirib gapirganda the ishlatiladi: The Uzbeks are famous for their hospitality. Bitta odam haqida — a/an: He is an Uzbek yoki sifat bilan He is Uzbek. Bu yerda a va an ni tanlash qoidasi a va an farqi sahifasida.

Ovqat va sport: aniq bo‘lsa, the qaytadi

Have breakfast, have lunch, have dinner — artiklsiz. Lekin aniq bir ovqat haqida gapirsangiz: The dinner at the wedding was amazing. Sifat qo‘shilsa, a paydo bo‘lishi mumkin: We had a big lunch.

Sport va o‘yinlar ham shunday: play football, play chess, watch tennis. Musiqa asboblari esa aksincha, the bilan: play the dutar, play the piano. O‘zbek o‘quvchisi uchun bu juftlik eng chalkash, shuning uchun uni alohida yodlab oling: play football — play the piano.

Dialog: sayohat rejasi

Laylo: Where are you going in summer?

Sherzod: First to Turkey, then to the Netherlands. My sister studies at university in Amsterdam.

Laylo: Nice! How will you get around there?

Sherzod: By train, mostly. And by bike — everyone rides bikes there.

Laylo: Do you speak Dutch?

Sherzod: No, only English and Russian. But people there speak English very well.

Laylo: I went to the UK last year. The weather was terrible, but I loved the museums in London.

Dialogdagi artikllarni sanang: Turkey, Amsterdam, London — artiklsiz; the Netherlands, the UK — istisno; by train, by bike — artiklsiz; the weather (o‘sha safardagi), the museums in London (aniq muzeylar) — the bilan.

Mashq: 15 ta gap

The kerakmi? Kerak bo‘lsa yozing, kerak bo‘lmasa “–” qo‘ying.

1. I was born in ______ Samarkand.
2. My cousin lives in ______ United Arab Emirates.
3. We usually have ______ dinner at 8.
4. ______ dinner we had at your house was delicious.
5. Do you play ______ chess?
6. My grandfather plays ______ dutar at weddings.
7. She is in ______ hospital with a broken leg.
8. I love ______ nature, especially mountains.
9. ______ Amu Darya flows into ______ Aral Sea.
10. Let’s go ______ home, it’s late.
11. He speaks ______ Korean very well.
12. Our office is on ______ Navoi Street.
13. ______ Netherlands is famous for flowers.
14. I usually go to ______ work by ______ metro.
15. ______ life in a big city is expensive.

Javoblar

1 — –; 2 — the; 3 — –; 4 — The; 5 — –; 6 — the; 7 — – (AmE: the); 8 — –; 9 — The, the; 10 — –; 11 — –; 12 — –; 13 — The; 14 — –, –; 15 — –.

Izohlar:

1-gap: shahar nomi — artiklsiz.
2-gap: nomda Emirates — the.
3 va 4-gaplar: umuman kechki ovqat — artiklsiz; aniq “sizning uyingizdagi” ovqat — the.
5 va 6-gaplar: o‘yin — artiklsiz, musiqa asbobi — the.
7-gap: bemor sifatida, davolanish uchun — britancha in hospital.
8-gap: umuman tabiat — artiklsiz. Especially mountains ham umumiy ko‘plik.
9-gap: daryo va dengiz nomi — the.
10-gap: go home — na artikl, na to.
11-gap: til nomi yolg‘iz — artiklsiz.
13-gap: ko‘plikdagi davlat nomi — the. Fe’l esa birlikda: is.
14-gap: go to work — vazifa; by metro — transport by bilan.
15-gap: umuman hayot — artiklsiz; the life faqat aniq kimningdir hayoti haqida: the life of Alisher Navoi.

Hamma artikllarni aralash mashq qilish uchun artikllar mashqlari sahifasiga o‘ting: u yerda a, an, the va artiklsiz holatlar matn ichida beriladi.

Ortiqcha the ni quloq bilan ushlang

The Tashkent yoki the life kabi xatolar yozuvda ko‘rinadi, gapirganda esa ularni o‘zingiz eshitmaysiz. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan sayohat, shahringiz va sevimli ovqatlaringiz haqida gaplashing: ilova ortiqcha yoki tushib qolgan artiklni belgilab, to‘g‘ri gapni ko‘rsatadi. Bugun borgan yoki bormoqchi bo‘lgan uchta davlat haqida gapiring va har birida the kerakmi, tekshiring.

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