Davlat nomi va millat so‘zi inglizchada ko‘pincha farq qiladi: Germany — Germaniya, German — nemis(cha); Japan — Yaponiya, Japanese — yapon. Ikkalasi ham doim katta harf bilan yoziladi: Uzbekistan, Uzbek. Qayerdan ekaningizni aytish uchun: I’m from Uzbekistan. I’m Uzbek.
Hozir o‘zingiz haqingizda shu ikki gapni ayting, keyin bitta qo‘shni davlat bilan takrorlang: My friend is from Kazakhstan. He’s Kazakh. Quyida 60 ta davlat mintaqalar bo‘yicha, har biri millat so‘zi va misol gap bilan. Keyin talaffuzi qiyin nomlar, the talab qiladigan davlatlar, dialog va mashq.
Qo‘shnilar va Markaziy Osiyo: 7 ta davlat
Bu yetti so‘zni eng ko‘p ishlatasiz. O‘zbekiston besh davlat bilan chegaradosh: Qozog‘iston, Qirg‘iziston, Tojikiston, Turkmaniston va Afg‘oniston.
| Davlat | O‘zbekcha | Millat, sifat | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uzbekistan | O‘zbekiston | Uzbek | Uzbek bread is round and flat. |
| Kazakhstan | Qozog‘iston | Kazakh | Our neighbours are Kazakh. |
| Kyrgyzstan | Qirg‘iziston | Kyrgyz | We went hiking in Kyrgyzstan. |
| Tajikistan | Tojikiston | Tajik | Many people in Samarkand speak Tajik too. |
| Turkmenistan | Turkmaniston | Turkmen | Turkmen carpets are famous. |
| Afghanistan | Afg‘oniston | Afghan | The bridge connects Termez with Afghanistan. |
| Russia | Rossiya | Russian | My cousin studies in Russia. |
Osiyo va Yaqin Sharq: 20 ta davlat
| Davlat | O‘zbekcha | Millat, sifat | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| China /ˈtʃaɪnə/ | Xitoy | Chinese | My phone was made in China. |
| Japan | Yaponiya | Japanese | Japanese cars are popular here. |
| South Korea | Janubiy Koreya | (South) Korean | She watches Korean dramas every night. |
| Mongolia | Mo‘g‘uliston | Mongolian | Mongolia has very cold winters. |
| India | Hindiston | Indian | We went to an Indian restaurant. |
| Pakistan | Pokiston | Pakistani | Our new colleague is Pakistani. |
| Iran /ɪˈrɑːn/ | Eron | Iranian | Iranian tea is similar to ours. |
| Turkey (rasmiy: Türkiye) | Turkiya | Turkish | Turkish Airlines flies to Tashkent. |
| Azerbaijan | Ozarbayjon | Azerbaijani | Baku is the capital of Azerbaijan. |
| Georgia | Gruziya | Georgian | Georgian food is very tasty. |
| Saudi Arabia | Saudiya Arabistoni | Saudi | They flew to Saudi Arabia for umrah. |
| the United Arab Emirates (the UAE) | BAA | Emirati | He works in a hotel in the UAE. |
| Qatar /ˈkʌtɑː/ | Qatar | Qatari | The 2022 World Cup was in Qatar. |
| Oman | Ummon | Omani | Oman is famous for its beaches. |
| Iraq /ɪˈrɑːk/ | Iroq | Iraqi | Baghdad is the capital of Iraq. |
| Malaysia | Malayziya | Malaysian | My cousin studies in Malaysia. |
| Indonesia | Indoneziya | Indonesian | Indonesia has thousands of islands. |
| Thailand /ˈtaɪlænd/ | Tailand | Thai | Thai food is often spicy. |
| Vietnam | Vyetnam | Vietnamese | Vietnamese coffee is very strong. |
| Egypt /ˈiːdʒɪpt/ | Misr | Egyptian | We saw the pyramids in Egypt. |
Yevropa: 20 ta davlat
| Davlat | O‘zbekcha | Millat, sifat | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| the United Kingdom (the UK) | Buyuk Britaniya | British | He got a scholarship to study in the UK. |
| Ireland | Irlandiya | Irish | Irish English sounds different. |
| France | Fransiya | French | French bread is long and thin. |
| Germany /ˈdʒɜːməni/ | Germaniya | German | She’s learning German for her new job. |
| Italy /ˈɪtəli/ | Italiya | Italian | Italian pizza is thin. |
| Spain | Ispaniya | Spanish | Barcelona is a Spanish city. |
| Portugal | Portugaliya | Portuguese | Ronaldo is Portuguese. |
| the Netherlands | Niderlandiya | Dutch | Dutch people ride bikes everywhere. |
| Belgium | Belgiya | Belgian | Belgian chocolate is famous. |
| Switzerland | Shveytsariya | Swiss | She bought a Swiss watch. |
| Austria | Avstriya | Austrian | Vienna is the capital of Austria. |
| Poland | Polsha | Polish | Warsaw is the capital of Poland. |
| the Czech Republic (Czechia) | Chexiya | Czech | Prague is a Czech city. |
| Hungary /ˈhʌŋɡəri/ | Vengriya | Hungarian | He studies medicine in Hungary. |
| Ukraine | Ukraina | Ukrainian | My neighbour speaks Ukrainian. |
| Belarus | Belarus | Belarusian | Minsk is in Belarus. |
| Greece | Gretsiya | Greek | Greek salad has feta cheese. |
| Sweden | Shvetsiya | Swedish | IKEA was founded in Sweden. |
| Norway | Norvegiya | Norwegian | Norway is very expensive. |
| Finland | Finlandiya | Finnish | Finland has long, dark winters. |
Amerika, Afrika va Okeaniya: 13 ta davlat
| Davlat | O‘zbekcha | Millat, sifat | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| the United States (the USA) | AQSH | American | She has an American accent. |
| Canada /ˈkænədə/ | Kanada | Canadian /kəˈneɪdiən/ | Canadian winters are long. |
| Mexico | Meksika | Mexican | Mexican food uses a lot of beans. |
| Brazil | Braziliya | Brazilian | Brazilian football is famous. |
| Argentina | Argentina | Argentinian | Messi is Argentinian. |
| Chile | Chili | Chilean | Chile is a long, narrow country. |
| Colombia | Kolumbiya | Colombian | Colombian coffee is popular. |
| Morocco | Marokash | Moroccan | Moroccan mint tea is sweet. |
| Nigeria | Nigeriya | Nigerian | English is an official language in Nigeria. |
| South Africa | Janubiy Afrika | South African | Cape Town is in South Africa. |
| Kenya | Keniya | Kenyan | Kenyan runners often win marathons. |
| Australia /ɒˈstreɪliə/ | Avstraliya | Australian | In Australia, summer starts in December. |
| New Zealand | Yangi Zelandiya | New Zealand (odam: a New Zealander) | My teacher is a New Zealander. |
Diqqat: Colombia (davlat) o-bilan, Columbia (AQSHdagi universitet) u-bilan yoziladi. Chile davlat, chilli achchiq qalampir. Turkey so‘zi kurka degani ham bo‘lgani uchun davlat 2022-yilda BMTda rasmiy nomini Türkiye deb o‘zgartirgan; kundalik nutqda Turkey ham ishlatilaveradi.
Talaffuzi qiyin 10 ta nom
O‘zbekcha nom inglizcha talaffuzga xalaqit beradi, chunki urg‘u va unlilar boshqa.
- Germany — “JÖ-məni”, “GER-maniya” emas; birinchi tovush j.
- Italy — “I-təli”, urg‘u boshda. Lekin Italian — “i-TA-liən”.
- Japan — “jə-PEN”; Japanese — “je-pə-NIIZ”, urg‘u oxirida.
- China — “CHAY-nə”; “Kitay” yoki “Xitoy” deb aytmang.
- Egypt — “II-jipt”, g “j” o‘qiladi.
- Canada — “KE-nədə”, Canadian — “kə-NEY-diən”: urg‘u ko‘chadi.
- Europe — “YUə-rəp”, “Yevropa” emas.
- Australia — “o-STREY-liə”.
- Iraq, Iran — “i-RAAK”, “i-RAAN”; “ay-ran” deyilmaydi.
- Uzbekistan — “uz-BE-ki-staan” yoki “uz-be-ki-STAAN”; ikkalasi ham eshitiladi, lekin “stan”dagi a cho‘ziq.
Shahar nomlari (Samarkand, Tashkent) va urg‘u mashqlari davlat nomlari talaffuzi sahifasida.
The bilan keladigan davlatlar va katta harf
Ko‘p davlat nomi artiklsiz: I’m from Uzbekistan, He lives in Germany. The faqat nomida States, Kingdom, Republic, Emirates kabi so‘z yoki ko‘plik bo‘lganda keladi:
- the USA, the UK, the UAE, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands, the Philippines, the Maldives.
- I’m from the Uzbekistan — xato; I’m from Uzbekistan — to‘g‘ri.
Batafsil qoida the artikli qachon ishlatilmaydi sahifasida.
Katta harf: o‘zbek tilida millat nomi kichik harf bilan yoziladi (o‘zbek, rus), inglizchada esa doim katta: Uzbek, Russian, English, hatto sifat bo‘lganda ham: a Japanese car, Italian food. I like english — xato; I like English — to‘g‘ri.
“Qayerdansiz?”: savol va javoblar
| Savol | Javob namunasi |
|---|---|
| Where are you from? | I’m from Uzbekistan, from Tashkent. |
| Which part of Uzbekistan? | From the Fergana Valley, a city called Namangan. |
| Where do you live now? | I live in Seoul, but I’m from Samarkand. |
| What’s your nationality? (rasmiy, anketada) | I’m Uzbek. / Uzbek. |
| Have you ever been to Italy? | No, I haven’t, but I’d love to go. |
| Which countries have you visited? | I’ve been to Turkey, Kazakhstan and the UAE. |
What’s your nationality? savolini suhbatda kam berishadi, u ko‘proq anketa savoli. Tanishuvda Where are you from? tabiiyroq. Suhbatni davom ettirish iboralari ingliz tilida tanishuv sahifasida.
Dialog: yozgi maktabda tanishuv
Maria: Hi, I’m Maria. Where are you from?
Otabek: I’m from Uzbekistan. And you?
Maria: I’m from Brazil, from São Paulo. Uzbekistan is in Central Asia, right?
Otabek: Yes, between Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Afghanistan are our neighbours too.
Maria: Wow, five neighbours! So what language do you speak? Uzbekistani?
Otabek: No, we say Uzbek. The country is Uzbekistan, the people and the language are Uzbek. Many people speak Russian too.
Maria: Got it. Have you ever been to South America?
Otabek: Not yet. The furthest I’ve been is the UAE. Brazil is on my list!
Millat va til so‘zlarining farqi (Brazilian odam, lekin Portuguese til) millatlar va tillar inglizcha sahifasida alohida tushuntirilgan.
Mashq: davlat, millat va artikl
A. Millat so‘zini yozing.
- 1. Germany → ___
- 2. the Netherlands → ___
- 3. Switzerland → ___
- 4. Kyrgyzstan → ___
- 5. Thailand → ___
- 6. Greece → ___
B. Kerak bo‘lsa, the qo‘ying.
- 7. My brother works in ___ UAE.
- 8. She’s from ___ Japan.
- 9. They studied in ___ United Kingdom.
C. Xatoni tuzating.
- 10. I am from uzbekistan.
- 11. My friend is from Turkish.
- 12. He is Uzbekistan.
Javoblar
1 — German; 2 — Dutch; 3 — Swiss; 4 — Kyrgyz; 5 — Thai; 6 — Greek. 7 — the UAE; 8 — artiklsiz (Japan); 9 — the United Kingdom. 10 — I am from Uzbekistan. 11 — My friend is from Turkey. yoki My friend is Turkish. 12 — He is Uzbek. yoki He is from Uzbekistan.
Davlatlar haqida Bandi bilan gaplashing
BandMate ilovasida Bandiga qaysi davlatlarda bo‘lganingiz yoki qayerga borishni orzu qilayotganingizni aytib bering. Bandi Why do you want to go there? kabi savollar beradi, siz esa davlat va millat so‘zlarini to‘g‘ri juftlikda ishlatasiz. Germany yoki Egypt talaffuzida urg‘u noto‘g‘ri tushsa, ilova izoh beradi. O‘zingizning yurtingizni tanishtirish uchun O‘zbekiston haqida inglizcha sahifasini oching.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
