Bayram inglizcha holiday, dam olish beriladigan rasmiy bayram — public holiday. Eng ko‘p kerak bo‘ladigan nomlar: New Year (Yangi yil), Navruz, Eid (Hayit), Independence Day (Mustaqillik kuni), Teachers’ Day (O‘qituvchilar kuni). Tabrik qolipi bitta: Happy + bayram nomi — Happy New Year! Happy Independence Day! Hayitda esa ko‘pincha Eid Mubarak! deyiladi.
Hozir o‘zingiz eng yaxshi ko‘rgan bayram haqida bitta gap tuzing: My favourite holiday is Navruz because we visit all our relatives. Quyida O‘zbekistondagi rasmiy bayramlar jadvali, dunyo bayramlari, bayram fe’llari, predloglar, namuna matn, dialog va mashq.
O‘zbekistondagi ishlanmaydigan bayramlar
Mehnat kodeksiga ko‘ra quyidagi kunlar ishlanmaydigan bayram kunlari. Inglizcha nomlari rasmiy tarjimalarda biroz farq qilishi mumkin, jadvalda eng tushunarli variant berilgan.
| Sana | O‘zbekcha | Inglizcha | Tabrik |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 January | Yangi yil | New Year’s Day | Happy New Year! |
| 8 March | Xalqaro xotin-qizlar kuni | International Women’s Day | Happy Women’s Day! |
| 21 March | Navro‘z | Navruz | Happy Navruz! |
| 9 May | Xotira va qadrlash kuni | Day of Remembrance and Honour | tabrik emas, xotira kuni |
| 1 September | Mustaqillik kuni | Independence Day | Happy Independence Day! |
| 1 October | O‘qituvchi va murabbiylar kuni | Teachers’ and Mentors’ Day | Happy Teachers’ Day! |
| 8 December | Konstitutsiya kuni | Constitution Day | Happy Constitution Day! |
| har yili boshqa sana | Ramazon hayiti | Eid al-Fitr | Eid Mubarak! / Happy Eid! |
| har yili boshqa sana | Qurbon hayiti | Eid al-Adha | Eid Mubarak! / Happy Eid! |
Diqqat: 9-may — urushda halok bo‘lganlarni eslash kuni. Bu kunga Happy… demaysiz; We remember those who died in the war yoki We visit our veterans kabi gaplar mos. Hayitlar hijriy taqvim bo‘yicha har yili taxminan 10–11 kun ertaroq keladi, aniq sana har yili rasmiy e’lon qilinadi. Bayram dam olish kuniga to‘g‘ri kelsa, dam olish keyingi ish kuniga ko‘chiriladi, qo‘shimcha dam olish kunlari esa odatda har yili alohida qaror bilan belgilanadi.
Eid — “iid”; Mubarak — “mu-BAA-rək”. Eid al-Fitr — “iid al-FIT-ə”, Eid al-Adha — “iid al-AD-hə”. Hayitni chet ellikka tushuntirish va xabar namunalari hayit tabriklari inglizcha sahifasida.
Dunyo bayramlari: 12 ta nom
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| Christmas /ˈkrɪsməs/ | Rojdestvo | Christmas is on 25 December in most Western countries. |
| Christmas Eve | Rojdestvo arafasi | Families have a big dinner on Christmas Eve. |
| Boxing Day | Boxing Day (26-dekabr, Britaniya) | In the UK, Boxing Day is a public holiday. |
| New Year’s Eve | Yangi yil kechasi, 31-dekabr | We watch the fireworks on New Year’s Eve. |
| Easter /ˈiːstə/ | Pasxa | Children paint eggs at Easter. |
| Valentine’s Day | Sevishganlar kuni | He gave her flowers on Valentine’s Day. |
| Mother’s Day | Onalar kuni | In the UK, Mother’s Day is in spring. |
| Halloween | Xellouin | Kids dress up as monsters on Halloween. |
| Thanksgiving | Shukronalik kuni (AQSH) | Americans eat turkey at Thanksgiving. |
| Lunar New Year | Xitoy (Oy) Yangi yili | Lunar New Year is the biggest holiday in China. |
| Diwali | Divali (Hindiston) | Diwali is the festival of lights. |
| April Fools’ Day | 1-aprel, hazil kuni | My brother told me a fake story on April Fools’ Day. |
Christmasda t o‘qilmaydi: “KRIS-məs”. Merry Christmas! va Happy Christmas! ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri, birinchisi keng tarqalgan. Kimning bayrami ekanini bilmasangiz, betaraf ibora: Happy holidays! yoki Season’s greetings!
Bayram fe’llari va so‘zlari: 14 ta
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| celebrate | nishonlamoq | How do you celebrate New Year? |
| a day off | dam olish kuni | We have a day off on 1 September. |
| a long weekend | uzaytirilgan dam olish | It’s a long weekend, so we’re going to the mountains. |
| decorate | bezatmoq | We decorate the house with balloons. |
| set the table | dasturxon yozmoq | My mum sets the table early in the morning. |
| visit relatives | qarindoshlarni yo‘qlamoq | On Eid we visit relatives and neighbours. |
| give presents | sovg‘a bermoq | We give presents to our teachers. |
| fast | ro‘za tutmoq | My parents fast during Ramadan. |
| break the fast (iftar) | iftorlik qilmoq | We break the fast together at sunset. |
| watch the fireworks | salyut ko‘rmoq | Thousands of people watch the fireworks in the city centre. |
| a concert | konsert | There’s a free concert on Independence Day. |
| congratulate | tabriklamoq | I called my aunt to congratulate her. |
| invite | taklif qilmoq | They invited us for plov on the holiday. |
| a tradition | an’ana | Visiting the elderly is an important tradition. |
On, at, for: bayram bilan predloglar
- on + aniq kun: on 1 September, on Independence Day, on Christmas Day, on New Year’s Eve.
- at + bayram davri (Britaniya): at New Year, at Christmas, at Easter.
- during + uzun davr: during Ramadan, during the holidays.
- for + “bayram uchun”: What are you doing for Eid? We bought new clothes for Navruz.
Bayram nomlari doim katta harf bilan: Independence Day, Navruz, Eid. Holiday so‘zining o‘zi esa kichik harf bilan. Britaniyada holiday ta’til ma’nosida ham ishlatiladi (We’re on holiday in Turkey), Amerikada ta’til — vacation.
Bayram haqida gapirish: namuna matn (A2–B1)
Savol: What’s the most important holiday in your country?
In Uzbekistan one of the most important holidays is Ramazon Hayit, or Eid al-Fitr. It comes at the end of Ramadan, the month when many people fast from sunrise to sunset. The day before Eid, families clean the house and cook a lot of food. On the morning of Eid, men go to the mosque for a special prayer. After that, we visit our grandparents, older relatives and neighbours, and we also visit families who have lost someone during the year. Every home has a table full of sweets, fruit and plov, so by the evening you can’t eat anything more! My favourite part is seeing all my cousins together.
Qolip: nima (It comes at the end of…) → oldin nima qilinadi (The day before…) → bayram kuni (On the morning of…) → shaxsiy fikr (My favourite part is…). Shu qolip bilan istalgan bayramni tasvirlaysiz. Navro‘z uchun tayyor lug‘at Navro‘z haqida inglizcha sahifasida, Mustaqillik kuni uchun uch darajadagi matnlar Mustaqillik kuni haqida ingliz tilida sahifasida.
Dialog: chet ellik hamkasb dam olish kunlarini so‘raydi
Anna: Is the office open next Monday?
Sherzod: No, it’s 1 September, Independence Day. It’s a public holiday.
Anna: Oh, nice. What do people do?
Sherzod: There are concerts and fireworks in the evening. Many families just have a big meal together.
Anna: And the holiday in October, is that a day off too?
Sherzod: Yes, 1 October is Teachers’ and Mentors’ Day. Students bring flowers to their teachers.
Anna: How do I congratulate a teacher? “Congratulations on Teachers’ Day”?
Sherzod: You can, but “Happy Teachers’ Day!” sounds more natural.
“Congratulations” qachon kerak emas: tipik xatolar
Ruscha “Поздравляю с праздником” ta’sirida bayram tabrigini Congratulations bilan boshlash eng ko‘p uchraydigan xato. Inglizcha Congratulations — yutuq uchun: to‘y, imtihon, yangi ish. Bayram uchun — Happy…
| Xato | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|
| Congratulations with New Year! | Happy New Year! |
| I congratulate you with holiday. | Happy holidays! / Have a great holiday! |
| in 1 September | on 1 September |
| Happy independence day! | Happy Independence Day! |
| We celebrate Eid in family. | We celebrate Eid with our family. |
| Happy 9 May! | Today we remember the people who died in the war. |
Bayramni IELTS Speaking’da tasvirlash kerak bo‘lsa, IELTS Speaking holidays sahifasidagi 10 ta savol-javob bilan mashq qiling.
Mashq: bayram, tabrik va predlog
A. Bayramni toping.
- 1. 1 September in Uzbekistan.
- 2. The holiday at the end of Ramadan.
- 3. 25 December in many Western countries.
- 4. The day when Uzbek students give flowers to their teachers.
- 5. The spring holiday on 21 March.
B. Predlog qo‘ying: on, at, during, for.
- 6. We don’t eat in the daytime ___ Ramadan.
- 7. What are you cooking ___ Eid?
- 8. The fireworks start at nine ___ Independence Day.
C. Tabrikni to‘g‘rilang.
- 9. Congratulations with Women’s Day!
- 10. I wish you happy new year.
Javoblar
1 — Independence Day; 2 — Eid al-Fitr (Ramazon Hayit); 3 — Christmas; 4 — Teachers’ and Mentors’ Day; 5 — Navruz. 6 — during; 7 — for; 8 — on. 9 — Happy Women’s Day! 10 — I wish you a happy New Year! yoki Happy New Year!
Sevimli bayramingizni Bandi bilan muhokama qiling
BandMate ilovasida Bandiga sevimli bayramingizni namuna matndagi to‘rt bosqichli qolip bilan tasvirlab bering. Bandi What do you usually eat? yoki Who do you visit? kabi savollar beradi. Congratulations with yoki kichik harfli bayram nomlari kabi xatolar bo‘lsa, ilova to‘g‘ri variantni ko‘rsatadi.
Manbalar
- O‘zbekiston Respublikasining Mehnat kodeksi (lex.uz)
- Gazeta.uz: bayram sanasi dam olish kuniga to‘g‘ri kelsa (Mehnat kodeksi bo‘yicha ishlanmaydigan kunlar)
