Ingliz tilida savolning ohangi uning turiga bog‘liq. Yes/no savolda ohang oxirgi urg‘uli so‘zdan boshlab ko‘tariladi ↗: Are you from SAmarkand ↗? Wh-savolda (what, where, why…) ohang pasayadi ↘: Where do you LIVE ↘? Tag question da ohang ma’noni hal qiladi: ↘ — “rozimisiz?”, ↗ — “rostdan bilmayman”. Tanlov savolida (tea or coffee) birinchi variant ↗, oxirgisi ↘.
Belgilar: ↗ ko‘tariluvchi ohang, ↘ pasayuvchi ohang, KATTA HARF — ohang o‘zgaradigan urg‘uli bo‘g‘in.
Umumiy rasm intonatsiya va urg‘u sahifasida berilgan. Bu sahifa faqat savollarga bag‘ishlangan: qoidadan chetga chiqadigan holatlar, ikki ma’noli savollar va ularni qanday eshitish.
O‘zbek va rus tilidan nima ko‘chadi
O‘zbek tilida yes/no savolni asosan -mi yuklamasi bildiradi: Samarqanddanmisiz? Savol ekanini grammatika ko‘rsatgani uchun ohangga kamroq yuk tushadi. Ingliz tilida esa You’re from Samarkand va You’re from Samarkand? gaplarini faqat ohang ajratadi. So‘z tartibi bilan tuzilgan savolda ham ohang muhim: ↘ bilan aytilgan Are you coming? talab yoki norozilikdek eshitilishi mumkin.
Rus tilida yes/no savolda ohang savol tushgan so‘zda keskin ko‘tariladi va darhol pastga tushadi: Ты был в ТашкЕнте? Bu odat inglizchaga ko‘chsa, savolning oxiri pasayib ketadi va ingliz qulog‘iga darak gap yoki qat’iy so‘roqqa o‘xshaydi. Inglizchada ko‘tarilish oxirgi urg‘uli bo‘g‘indan boshlanib, gap oxirigacha davom etadi: Have you been to TASHkent ↗ — -kent ham baland qoladi.
1. Yes/no savollar
| Savol | Ohang | Ma’no |
|---|---|---|
| Is this seat TAken ↗? | ↗ | oddiy, muloyim savol |
| Would you like some TEA ↗? | ↗ | taklif |
| Do you speak ENGlish ↗? | ↗ | haqiqatan bilmoqchisiz |
| Did you lock the DOOR ↘? | ↘ | tekshiruv, biroz talabchan |
| Are you LIStening to me ↘? | ↘ | norozilik |
Qoida: odatiy yes/no savol ↗. Pasayuvchi ohang ham to‘g‘ri, lekin u rasmiy, ishbilarmon yoki bosim bilan so‘ralgandek eshitiladi. Notanish odamga, do‘kon yoki ofisda ↗ xavfsizroq.
2. Wh-savollar
| Savol | Ohang | Ma’no |
|---|---|---|
| Where do you WORK ↘? | ↘ | oddiy savol |
| What time does the metro CLOSE ↘? | ↘ | ma’lumot so‘rash |
| What’s your NAME ↗? | ↗ | yumshoq, samimiy (bolaga, mijozga) |
| Sorry, WHERE ↗? | ↗ | eshitmadingiz, qayta so‘rayapsiz |
| You paid HOW much ↗? | ↗ | hayrat, ishonmaslik |
Odatiy wh-savol ↘. O‘zbek o‘rganuvchilar ko‘pincha barcha savollarni ↗ bilan tugatadi, chunki “savol = ko‘tariluvchi ohang” deb o‘rgangan. Natijada Where do you work ↗? hayron bo‘lib qayta so‘rayotgandek eshitiladi. Wh-savollarni tuzish qoidalari uchun wh-questions sahifasiga qarang.
3. Darak gap shaklidagi savol
Og‘zaki nutqda so‘z tartibini o‘zgartirmasdan faqat ohang bilan savol beriladi:
- You’re from SAmarkand ↗? — Samarqanddanmisiz? (ajablanib yoki aniqlashtirib)
- You’ve already FInished ↗? — Tugatib bo‘ldingizmi?
- The shop’s CLOSED ↗? — Do‘kon yopiqmi?
Bu savollar suhbatda tabiiy, lekin imtihon yozuvida va rasmiy vaziyatda to‘liq savol shakli kerak: Are you from Samarkand? To‘liq savol qanday tuziladi — savol tuzish qoidalari.
4. Tanlov savoli: bir xil so‘zlar, ikki ma’no
Bu eng qiziq holat. Bir xil gap ohangga qarab ikki xil savol bo‘ladi:
| Ohang | Ma’no | Javob |
|---|---|---|
| Would you like TEA ↗ or COFfee ↘? | Ikkitadan birini tanlang | Tea, please. |
| Would you like tea or COFfee ↗? | Biror ichimlik xohlaysizmi? (choy, kofe yoki boshqa) | Yes, please. / No, thanks. |
Birinchi variantda tanlov yopiq: oxirgi element ↘ “boshqa variant yo‘q” deydi. Ikkinchisida tea or coffee bitta blok, butun gap oddiy yes/no savol. Mehmonga kelganingizda mezbon Tea or coffee ↗? desa, Tea deb javob berish ham xato emas, lekin ohangni tanisangiz, savolni aniqroq tushunasiz.
5. Tag questions: ohang ma’noni tanlaydi
Tag question — gap oxiridagi qisqa savol: It’s cold today, isn’t it? Tuzilish qoidalari tag questions qoidasi sahifasida. Bu yerda ohangga to‘xtalamiz:
| Gap | Ohang | Nimani bildiradi |
|---|---|---|
| The exam was hard, WASn’t it ↘? | ↘ | Men ishonchim komil, rozi bo‘lishingizni kutaman |
| The exam is on MONday, ISn’t it ↗? | ↗ | Aniq bilmayman, tekshiryapman |
| You haven’t seen my keys, HAVE you ↗? | ↗ | Muloyim so‘rash, javobni rostdan bilmayman |
| So you’re moving to Seoul, ARE you ↗? | ↗ | Bir xil qutbli tag: qiziqish yoki hayrat |
Tagning o‘zi ham urg‘uli: ohang aynan WASn’t, ISn’t, HAVE da o‘zgaradi. Pasayuvchi tag deyarli savol emas, u suhbatni davom ettirish usuli. Shuning uchun Nice weather, isn’t it ↘? ga uzun javob kutilmaydi: Yes, lovely! yetarli.
Maxsus shakllar va odatiy ohangi:
- I’m late, AREn’t I ↘? (amn’t emas)
- Let’s go, SHALL we ↗? — taklif
- Close the window, WILL you ↘? — iltimos, biroz buyruqdek
- Nobody called, DID they ↗? — nobody inkor ma’noli, shuning uchun tag tasdiq
6. Ro‘yxat ohangi
Ro‘yxatda har element ↗, oxirgisi ↘ — “ro‘yxat tugadi” degan signal:
- I need BREAD ↗, MILK ↗, and EGGS ↘.
Oxirgi element ham ↗ bo‘lsa, ro‘yxat ochiq qoladi, “va hokazo” ma’nosi chiqadi:
- We visited Samarkand ↗, Bukhara ↗, Khiva ↗… — yana joylar bor edi.
Savol ichida ro‘yxat yuqoridagi tanlov savoli qoidasiga bo‘ysunadi: Do you want the red one ↗, the blue one ↗ or the black one ↘? — uchtadan biri.
7. Bilvosita va muloyim savollar
Could you tell me…, Do you know… bilan boshlangan savolda butun gapning ramkasi yes/no savol, shuning uchun oxiri odatda ↗:
- Could you tell me where the STAtion is ↗?
- Do you know what TIME it is ↗?
Ichki savol (where the station is) so‘z tartibi darak gapdagidek. Batafsil: indirect questions.
Dialog: metro bekatida
Belgilar bo‘yicha ovoz chiqarib o‘qing.
A: Excuse me, is this the train to CHORsu ↗?
B: No, you need the OTHer platform ↘.
A: Oh. Which WAY is it ↘?
B: Down the STAIRS ↗, then turn LEFT ↘. Are you in a HURry ↗?
A: A bit. The next train comes in five MInutes, doesn’t it ↗?
B: I think SO ↘. You’ll make it, won’t you ↘?
A: I HOPE so ↘. Thanks a LOT ↘!
A ning ikkinchi tag questioni ↗: u poyezd vaqtini aniq bilmaydi. B ning won’t you ↘ esa dalda: javob kutmaydi.
Yozib olib solishtirish
- 1. Urg‘uni aniqlang. Ohang urg‘uli bo‘g‘indan boshlanadi. Gapdagi uzun so‘zlarning urg‘usini Cambridge Dictionary yoki Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries audiosida tekshiring: toMORrow, exPENsive, PLATform.
- 2. Juft yozing. Bir xil gapni ikki ohangda yozib oling: You’re coming tomorrow ↘. / You’re coming tomorrow ↗? Keyin Tea ↗ or coffee ↘? / Tea or coffee ↗?
- 3. Ko‘r test. Yozuvlarni aralash tartibda do‘stingizga eshittiring. U qaysi biri savol, qaysi biri darak ekanini topa oldimi? Topa olmasa, ohang farqini kattalashtiring.
- 4. Ko‘rib tekshiring (ixtiyoriy). Bepul Praat dasturida yozuvni ochsangiz, ohang chizig‘ini grafik sifatida ko‘rasiz: ↗ da chiziq oxirida yuqoriga ketadi.
- 5. Dialogni yozing. Yuqoridagi metro dialogini ikki rolda yozib oling va belgilar bilan solishtiring.
Mashq: ↗ yoki ↘?
- 1. Do you have a pen?
- 2. Where’s the nearest pharmacy?
- 3. (Ikki variantdan birini so‘rayapsiz) Is it Tuesday or Wednesday today?
- 4. (Umuman ichimlik taklif qilyapsiz) Would you like juice or water?
- 5. (Ishonchingiz komil) It’s a beautiful city, isn’t it?
- 6. (Aniq bilmaysiz) The lesson starts at nine, doesn’t it?
- 7. (Eshitmay qoldingiz) Sorry, what time?
- 8. What do you do?
- 9. I bought apples, grapes and melons.
- 10. Could you tell me how much it costs?
- 11. Let’s have lunch, shall we?
- 12. (Hayron bo‘ldingiz) You walked here from Yunusobod?
Javoblar
1 — ↗ (yes/no). 2 — ↘ (wh). 3 — Tuesday ↗, Wednesday ↘ (yopiq tanlov). 4 — butun gap ↗, water da ko‘tariladi (yes/no ma’nosi). 5 — ↘. 6 — ↗. 7 — ↗ (qayta so‘rash). 8 — ↘. 9 — apples ↗, grapes ↗, melons ↘. 10 — ↗ (bilvosita savol, ramka yes/no). 11 — ↗. 12 — ↗ (darak shaklidagi savol).
3 va 4-savollar bir xil ko‘rinadi, lekin ohang har xil — bu farqni his qilsangiz, savol intonatsiyasining eng nozik qismini o‘zlashtirdingiz.
BandMate bilan mashq
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan suhbatda siz ham savol berasiz: uning kuni, sevimli taomi yoki shahri haqida. Har savolni berishdan oldin uning turini aniqlang (yes/no, wh, tag) va ohangni shunga moslang. Suhbatdan keyin talaffuz bo‘yicha fikr olasiz; ilova ohangning har bir nozik jihatini baholamasligi mumkin, shuning uchun juft yozuv tartibini ham davom ettiring.
Manbalar
- Cambridge Dictionary — so‘z urg‘usi va UK/US audio.
- Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries — British va North American talaffuz.
- Praat — Amsterdam universiteti fonetika dasturi, ohang chizig‘ini ko‘rish uchun.
