Egalik ’s qoidasi: Aziz’s, parents’ va of farqi, mashq

Narsa kimga tegishli ekanini aytish uchun egaga ’s qo‘shiladi va undan keyin narsa keladi: Aziz’s phone — Azizning telefoni. Ega ko‘plikda bo‘lib, -s bilan tugasa, faqat apostrof qo‘yiladi: my parents’ flat — ota-onamning kvartirasi. Children, men, women, people kabi so‘zlar esa to‘liq ’s oladi: children’s toys.

Narsa va uning qismi haqida gapirganda odatda of ishlatiladi: the end of the film (filmning oxiri), the roof of the house. Qisqa qoida: odam va hayvon — ’s, narsa — of yoki ikki ot yonma-yon (the car door).

O‘zbekcha -ning va inglizcha ’s: tartib bir xil

Bu mavzu o‘zbek o‘quvchisi uchun qulay: so‘z tartibi o‘zbekchadagidek. Avval ega, keyin narsa.

O‘zbekcha	Inglizcha	Qanday qurildi
Azizning telefoni	Aziz’s phone	ega + ’s + narsa
opamning eri	my sister’s husband	my sister + ’s
o‘qituvchining xonasi	the teacher’s room	birlik ot
o‘qituvchilarning xonasi	the teachers’ room	ko‘plik ot, faqat ’
bolalarning o‘yinchoqlari	the children’s toys	children + ’s
Aziz va Malikaning to‘yi	Aziz and Malika’s wedding	umumiy narsa — oxirgi ismga ’s
Azizning va Malikaning telefonlari	Aziz’s and Malika’s phones	har birining o‘z narsasi

Rus tilida tartib teskari (телефон Азиза), shuning uchun ruscha orqali o‘rgangan o‘quvchilar ba’zan the phone of Aziz deb yozadi. Bu grammatik jihatdan tushunarli, lekin odamlar haqida g‘ayritabiiy eshitiladi. O‘zbekcha tartibga ishoning: Azizning telefoni → Aziz’s phone.

Oxirgi ikki qatorga e’tibor bering. To‘y bitta va ikkalasiniki, shuning uchun ’s faqat oxirgi ismga qo‘shiladi. Telefonlar esa alohida, shuning uchun har bir ism ’s oladi.

Apostrof qayerda: boy’s, boys’ va boys

Og‘zaki nutqda bu uch shakl bir xil eshitiladi, yozuvda esa ma’nosi farq qiladi:

Yozilishi	Ma’nosi	Misol
the boy’s ball	bitta bolaning to‘pi	The boy’s ball is in the neighbour’s garden.
the boys’ ball	bir necha bolaning umumiy to‘pi	The boys’ ball is new; they bought it together.
the boys	bolalar (egalik yo‘q)	The boys are playing football.

Oddiy ko‘plikda apostrof qo‘yilmaydi. Do‘kon peshtaxtalarida Tomato’s yoki Apple’s degan yozuvlarni ko‘rishingiz mumkin, ular xato: tomatoes, apples.

S bilan tugaydigan ism va familiyalarda ikki variant qabul qilingan: James’s car va James’ car. Aziz esa z bilan tugaydi, shuning uchun oddiy Aziz’s.

Talaffuz ko‘plik qo‘shimchasi bilan bir xil: Mark’s va Kate’s oxirida /s/, Malika’s va Dilshod’s oxirida /z/, Aziz’s va George’s da esa /ɪz/ eshitiladi, ya’ni so‘zga bitta bo‘g‘in qo‘shiladi: “A-zi-ziz”. Qolgan qoidalar s qo‘shimchasi talaffuzi sahifasida.

Rasmlarda: kimning narsasi

Grandma’s bread — buvimning noni — **Grandma’s bread**buvimning noni

Grandpa’s walking stick — bobomning hassasi — **Grandpa’s walking stick**bobomning hassasi

the baby’s cot — chaqaloqning karavotchasi — **the baby’s cot**chaqaloqning karavotchasi

the boy’s father — bolaning otasi — **the boy’s father**bolaning otasi

my brother’s headphones — akamning quloqchinlari — **my brother’s headphones**akamning quloqchinlari

Of qachon kerak: narsalar, qismlar, uzun ega

Holat	Shakl	Misol
odam, hayvon	’s	my cousin’s car, the cat’s bowl
narsaning qismi	of	the roof of the house, the top of the page, the end of the lesson
joy va tashkilot	’s yoki of	Tashkent’s metro / the metro of Tashkent, the company’s office
vaqt	’s	today’s news, next week’s exam, two weeks’ holiday
juda uzun ega	of	the phone of the woman who sat next to me
oddiy tur, belgi	ot + ot	the car key, the kitchen door, a school bag

The car’s key deyish shart emas: narsalar orasidagi oddiy bog‘lanish uchun ikki ot yonma-yon qo‘yiladi va birinchisi sifat vazifasini bajaradi. The key of the car esa og‘ir eshitiladi. Shuning uchun uch variantdan eng tabiiysi — the car key.

Buvimnikida — at my grandma’s: otsiz ’s

O‘zbekchada -niki qo‘shimchasi bor: Bu kitob Azizniki. Buvimnikida qoldik. Inglizchada bu ma’noni ’s ning o‘zi, ortidan ot kelmasdan beradi:

This book is Aziz’s. — Bu kitob Azizniki.
We stayed at my grandma’s. — Buvimnikida qoldik (= buvimning uyida).
I’m at the doctor’s. — Shifokor qabulidaman.
She’s at the hairdresser’s. — U sartaroshxonada.
— Whose scarf is this? — It’s Malika’s. — Bu kimning ro‘moli? — Malikaniki.

Whose savoli va who’s (who is) bilan farqi who, whom va whose sahifasida. My, your, his va mine, yours, his kabi egalik olmoshlari egalik olmoshlari sahifasida.

To‘ydan keyin: kimniki? Dialog

To‘y tugadi, zalda bir nechta narsa qolib ketgan. Nodira va uning xolasi ularni yig‘ishtirmoqda.

Nodira: Whose scarf is this? The blue one.

Xola: I think it’s Malika’s. She wore it at the ceremony.

Nodira: And these small shoes?

Xola: They’re the children’s. Your cousin’s kids took them off to dance.

Nodira: There’s also a phone on the table near the door.

Xola: That’s my brother-in-law’s. He always forgets it.

Nodira: OK, I’ll put everything in the car. Are we going to Grandma’s now?

Xola: Yes, everyone’s meeting at her place.

Oxirgi gapdagi everyone’s esa egalik emas, everyone is ning qisqa shakli. Bu haqda keyingi bo‘limda.

’s ning boshqa ma’nolari: is, has va its

Bir xil ’s uch xil vazifada keladi. Ularni ortidagi so‘z ajratadi:

Gap	’s nima	Tarjima
Aziz’s car is new.	egalik	Azizning mashinasi yangi.
Aziz’s tall.	is	Aziz baland bo‘yli.
Aziz’s got two sisters.	has	Azizning ikki opasi bor.

Its va it’s eng ko‘p aralashtiriladigan juftlik. Its — egalik olmoshi, apostrofsiz: The cat is eating its food. It’s — it is yoki it has: It’s cold today. Tekshirish usuli: gapga it is qo‘yib ko‘ring. Ma’no saqlansa — it’s, buzilsa — its.

Aziz phone, my parent’s house: egalik xatolari

Noto‘g‘ri	To‘g‘ri	Sababi
This is Aziz phone.	This is Aziz’s phone.	’s tushib qolgan
my parent’s house (ikki ota-ona)	my parents’ house	ko‘plik: apostrof s dan keyin
the childrens’ room	the children’s room	children allaqachon ko‘plik
the phone of my brother	my brother’s phone	odam — ’s
the house’s roof	the roof of the house	narsaning qismi — of
Aziz’s and Malika’s wedding (bitta to‘y)	Aziz and Malika’s wedding	umumiy narsa
The dog wagged it’s tail.	The dog wagged its tail.	egalik — its
Fresh tomato’s!	Fresh tomatoes!	ko‘plikda apostrof yo‘q

Mashq: 14 ta savol

A. ’s, ’ yoki of bilan birikma tuzing.

1. (Dilnoza / laptop)
2. (my grandparents / garden)
3. (the women / team)
4. (the door / the fridge)
5. (my brother / wife)
6. (the name / this street)

B. Apostrof kerak bo‘lsa, qo‘ying.

7. My sisters husband is a pilot. (bitta opa)
8. The students books are on the desk. (ko‘p talaba)
9. We sell fresh apples and grapes.
10. The company lost its biggest client.

C. Xatoni tuzating.

11. Yesterday we had dinner at my uncle.
12. Its my friend’s birthday today.
13. The mens’ changing room is on the left.
14. Kamola’s and Bekzod’s son is five. (ular er-xotin)

Javoblar

1. Dilnoza’s laptop — bitta odam.
2. my grandparents’ garden — ko‘plik -s bilan tugaydi, faqat apostrof.
3. the women’s team — women noto‘g‘ri ko‘plik, ’s oladi.
4. the fridge door yoki the door of the fridge — narsa; ikki ot yonma-yon eng tabiiy.
5. my brother’s wife — odam.
6. the name of this street — narsa.
7. My sister’s husband — bitta opa.
8. The students’ books — ko‘p talaba.
9. Apostrof kerak emas — apples, grapes oddiy ko‘plik.
10. Apostrof kerak emas — its egalik olmoshi.
11. at my uncle’s — “amakimnikida”, uy so‘zi tushib qoladi.
12. It’s my friend’s birthday today. — It is.
13. The men’s changing room — men + ’s.
14. Kamola and Bekzod’s son — o‘g‘il ikkalasiniki, ’s faqat oxirgi ismda.

Oila so‘zlari bilan birga mashq qilish uchun qarindoshlar inglizcha sahifasidagi ro‘yxatdan foydalaning.

Oila va narsalar haqida kimniki savollari

Egalik shakli oila haqida gapirganda har daqiqa kerak: my mum’s sister, my brother’s kids. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan ovozli suhbatda oilangiz va uyingiz haqida gapirasiz, darslarda qoidalar o‘zbekcha izohlanadi. Bugungi vazifa: oila a’zolaringizdan beshtasini ’s bilan tanishtiring (This is my father’s brother, Karim.) va xonangizdagi uchta narsa kimniki ekanini ayting (The laptop is my sister’s.).

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling