Ingliz tilida egalik ikki xil so‘z bilan aytiladi. Ot oldidan my, your, his, her, its, our, their keladi: my phone, her bag. Otsiz, yolg‘iz turganda esa mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs ishlatiladi: This phone is mine. O‘zbekchada birinchisi “telefonim”, ikkinchisi “meniki” ga to‘g‘ri keladi.
Qoidani bitta savol bilan tekshirasiz: olmoshdan keyin ot bormi? Bor bo‘lsa — my, yo‘q bo‘lsa — mine. It’s my book va It’s mine bir xil ma’no, lekin It’s mine book yoki It’s my noto‘g‘ri.
Hozir qo‘lingizdagi narsaga qarab ikki gap ayting: This is my phone. It’s mine. Ikkala shaklni ham ishlatdingiz.
Ikki qator: telefonim va meniki
| Kimniki | Ot oldidan | Otsiz | O‘zbekcha juftlik |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | my | mine | kitobim — meniki |
| you | your | yours | kitobing / ingiz — seniki / sizniki |
| he | his | his | kitobi (erkakniki) — uniki |
| she | her | hers | kitobi (ayolniki) — uniki |
| it | its | — | kitobi (narsaniki) — — |
| we | our | ours | kitobimiz — bizniki |
| they | their | theirs | kitoblari — ularniki |
Uchta narsaga e’tibor bering:
- His ikkala ustunda bir xil: This is his car. The car is his.
- Its ning otsiz shakli amalda ishlatilmaydi. The dog wagged its tail bor, The tail is its yo‘q.
- Otsiz shakllarda apostrof yo‘q: yours, hers, ours, theirs. Your’s, her’s degan so‘z mavjud emas.
O‘zbek tilida egalik qo‘shimcha bilan otning oxiriga qo‘shiladi, ingliz tilida esa oldiga alohida so‘z qo‘yiladi. Shuning uchun gapirganda o‘zbekcha tartibni ushlab book my deb yuboradiganlar kam, lekin olmoshni butunlay tushirib qoldirish ko‘p uchraydi: I forgot phone at home o‘rniga I forgot my phone at home bo‘lishi kerak.
His yoki her: egasining jinsi hal qiladi
O‘zbekcha Aziz onasiga qo‘ng‘iroq qildi va Malika onasiga qo‘ng‘iroq qildi gaplarida “-si” bir xil. Inglizchada esa ega kim ekaniga qarab o‘zgaradi:
- Aziz called his mother. — egasi Aziz, erkak.
- Malika called her mother. — egasi Malika, ayol.
Narsaning o‘zi ahamiyatsiz: mother ayol bo‘lsa ham, Aziz haqida gapda his mother. O‘zbekchada “-si” hamma uchun bir xil, shuning uchun gapirayotganda egasini emas, narsani o‘ylab, his mother o‘rniga her mother deb yuborish oson.
Bu yerda bir xil ko‘rinadigan ikki gap butunlay boshqa ma’no beradi:
| Gap | Ma’nosi |
|---|---|
| Aziz met Malika and his brother. | Aziz Malika bilan va o‘zining akasi bilan uchrashdi. |
| Aziz met Malika and her brother. | Aziz Malika va uning (Malikaning) akasi bilan uchrashdi. |
| They sold their house. | Ular o‘z uylarini sotdi. |
| They sold our house. | Ular bizning uyimizni sotdi. |
O‘zbekcha “o‘z” so‘zi ham ingliz tilida alohida so‘z talab qilmaydi: U o‘z kitobini oldi — He took his book. Himself’s book degan narsa yo‘q. Ta’kidlash kerak bo‘lsa, own qo‘shiladi: I have my own room — O‘zimning xonam bor. “O‘zim” so‘zi myself bo‘ladigan holatlar haqida o‘zlik olmoshlari sahifasida.
Its yoki it’s: bitta apostrof farqi
Bu juftlik ona tili ingliz bo‘lganlarning yozuvida ham tez-tez xato bo‘ladi, lekin qoida juda aniq:
| So‘z | Ma’nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| its | uning (narsa, hayvon) | The app changed its design. — Ilova dizaynini o‘zgartirdi. |
| it’s | it is / it has | It’s late. — Kech bo‘ldi. It’s been a long day. — Uzun kun bo‘ldi. |
Tekshirish usuli: gapdagi so‘z o‘rniga it is qo‘yib ko‘ring. Ma’no saqlansa — it’s, buzilsa — its. The company lost it is best worker ma’nosiz, demak its best worker.
Xuddi shu mantiq boshqa juftliklarda ham ishlaydi: your (sizning) va you’re (you are), their (ularning) va they’re (they are), yana there (u yerda). Talaffuzi bir xil, shuning uchun bu xato faqat yozuvda — IELTS Writing, rezyume yoki xabarda ko‘rinadi.
Whose va who’s
Egalik haqida so‘rash uchun whose ishlatiladi: Whose bag is this? — Bu kimning sumkasi? Javob otsiz shakl bilan qisqa bo‘ladi: It’s mine. / It’s Dilnoza’s.
Who’s esa who is yoki who has ning qisqartmasi: Who’s there? — Kim bor u yerda? Talaffuzi bir xil, lekin yozuvda aralashtirib bo‘lmaydi. Whose ning nisbiy gapdagi ishlatilishi va whom bilan farqi who, whom, whose farqi sahifasida batafsil.
Ot bilan egalikni ’s bilan ham ifodalash mumkin: Dilnoza’s bag, my brother’s car, the teacher’s desk. Ko‘plikda apostrof oxiriga o‘tadi: my parents’ house — ota-onamning uyi.
Yana to‘rtta qoida, yana to‘rtta xato
1. Egalik olmoshi bilan artikl kelmaydi. O‘zbekchada artikl yo‘q, shuning uchun bu xato ko‘proq the ni yangi o‘rganganlarda uchraydi: the my car emas, my car.
2. “Mening bir do‘stim” — a friend of mine. A my friend yoki one my friend deyilmaydi. To‘g‘risi: A friend of mine lives in Bukhara. Xuddi shunday: a colleague of hers, a cousin of ours.
3. Tana a’zolari va kiyim bilan egalik olmoshi kerak. O‘zbekchada “qo‘limni yuvdim” — egalik bor, bu yerda muammo kam. Rus tilida esa мою руки deyiladi, shundan kelib I wash hands xatosi paydo bo‘ladi. To‘g‘risi: I wash my hands. She broke her arm. Take off your shoes.
4. Egasi noma’lum yoki “har kim” bo‘lsa — their. Everyone must bring their passport. Somebody left their phone in the classroom. O‘zbekchada “o‘z pasportini” deyiladi. Inglizchada his or her passport ham to‘g‘ri, lekin rasmiy va og‘ir eshitiladi; kundalik nutqda their odatiy.
Dialog: darsdan keyin unutilgan narsalar
Teacher: Wait, everyone! Somebody left their things. Whose umbrella is this?
Jasur: It’s mine, thank you. And I think that notebook is Madina’s.
Madina: No, mine is blue. That one is Otabek’s. His name is on the cover.
Teacher: And these headphones? Are they yours, Madina?
Madina: Yes, they’re mine! I was looking for them all morning.
Teacher: Good. Please check your bags before you leave. It’s not my job to look after your things!
Dialogda their things (egasi noma’lum, shuning uchun their), mine is blue (ot takrorlanmasin deb mine), his name (egasi Otabek) ishlatilganini ko‘ring. Ingliz tilidagi mine is blue o‘zbekchadagi “meniki ko‘k” bilan so‘zma-so‘z mos keladi.
Mashq: 15 ta savol
A. My/mine, your/yours, her/hers va hokazo — to‘g‘risini tanlang.
- 1. Is this (your / yours) jacket?
- 2. This seat isn’t (my / mine). It’s (her / hers).
- 3. We love (our / ours) new flat in Sergeli.
- 4. Those books are (their / theirs), not (our / ours).
- 5. Kamola lost (his / her) keys again.
- 6. Bekzod is visiting (his / her) grandmother in Termez.
B. Its yoki it’s?
- 7. ______ raining again.
- 8. Tashkent is famous for ______ metro stations.
- 9. I like this café. ______ cheap and ______ tea is good.
C. Whose yoki who’s?
- 10. ______ coming to the party on Saturday?
- 11. ______ car is parked outside?
D. Xatoni tuzating.
- 12. Is this pen your?
- 13. One my friend works in IT Park.
- 14. The my brother’s car is new.
- 15. Anvar met Nodira and his sister at the airport. (Nodira’s sister meant)
Javoblar
1 — your; 2 — mine, hers; 3 — our; 4 — theirs, ours; 5 — her; 6 — his; 7 — It’s; 8 — its; 9 — It’s, its; 10 — Who’s; 11 — Whose.
12 — Is this pen yours? 13 — A friend of mine works in IT Park. 14 — My brother’s car is new. 15 — Anvar met Nodira and her sister at the airport.
Izohlar:
- 1-gap: keyin ot bor (jacket), shuning uchun your.
- 2 va 4-gaplar: gap oxirida ot yo‘q — otsiz shakl: mine, hers, theirs, ours.
- 5-gap: egasi Kamola — ayol, shuning uchun her. Kalit jinsi ahamiyatsiz.
- 8-gap: “it is metro stations” ma’nosiz, demak egalik — its.
- 10-gap: Who is coming — qisqartma who’s.
- 13-gap: “mening bir do‘stim” — a friend of mine.
- 15-gap: opa-singil Nodiraniki bo‘lsa, her sister. His sister Anvarning singlisini bildiradi.
Egalik olmoshlarini oila haqida gapda mashq qilish qulay; boshlang‘ich darajada 2-dars: oila va egalik shunga bag‘ishlangan. Aralash topshiriqlar uchun: olmoshlar mashqlari. I, me, he, him shakllarini takrorlash kerak bo‘lsa, kishilik olmoshlari sahifasiga qayting.
His va her xatosini ovoz chiqarib tuzating
Yozganda his va her ni o‘ylab tanlaysiz, gapirganda esa tilga birinchi kelgani chiqadi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan oilangiz yoki uyingizdagi narsalar haqida suhbatlashing: “Opangizning ishi qanday?”, “Bu kimning xonasi?” kabi savollarga javob berganingizda ilova egalik xatolarini belgilaydi va to‘g‘ri gapni ko‘rsatadi. Birinchi mashq sifatida uchta qarindoshingizni tanishtiring: har biri haqida his yoki her bilan bittadan gap.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
