Reflexive pronouns: myself, by myself va each other farqi

Reflexive pronouns — o‘zlik olmoshlari: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves. Ular uch holatda ishlatiladi: harakat egasining o‘ziga qaytganda (I cut myself — qo‘limni kesib oldim), “boshqa hech kim emas, aynan o‘zim” deb ta’kidlaganda (I painted it myself) va by bilan “yolg‘iz, yordamsiz” ma’nosida (She lives by herself).

Eng ko‘p xato teskari tomonda: o‘zbekcha yoki ruscha fikrlab, kerak bo‘lmagan joyga myself qo‘yish. I relaxed myself, I feel myself good, I washed myself and went out — bularning hammasida myself ortiqcha. To‘g‘risi: I relaxed. I feel good. I had a wash and went out.

Bugun biror ishni yordamsiz qilgan bo‘lsangiz, uni hozir ayting: I cooked dinner myself. yoki I fixed my bike myself.

Sakkizta shakl: -self va -selves

Kishilik olmoshi	O‘zlik olmoshi	O‘zbekcha	Misol
I	myself	o‘zim	I hurt myself.
you (bir kishi)	yourself	o‘zing / o‘zingiz	Help yourself!
he	himself	o‘zi (erkak)	He blamed himself.
she	herself	o‘zi (ayol)	She taught herself Korean.
it	itself	o‘zi (narsa)	The door closed by itself.
we	ourselves	o‘zimiz	We enjoyed ourselves.
you (ko‘p kishi)	yourselves	o‘zingiz (sizlar)	Introduce yourselves, please.
they	themselves	o‘zlari	They built the house themselves.

Birlikda -self, ko‘plikda -selves. Ikki shakl xato tez-tez uchraydi: hisself emas, himself; theirselves emas, themselves. You bilan ikki variant bor: bitta odamga yourself, guruhga yourselves. O‘zbekchada “o‘zingiz” ikkalasiga ham ketadi, shuning uchun o‘qituvchi sinfga Introduce yourself emas, Introduce yourselves deydi.

“O‘zim” so‘zining to‘rt xil tarjimasi

Muammoning ildizi shu yerda: o‘zbekcha “o‘z” so‘zi ingliz tilida bitta so‘zga to‘g‘ri kelmaydi. Gapning ma’nosiga qarab tarjima o‘zgaradi.

O‘zbekcha	Ma’no	Inglizcha
Ko‘zguda o‘zimni ko‘rdim.	harakat o‘zimga qaytadi	I saw myself* in the mirror.*
Bu tortni o‘zim pishirdim.	boshqa hech kim emas	I baked this cake myself.
Toshkentda o‘zim yashayman.	yolg‘iz	I live by myself* / alone in Tashkent.*
Bu o‘zimning xonam.	egalik	This is my own* room.*
O‘zingizni qanday his qilyapsiz?	holat	How are you feeling?

Oxirgi ikki qatorga e’tibor bering. Egalikda myself’s yoki myself room degan shakl yo‘q — my own. Holat haqida so‘raganda esa inglizchada olmosh umuman kerak emas. Egalik olmoshlari haqida batafsil: egalik olmoshlari.

Myself kerak bo‘lgan fe’llar

Ega va to‘ldiruvchi bitta odam bo‘lsa, to‘ldiruvchi o‘rnida me emas, myself keladi. Taqqoslang:

He hurt him. — U (boshqa bir erkakni) jarohatladi.
He hurt himself. — U o‘zini jarohatlab oldi.
She looked at her. — U (boshqa ayolga) qaradi.
She looked at herself. — U o‘ziga (ko‘zguda) qaradi.

Bu juftliklarda bitta so‘z butunlay boshqa voqeani aytadi. Ko‘p ishlatiladigan fe’llar va iboralar:

hurt / cut / burn yourself — Be careful with that knife, don’t cut yourself.
introduce yourself — Let me introduce myself. I’m Sardor, the new accountant.
teach yourself — He taught himself to play the dutar from YouTube videos.
enjoy yourself — Did you enjoy yourselves at the wedding? (enjoy dan keyin to‘ldiruvchi shart: We enjoyed deb gap tugamaydi)
help yourself — Help yourself to some plov! — Oshdan oling, tortinmang!
be proud of yourself — You passed! Be proud of yourself.
talk to yourself — I often talk to myself when I study.
look after / take care of yourself — Take care of yourself in Seoul.
blame yourself — It wasn’t your fault. Don’t blame yourself.

He taught himself to cook. — U ovqat pishirishni o‘zi o‘rgandi. — **He taught himself to cook.**U ovqat pishirishni o‘zi o‘rgandi.

Careful, don’t cut yourself! — Ehtiyot bo‘ling, qo‘lingizni kesmang! — **Careful, don’t cut yourself!**Ehtiyot bo‘ling, qo‘lingizni kesmang!

She works for herself. — U o‘zi uchun ishlaydi. — **She works for herself.**U o‘zi uchun ishlaydi.

He’s sitting by himself. — U yolg‘iz o‘tiribdi. — **He’s sitting by himself.**U yolg‘iz o‘tiribdi.

They help each other. — Ular bir-biriga yordam beradi. — **They help each other.**Ular bir-biriga yordam beradi.

He’s relaxing. (not himself) — U dam olyapti. — **He’s relaxing. (not himself)**U dam olyapti.

He brushes his teeth. (not himself) — U tishini yuvyapti. — **He brushes his teeth. (not himself)**U tishini yuvyapti.

I don’t feel well. (not myself) — Tobim yo‘q. — **I don’t feel well. (not myself)**Tobim yo‘q.

Myself qo‘yilmaydigan fe’llar

Rus tilida -ся qo‘shimchasi, o‘zbek tilida “o‘z-” yoki “-in-” qo‘shimchasi bor fe’llar ingliz tilida ko‘pincha oddiy fe’l bo‘ladi. Myself bu yerda xato yoki g‘alati eshitiladi.

Noto‘g‘ri	To‘g‘ri	O‘zbekcha
I relaxed myself at the weekend.	I relaxed at the weekend.	Dam oldim.
I feel myself tired.	I feel tired.	O‘zimni charchagan his qilyapman.
She washed herself and dressed herself.	She got washed and dressed.	Yuvinib, kiyindi.
He shaved himself.	He shaved.	Soqol oldi.
We met ourselves at the metro.	We met at the metro.	Metroda uchrashdik.
Concentrate yourself!	Concentrate!	Diqqatingizni jamlang!
Don’t worry yourself.	Don’t worry.	Xavotir olmang.
Calm yourself.	Calm down.	O‘zingizni bosing.

Wash, dress, shave bilan myself grammatik jihatdan mumkin, lekin faqat alohida ta’kid kerak bo‘lsa: My son is three, but he can already dress himself — O‘g‘lim uch yoshda, lekin o‘zi kiyina oladi. Oddiy kundalik rutinada olmoshsiz aytiladi.

Tana a’zolari bilan ham myself emas, egalik olmoshi: I brushed my teeth. She washed her hair.

By myself, on my own va alone

By myself ikki ma’noga ega: “yolg‘iz” va “hech kimning yordamisiz”. On my own xuddi shu ma’nolarda, biroz og‘zakiroq. Alone esa faqat “yolg‘iz”:

I went to the cinema by myself. — Kinoga yolg‘iz bordim.
She built the website on her own. — Saytni yordamsiz, o‘zi yaratdi.
My grandmother lives alone. — Buvim yolg‘iz yashaydi.

Qo‘shimcha ta’kid uchun all qo‘shiladi: He did it all by himself. By siz I did it myself ham “o‘zim qildim” ma’nosida to‘g‘ri; bunda myself ko‘pincha gap oxirida turadi.

Themselves yoki each other

Ko‘plik egada ikki xil harakat bo‘lishi mumkin, va olmosh qaysi biri ekanini hal qiladi:

Gap	Nima bo‘ldi
Aziz and Bobur blamed themselves.	Har biri o‘zini aybladi.
Aziz and Bobur blamed each other.	Aziz Boburni, Bobur Azizni aybladi.
The girls took photos of themselves.	Qizlar o‘zlarini (selfi) suratga oldi.
The girls took photos of each other.	Qizlar bir-birini suratga oldi.

O‘zbekcha “bir-biri” — each other. One another ham shu ma’noda, rasmiyroq uslubda ishlatiladi. Each other ni themselves bilan almashtirsangiz, ma’no o‘zgaradi.

Dialog: yotoqxonadagi talaba va onasi

Mother: Hello, dear! How are you? Are you eating well?

Nodir: Hi, Mum. Yes, don’t worry. I cook for myself every evening now.

Mother: Really? By yourself? Who taught you?

Nodir: Nobody. I taught myself from videos. Yesterday I made plov, but I burnt myself a little.

Mother: Oh no! Please take care of yourself. And do you and your roommate get on well?

Nodir: Yes, we help each other a lot. He helps me with maths, and I help him with English.

Mother: Good. Relax a bit this weekend, all right?

Nodir: I will. Bye, Mum!

Dialogda relax olmoshsiz ekanini, we help each other esa “bir-birimizga” ma’nosida kelganini ko‘ring.

Mashq: 14 ta gap

A. To‘g‘ri o‘zlik olmoshini yozing.

1. Be careful! You’ll hurt ______.
2. My little sister can’t tie her shoes by ______ yet.
3. We really enjoyed ______ at Charvak last summer.
4. Children, please introduce ______ to the new teacher.
5. The lights turn off by ______ at midnight.
6. Did Bobur make this video ______?

B. O‘zlik olmoshi kerakmi? Kerak bo‘lsa yozing, kerak bo‘lmasa “–” qo‘ying.

7. I usually relax ______ with a good book.
8. How do you feel ______ today?
9. He looked at ______ in the mirror and smiled.
10. Let’s meet ______ at 6 near Amir Temur Square.

C. Themselves yoki each other?

11. Otabek and Laylo have been married for 20 years and still love ______.
12. The students checked their answers ______ before giving the test to the teacher.

D. Xatoni tuzating.

13. They built the house theirselves.
14. I washed myself my hands before lunch.

Javoblar

1 — yourself; 2 — herself; 3 — ourselves; 4 — yourselves; 5 — themselves; 6 — himself; 7 — –; 8 — –; 9 — himself; 10 — –; 11 — each other; 12 — themselves.

13 — They built the house themselves. 14 — I washed my hands before lunch.

Izohlar:

2-gap: by herself — “yordamsiz”, egasi singil (ayol).
3-gap: enjoy dan keyin to‘ldiruvchi shart: we enjoyed ourselves.
4-gap: bir nechta bolaga murojaat — yourselves.
5-gap: lights ko‘plik, by themselves — “o‘z-o‘zidan”.
7, 8, 10-gaplar: relax, feel, meet inglizchada o‘zlik olmoshisiz ishlatiladi.
11-gap: er xotinni, xotin erni sevadi — each other. Themselves “har biri o‘zini” degan bo‘lardi.
12-gap: talabalar javobni o‘zlari tekshirgan (boshqaga bermasdan) — themselves. Agar bir-birining ishini tekshirgan bo‘lsa, each other’s answers bo‘lardi.
13-gap: theirselves shakli yo‘q.
14-gap: tana a’zosi bilan egalik olmoshi: my hands.

Olmoshlarni bir-biri bilan aralashtirib mashq qilish uchun olmoshlar mashqlari sahifasiga o‘ting. Me va myself farqi ega va to‘ldiruvchi tushunchasiga bog‘liq; bu asos kishilik olmoshlari sahifasida.

“Tell me about yourself” savoliga tayyorlaning

O‘zlik olmoshi eng ko‘p eshitiladigan savollardan birida bor: Tell me about yourself. U ish suhbatida ham, IELTS yoki multilevel Speaking’da ham uchraydi. Javob namunalari ish suhbatida o‘zini tanishtirish sahifasida. BandMate ilovasida Bandi aynan shunday savollar beradi: o‘zingiz, kundalik ishlaringiz, dam olishingiz haqida. Siz javob berasiz, ilova esa I relaxed myself kabi ortiqcha olmoshni yoki hisself kabi xato shaklni ko‘rsatadi. Bugun kechqurun o‘zingiz yordamsiz qilgan uchta ish haqida gapirib ko‘ring.

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling