Qaynona ingliz tilida mother-in-law, qaynota — father-in-law, kelin — daughter-in-law (to‘y kuni esa bride), kuyov — son-in-law (to‘y kuni groom). Nikoh orqali bo‘lgan barcha qarindoshlar birgalikda in-laws deyiladi. Ovsin, boja, quda kabi so‘zlar uchun ingliz tilida alohida so‘z yo‘q: ularni egalik zanjiri bilan tushuntirasiz, masalan my husband’s brother’s wife.
Hozir bitta gapni ovoz chiqarib ayting: This is my mother-in-law — my husband’s mum. Tanishtirishning eng tabiiy shakli shu.
Ingliz tili bitta so‘z bilan ikki tomonni aytadi
Ingliz tilida mother-in-law ham erning onasi, ham xotinning onasi. Qaysi tomon ekanini gapning o‘zidan bilasiz yoki qo‘shib aytasiz: my wife’s mother. O‘zbek tilidagi “qaynona” ham shunday ikki tomonlama. Rus tilida esa bular alohida: свекровь va тёща, свёкор va тесть, деверь, золовка, шурин, свояченица. Rus tilida o‘ylaydigan o‘quvchi ko‘pincha “inglizchada qaysi so‘z свекровь?” deb qidiradi. Javob: alohida so‘z yo‘q, hammasi mother-in-law.
Kelin tomonidan: erning oilasi
| O‘zbekcha | Inglizcha | Aniq tushuntirish | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| qaynona | mother-in-law | my husband’s mother | My mother-in-law taught me her lag‘mon recipe. |
| qaynota | father-in-law | my husband’s father | My father-in-law picks the kids up from school. |
| qayin aka, qayin uka | brother-in-law | my husband’s older / younger brother | My brother-in-law lives next door. |
| qayin opa, qayinsingil | sister-in-law | my husband’s older / younger sister | My sister-in-law is getting married in June. |
| ovsin | — | my husband’s brother’s wife | My husband’s brother’s wife and I cook together on Sundays. |
| erimning jiyani | nephew, niece (by marriage) | my husband’s sister’s son | His nephew calls me “kelinoyi”. |
Kuyov tomonidan: xotinning oilasi
| O‘zbekcha | Inglizcha | Aniq tushuntirish | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| qaynona | mother-in-law | my wife’s mother | My mother-in-law always cooks too much food. |
| qaynota | father-in-law | my wife’s father | I help my father-in-law in his garden. |
| qayin aka, qayin uka | brother-in-law | my wife’s brother | My brother-in-law and I support the same football team. |
| qayin opa, qayinsingil | sister-in-law | my wife’s sister | My wife’s younger sister is studying in Korea. |
| boja | — (ba’zan brother-in-law) | my wife’s sister’s husband | Our wives are sisters, so we meet at every family event. |
Ota-ona tomonidan: kelin, kuyov va quda
| O‘zbekcha | Inglizcha | Aniq tushuntirish | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| kelin | daughter-in-law | my son’s wife | Our daughter-in-law is a dentist. |
| kuyov | son-in-law | my daughter’s husband | Our son-in-law fixed the roof. |
| quda | — | my son’s father-in-law; my daughter’s in-laws | Our son’s in-laws are coming for dinner. |
| qudag‘ay | — | my son’s mother-in-law | My daughter’s mother-in-law sent us a big plate of somsa. |
| nevara | grandchild | my son’s (daughter’s) child | Our first grandchild was born in March. |
Quda va qudag‘ayni bir so‘z bilan aytish uchun ba’zan co-parents-in-law ishlatiladi, lekin bu so‘zni ko‘p inglizzabonlar birinchi marta eshitadi. Tabiiyrog‘i: our son’s in-laws yoki my daughter’s husband’s parents.
Qon qarindoshlari: amaki, tog‘a, amma, xola
Nikohdan tashqari ham ingliz tili qisqaroq: amaki va tog‘a — ikkalasi uncle, amma va xola — ikkalasi aunt. Tomonni qo‘shib aytasiz: my uncle on my dad’s side (amaki), my aunt on my mum’s side (xola). Amma yoki xolaning eri ham ingliz tilida uncle, aniqroq — my uncle by marriage. Barcha qon qarindoshlari talaffuz va misollar bilan oila a’zolari inglizcha sahifasida jamlangan.
Inglizcha so‘zi yo‘q qarindoshni qanday tushuntirish
1. Egalik zanjiri. Kimning kimi ekanini ’s bilan ulaysiz: my wife’s sister’s husband (boja). Uchtadan ortiq bo‘g‘in qiyinlashadi, shuning uchun ikkitada to‘xtab, qolganini gap bilan aytgan ma’qul. ’s qoidasi egalik qo‘shimchasi ’s sahifasida.
2. O‘zbekcha so‘z + izoh. Suhbatdoshingiz qiziqadi va keyingi safar o‘zi ishlatadi: She’s my ovsin. That’s what we call the wife of my husband’s brother. English doesn’t have a word for it.
3. Tomon va nikoh. on my wife’s side, by marriage: He’s a relative on my wife’s side. — U xotinim tomondan qarindosh.
4. Munosabatni ta’riflash. Ba’zan aniq zanjir shart emas: We’re related through our wives. — Xotinlarimiz orqali qarindoshmiz (boja uchun qulay).
Madaniyatni tushuntirish uchun gaplar
Xorijlik do‘stingizga o‘zbek oilasi haqida gapirganda quyidagi gaplar asqotadi. Ular umumlashtirish, har oilada boshqacha bo‘lishi mumkin; in many families qo‘shib aytish to‘g‘riroq.
- In many Uzbek families, the bride moves into her husband’s parents’ house after the wedding.
- At the wedding there’s a custom called “kelin salom”: the bride bows to her husband’s relatives and guests.
- I call my mother-in-law “oyi”. It’s the same word I use for my own mum.
- Our in-laws visit each other on holidays and bring food.
Ingliz tilida so‘zlashadigan oilalarda qaynona-qaynotaga murojaat har xil: ko‘pchilik ismi bilan chaqiradi, ba’zilar Mum va Dad deydi. Qanday murojaat qilishni bilmasangiz, so‘rash odobli hisoblanadi: What would you like me to call you?
Dialog: to‘yda hamkasbga oilani tanishtirish
Toshkentdagi to‘yga britaniyalik hamkasb Tom kelgan. Kuyov Otabek unga qarindoshlarini ko‘rsatmoqda.
Tom: There are so many people! Are they all your relatives?
Otabek: Most of them. Uzbek weddings are big. See the lady in the blue dress? That’s my mother-in-law.
Tom: Your wife’s mum. And the man next to her?
Otabek: My father-in-law. And those two young guys are my brothers-in-law, my wife’s brothers.
Tom: Who’s the man with the camera?
Otabek: That’s Sanjar. His wife and my wife are sisters. We call that relationship “boja”.
Tom: So he’s your brother-in-law too?
Otabek: Kind of. In English you’d probably say that, but in Uzbek there’s a special word.
Tom: And the older couple talking to your parents?
Otabek: They’re my wife’s parents’ friends… no, wait. That’s my uncle on my mum’s side and his wife. I told you, it’s a big family!
To‘y marosimlari, sep, nikoh kabi so‘zlar kerak bo‘lsa, to‘y so‘zlari inglizcha sahifasiga o‘ting.
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| my stepmother (qaynona ma’nosida) | my mother-in-law | Stepmother — o‘gay ona. |
| the mother of my husband | my husband’s mother | Egalik zanjiri qisqaroq va tabiiy. |
| my two brother-in-laws | my two brothers-in-law | Ko‘plik birinchi so‘zga. |
| Our bride cooked dinner. (to‘ydan bir yil keyin) | Our daughter-in-law cooked dinner. | Bride — faqat to‘y atrofida. |
| my husband’s mother-in-law | my mother | Bu gap sizning onangiz haqida! |
| She is my ovsin. (izohsiz) | She’s my ovsin — my husband’s brother’s wife. | Mahalliy so‘zni izohlang. |
Mashq
A. Inglizcha ayting.
- 1. qaynotam
- 2. kelinimiz (o‘g‘limizning xotini)
- 3. kuyovimiz
- 4. qayinsinglim (xotinimning singlisi)
- 5. kelin (to‘y kuni)
B. Egalik zanjiri bilan tushuntiring.
- 6. ovsin
- 7. boja
- 8. qudag‘ay
C. Xatoni tuzating.
- 9. I have three sister-in-laws.
- 10. This is the father of my wife.
Javoblar
1 — my father-in-law; 2 — our daughter-in-law; 3 — our son-in-law; 4 — my sister-in-law (my wife’s younger sister); 5 — the bride; 6 — my husband’s brother’s wife; 7 — my wife’s sister’s husband; 8 — my son’s (daughter’s) mother-in-law; 9 — I have three sisters-in-law; 10 — This is my wife’s father (yoki This is my father-in-law).
Oilangiz haqida bog‘langan matn yozmoqchi bo‘lsangiz, uch darajadagi namunalar oilam haqida inglizcha matn sahifasida bor.
BandMate bilan mashq
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan suhbatda oilangizni tanishtiring: kim kimning kimi ekanini egalik zanjiri bilan tushuntiring va Bandi bergan aniqlashtiruvchi savollarga javob bering. Ilova daughter-in-law, brothers-in-law talaffuzi va ko‘plik shakli bo‘yicha izoh beradi. Yuqoridagi dialogni o‘z qarindoshlaringiz ismlari bilan qayta aytib ko‘ring.
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