To be fe’li am, is, are: 30 ta misol, was/were va mashq

To be — “bo‘lmoq” fe’li. Hozirgi zamonda uning uchta shakli bor: I am, he/she/it is, you/we/they are. O‘tgan zamonda ikkita: was (I, he, she, it) va were (you, we, they). U ism, kasb, yosh, joy, holat va sifat haqida gapirganda ishlatiladi: I am a student. She is at home. We were tired.

O‘zbek tilida bu ma’no alohida so‘z bilan emas, qo‘shimcha bilan beriladi: Men talabaman. Sen charchagansan. Uchinchi shaxsda esa hech narsa qo‘shilmaydi: U shifokor. Shuning uchun o‘zbek o‘rganuvchilari ko‘pincha I student, She doctor deb yuboradi. Ingliz tilida esa fe’lsiz gap bo‘lmaydi: am, is, are har doim o‘z joyida turishi kerak.

Hoziroq uchta gap ayting: I am (ismingiz). I am from (shahringiz). I am (yoshingiz). Masalan: I am Dilnoza. I am from Fergana. I am twenty-two. Bu uchta gap bilan siz to be ni allaqachon ishlatdingiz.

Am, is, are va o‘zbekcha qo‘shimchalar

Olmosh	To be	Qisqa shakl	O‘zbekcha qo‘shimcha	Misol
I	am	I’m	-man	I’m a teacher. — O‘qituvchiman.
you (sen/siz)	are	you’re	-san / -siz	You’re right. — Haqsan. / Haqsiz.
he	is	he’s	— (yoki -dir)	He’s a driver. — U haydovchi.
she	is	she’s	— (yoki -dir)	She’s my sister. — U mening opam.
it	is	it’s	— (yoki -dir)	It’s cold. — Sovuq.
we	are	we’re	-miz	We’re ready. — Tayyormiz.
they	are	they’re	-lar / —	They’re at school. — Ular maktabda.

Jadvaldan eslab qoladigan asosiy narsa: o‘zbekchada -man bo‘lgan joyda inglizchada am, -san, -siz, -miz bo‘lgan joyda are. O‘zbekchada hech narsa qo‘shilmagan “u” gapida esa inglizchada is keladi. Aynan shu yerda eng ko‘p xato bo‘ladi, chunki o‘zbekcha gapda “ko‘rinmaydigan” fe’lni ingliz tilida ko‘rsatish kerak.

U olmoshi ingliz tilida uch xil bo‘lishini ham unutmang: erkak uchun he, ayol uchun she, narsa yoki hayvon uchun it. Bu haqda batafsil kishilik olmoshlari sahifasida.

Og‘zaki nutqda deyarli har doim qisqa shakl ishlatiladi: I’m, she’s, they’re. Rasmiy xat yoki imtihon inshosida esa to‘liq shakl yaxshiroq.

To be qachon kerak: 30 ta misol

Ism, kasb, millat

1. I am Jasur. — Men Jasurman.
2. My mother is a nurse. — Onam hamshira.
3. We are Uzbek. — Biz o‘zbekmiz.
4. Mr Karimov is our new director. — Janob Karimov bizning yangi direktorimiz.
5. Are you a student? — Siz talabamisiz?

Yosh

6. I’m nineteen. — O‘n to‘qqiz yoshdaman.
7. My grandfather is seventy-five. — Bobom yetmish besh yoshda.
8. How old is your son? — O‘g‘lingiz necha yoshda?

Rus tilini bilganlar uchun eslatma: Мне 19 лет dan kelib I have 19 years deyish xato. Yosh faqat to be bilan aytiladi.

Joy: qayerda

9. She is at work. — U ishda.
10. The keys are on the table. — Kalitlar stol ustida.
11. Chorsu bazaar is in the old city. — Chorsu bozori eski shaharda.
12. Where are you now? — Hozir qayerdasiz?
13. My parents are in Samarkand this week. — Ota-onam bu hafta Samarqandda.

Holat va his-tuyg‘u

14. I’m hungry. — Qornim och.
15. Are you tired? — Charchadingizmi?
16. The children are happy today. — Bolalar bugun xursand.
17. I’m cold. Can you close the window? — Sovqotyapman. Derazani yopa olasizmi?
18. He isn’t angry, he’s just busy. — U jahli chiqqan emas, shunchaki band.

17-gapga e’tibor bering: o‘zbekcha “sovqotyapman” fe’l bo‘lsa ham, ingliz tilida bu holat — I’m cold. Xuddi shunday: I’m hungry, I’m thirsty, I’m late, I’m sure, I’m afraid.

Sifat: qanday

19. This book is interesting. — Bu kitob qiziq.
20. Your flat is very nice. — Kvartirangiz juda chiroyli.
21. The metro is fast and cheap. — Metro tez va arzon.
22. Is the soup hot? — Sho‘rva issiqmi?

They are my parents. — Ular mening ota-onam. — **They are my parents.**Ular mening ota-onam.

He is my grandfather. — U mening bobom. — **He is my grandfather.**U mening bobom.

She is my grandmother. — U mening buvim. — **She is my grandmother.**U mening buvim.

He is friendly. — U xushmuomala. — **He is friendly.**U xushmuomala.

He is funny. — U kulgili. — **He is funny.**U kulgili.

She is quiet. — U kamgap. — **She is quiet.**U kamgap.

Vaqt, ob-havo, narx

23. It’s eight o’clock. — Soat sakkiz.
24. It’s sunny today. — Bugun quyoshli.
25. How much is this melon? — Bu qovun qancha turadi?

O‘tgan zamon: was va were

26. I was at home yesterday. — Kecha uyda edim.
27. The film was boring. — Film zerikarli edi.
28. We were in Bukhara last summer. — O‘tgan yozda Buxoroda edik.
29. Were you at the wedding? — To‘yda bo‘ldingizmi?
30. The shops weren’t open on Sunday. — Yakshanba kuni do‘konlar ochiq emas edi.

O‘zbekcha “edim, eding, edi” — ingliz tilidagi was/were. Tanlov oddiy: I, he, she, it — was; you, we, they — were.

Inkor gap: not qo‘shiladi

To‘liq shakl	Qisqa shakl	Misol
I am not	I’m not	I’m not ready. — Tayyor emasman.
he/she/it is not	isn’t / he’s not	It isn’t far. — Uzoq emas.
you/we/they are not	aren’t / we’re not	They aren’t here. — Ular bu yerda emas.
was not	wasn’t	I wasn’t at the lesson. — Darsda yo‘q edim.
were not	weren’t	We weren’t late. — Kechikmadik.

I amn’t degan shakl yo‘q. Faqat I’m not.

To be bilan inkor gapda don’t ishlatilmaydi: I don’t tired emas, I’m not tired. Boshqa fe’llar bilan inkor qanday yasalishi inkor gaplar sahifasida.

So‘roq gap: fe’l oldinga chiqadi

O‘zbekchada so‘roq “-mi” yuklamasi bilan: Siz talabamisiz? Ingliz tilida esa am/is/are eganing oldiga o‘tadi:

Darak	So‘roq	Ha/yo‘q javobi
You are a student.	Are you a student?	Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
She is at home.	Is she at home?	Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
They were late.	Were they late?	Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.
—	Where is the bus stop?	It’s over there.

“Ha” javobida qisqartma ishlatilmaydi: Yes, I am deyiladi, Yes, I’m emas.

O‘zbek va rus tilidan keladigan xatolar

Noto‘g‘ri	To‘g‘ri	Sabab
I student.	I’m a student.	fe’l va a tushib qolgan
My brother doctor.	My brother is a doctor.	o‘zbekchadagi “ko‘rinmas” fe’l
I am agree.	I agree.	agree o‘zi fe’l
I am live in Tashkent.	I live in Tashkent.	ikki fe’l birga
Are you like tea?	Do you like tea?	like bilan do
I have 20 years.	I’m 20.	yosh to be bilan
They was at home.	They were at home.	they bilan were
Yes, I’m.	Yes, I am.	qisqa javobda qisqartma yo‘q
She is teacher.	She is a teacher.	kasb oldidan a/an

Oxirgi xato to be emas, artikl xatosi, lekin ikkalasi ko‘pincha birga keladi. Artikllar haqida: a, an, the qoidasi.

Mashq: 15 ta savol

A. Am, is yoki are qo‘ying.

1. My name ______ Otabek.
2. I ______ from Andijan.
3. My sisters ______ at university.
4. ______ your father a pilot?
5. It ______ very hot in July.
6. You ______ late again!

B. Was yoki were qo‘ying.

7. I ______ ill last week.
8. ______ they at the concert yesterday?
9. The weather ______ terrible in March.
10. We ______ not at home on Saturday.

C. Xatoni tuzating.

11. My friend engineer.
12. I am not agree with you.
13. She have 25 years.
14. Is you hungry?
15. A: Are you from Tashkent? B: Yes, I’m.

Javoblar

1 — is; 2 — am; 3 — are; 4 — Is; 5 — is; 6 — are.

7 — was; 8 — Were; 9 — was; 10 — were.

11 — My friend is an engineer. 12 — I don’t agree with you. 13 — She is 25. 14 — Are you hungry? 15 — Yes, I am.

Izohlar:

1-gap: my name — bitta narsa, u “it” o‘rnida, shuning uchun is.
3-gap: my sisters ko‘plik, “they” o‘rnida — are.
11-gap: fe’l ham, artikl ham kerak. Engineer unli tovush bilan boshlanadi, shuning uchun an.
12-gap: agree fe’l, uning inkori don’t agree. Am bu yerda ortiqcha.
13-gap: yosh — to be, have emas. She is 25 years old ham to‘g‘ri.

Ko‘proq mashq kerak bo‘lsa, to be mashqlari sahifasida 30 ta topshiriq bor. Keyingi qadam — to be ning yana bir muhim ishlatilishi: there is va there are.

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To be ni yodlash oson, gapirganda uni tushirib qoldirmaslik esa odat bilan keladi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi sizdan ismingiz, ishingiz, shahringiz va oilangiz haqida so‘raydi, siz ovoz chiqarib javob berasiz. I student kabi xato bo‘lsa, ilova uni ko‘rsatadi, darslarda qoida o‘zbekcha tushuntiriladi. Bugun o‘zingizni beshta gapda tanishtiring va har bir gapda am, is yoki are borligini tekshiring.

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