Past Perfect Continuous o‘tmishdagi bir nuqtagacha davom etib kelgan jarayonni bildiradi. Formula: had been + fe’l + -ing, barcha shaxslar uchun bir xil: She was tired because she had been working all day. O‘zbekchada bu “…yotgan edi”, “…dan beri …ayotgan edi” yoki “…ib charchagan edi” kabi aytiladi.
Bu zamon ikki savolga javob beradi: o‘tmishdagi holatning sababi nima edi (why was she tired?) va jarayon o‘sha paytgacha qancha vaqt davom etgan edi (how long had she been waiting?).
Detektiv kabi o‘ylang: iz va sabab
O‘tmishda nimanidir ko‘rdingiz. Uning sababi undan oldin davom etgan jarayon. Chap ustun Past Simple, o‘ng ustun Past Perfect Continuous:
| O‘tmishda ko‘rilgan holat | Undan oldin davom etgan jarayon |
|---|---|
| Farrux charchagan edi. — Farrukh was exhausted. | Kechasi bilan o‘yin o‘ynagan edi. — He had been playing games all night. |
| Ko‘chalar ho‘l edi. — The streets were wet. | Kun bo‘yi yomg‘ir yog‘gan edi. — It had been raining all day. |
| Onamning ko‘zlari qizargan edi. — My mum’s eyes were red. | Piyoz to‘g‘rayotgan edi. — She had been cutting onions for the plov. |
| Ustozning ovozi xirillab qolgan edi. — The teacher’s voice was hoarse. | Uch soat dars bergan edi. — She had been teaching for three hours. |
Onamning qizargan ko‘zlari misoliga e’tibor bering: agar faqat Past Simple ishlatilsa (She cut onions), sabab-oqibat aloqasi yo‘qoladi. Had been cutting “ko‘zlar qizarguncha piyoz to‘g‘ralgan” degan manzarani beradi.
Yasalishi
| Gap turi | Formula | Misol | Tarjima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Darak | ega + had (’d) been + V-ing | We’d been walking for hours. | Soatlab yurgan edik. |
| Inkor | ega + hadn’t been + V-ing | He hadn’t been sleeping well. | U yaxshi uxlamayotgan edi. |
| So‘roq | Had + ega + been + V-ing? | Had you been waiting long? | Ko‘p kutgan edingizmi? |
| Maxsus savol | How long + had + ega + been + V-ing? | How long had she been living there? | U yerda qancha vaqtdan beri yashayotgan edi? |
| Javob | Yes, I had. / No, he hadn’t. | — | Ha. / Yo‘q. |
Uchta so‘z doim birga: had + been + -ing. Hech biri tushib qolmaydi va hech biri shaxsga qarab o‘zgarmaydi.
Uch vazifa
1. Jarayon o‘tmishdagi nuqtagacha qancha davom etgan (for, since, how long)
- When I finally got a job, I had been looking for one for eight months. — Nihoyat ishga kirganimda, sakkiz oydan beri ish qidirayotgan edim.
- My grandparents had been living in Kokand since 1975 before they moved to Tashkent. — Buvim va bobom Toshkentga ko‘chishdan oldin 1975-yildan beri Qo‘qonda yashayotgan edi.
- How long had you been learning English before you took IELTS? — IELTS topshirishdan oldin qancha vaqt ingliz tilini o‘rgangan edingiz?
2. O‘tmishdagi holatning sababi
- Jamshid’s clothes were dirty because he had been repairing the car. — Jamshidning kiyimi kir edi, chunki mashina tuzatayotgan edi.
- I had a headache because I had been staring at the screen all day. — Boshim og‘rirdi, chunki kun bo‘yi ekranga tikilib o‘tirgan edim.
- The baby was crying because she hadn’t been sleeping well. — Chaqaloq yig‘layotgan edi, chunki yaxshi uxlamayotgan edi.
3. Boshqa voqea bilan to‘xtagan jarayon
- We had been driving for two hours when the car broke down near Jizzakh. — Ikki soatdan beri yo‘lda edik, mashina Jizzax yaqinida buzilib qoldi.
- She had been talking for ten minutes when she realised the microphone was off. — U o‘n daqiqa gapirgandan keyingina mikrofon o‘chiq ekanini payqadi.
- I had been waiting at Chorsu for half an hour when Laylo finally called. — Chorsuda yarim soatdan beri kutayotgan edim, nihoyat Laylo qo‘ng‘iroq qildi.
Signal so‘zlar
- Davomiylik: for two hours, for months, since morning, since 2019, how long, all day, all night
- O‘tmish nuqtasi: when, before, by the time, until
- Sabab: because, so, that’s why
Qaysi zamon bilan adashtiriladi
Present Perfect Continuous bilan
Shakl deyarli bir xil, faqat “hisob nuqtasi” boshqa. Have been + -ing — hozirgacha, had been + -ing — o‘tmishdagi bir paytgacha.
| Hozirgacha | O‘tmishdagi nuqtagacha |
|---|---|
| I’m tired. I’ve been working since seven. | I was tired. I’d been working since seven. |
| How long have you been waiting? | How long had you been waiting when the bus came? |
Hozirgi variantning to‘liq qoidasi Present Perfect Continuous sahifasida.
Past Perfect bilan: jarayon yoki natija
- She had been painting the room. — Xonani bo‘yayotgan edi (qo‘li bo‘yoqqa bo‘yalgan, ish tugaganmi — noma’lum).
- She had painted the room. — Xonani bo‘yab bo‘lgan edi (xona tayyor).
Miqdor yoki necha marta aytilsa, faqat Past Perfect: He had written three reports (not had been writing three reports). Past Perfect’ning o‘zi Past Perfect qoidasi sahifasida.
Holat fe’llari
Know, want, own, believe, like va egalik ma’nosidagi have bu zamonga kirmaydi. Ular uchun Past Perfect: I had known him for years (not had been knowing).
Bu zamon qanchalik kerak?
Kundalik suhbatda Past Perfect Continuous kam uchraydi: ko‘pincha odamlar Past Simple bilan ham fikrni yetkazadi (I was tired. I worked all day.). Lekin hikoyada, ayniqsa sabab va davomiylikni ko‘rsatish kerak bo‘lganda, u gapni aniq va tabiiy qiladi. Uni o‘rganish uchun alohida ko‘p vaqt sarflash shart emas: yuqoridagi uch vazifani bilsangiz, yetarli.
Tipik xatolar
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Sabab |
|---|---|---|
| She was tired because she has been working. | She was tired because she had been working. | O‘tmish nuqtasi → had |
| I had been wait for an hour. | I had been waiting for an hour. | -ing tushib qolgan |
| They had being living there. | They had been living there. | being emas, been |
| He was working there for five years when he left. | He had been working there for five years when he left. | “-dan beri … edi” — davomiylik |
| I had been knowing her since school. | I had known her since school. | Holat fe’li |
| She had been reading four books by June. | She had read four books by June. | Sanalgan natija |
To‘rtinchi xato rus tilidan ham keladi: Он работал там пять лет, когда уволился — ruschada oddiy o‘tgan zamon yetadi, inglizchada esa davomiylik o‘tmishdagi nuqtagacha sanalganda had been + -ing kerak.
Mashq: 12 ta gap
A. Qavsdagi fe’lni Past Perfect Continuous shaklida yozing.
- 1. My eyes hurt because I ______ (read) in bad light.
- 2. They ______ (wait) for two hours when the doctor finally came.
- 3. How long ______ she ______ (work) there before she got promoted?
- 4. The floor was wet because the children ______ (play) with water.
- 5. I ______ (not / feel) well for days, so I went to the clinic.
- 6. We ______ (walk) around Registan all afternoon, so our feet hurt.
B. Past Perfect Continuous yoki Past Perfect?
- 7. She ______ (write) emails all morning, so she was tired of the computer.
- 8. By noon she ______ (write) twenty emails.
- 9. I ______ (know) Sardor for years before we started working together.
- 10. He was out of breath because he ______ (run).
- 11. When I arrived, they ______ (already / eat) the cake.
- 12. It ______ (snow) all night, and in the morning the roads were white.
Javoblar
1 — had been reading; 2 — had been waiting; 3 — had … been working; 4 — had been playing; 5 — hadn’t been feeling; 6 — had been walking.
7 — had been writing; 8 — had written; 9 — had known; 10 — had been running; 11 — had already eaten; 12 — had been snowing.
Izohlar:
- 2-gap: for two hours — o‘tmishdagi nuqtagacha (doktor kelgunicha) davomiylik.
- 7 va 8: bitta fe’l, ikki ma’no. 7-gapda jarayon va charchoq, 8-gapda sanalgan natija (twenty emails).
- 9-gap: know holat fe’li, faqat Past Perfect.
- 11-gap: tort tugagan, diqqat natijada, shuning uchun had eaten.
Barcha zamonlarni bir jadvalda solishtirish uchun 16 ta zamon jadvali sahifasini oching.
BandMate bilan mashq
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan suhbatda qiyin kun yoki uzoq safar haqida gapirib, “nega charchagan edingiz?” turidagi savollarga had been + -ing bilan javob berishni mashq qilasiz. Ilova xatoni ko‘rsatadi, darslarda qoida o‘zbekcha tushuntiriladi. Bugun o‘zingiz sinab ko‘ring: yaqinda charchagan, kechikkan yoki xafa bo‘lgan bir paytingizni eslang va sababini bitta because … had been … gapi bilan ayting.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
