Ingliz tilida so‘roq so‘zlari yettita asosiy so‘zdan iborat: what (nima), who (kim), where (qayerda), when (qachon), why (nega), which (qaysi), how (qanday). Qolganlari shulardan yasaladi: whose, whom, what time, how much, how many, how long, how often. So‘roq so‘zi har doim savolning boshida turadi: Where do you live? O‘zbekchada esa u gap o‘rtasida qoladi: Siz qayerda yashaysiz?
Hoziroq uchta savolni ovoz chiqarib ayting: What’s your name? Where are you from? How old are you? Bu uchta savol har qanday tanishuvning boshlanishi.
To‘liq jadval: 25 ta so‘roq so‘zi va birikma
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol savol | Namuna javob |
|---|---|---|---|
| what | nima | What are you reading? | A novel. |
| what time | soat nechada | What time does the lesson start? | At 9. |
| what kind of | qanaqa, qanday turdagi | What kind of music do you like? | Pop and maqom. |
| what colour | qanday rangda | What colour is your car? | White. |
| what … like | qanaqa (xarakter, sifat) | What’s your teacher like? | Strict but kind. |
| what … for | nima uchun (maqsad) | What’s this button for? | For the lights. |
| which | qaysi (tanlovdan) | Which bus goes to Chorsu? | Number 8. |
| which one | qaysi biri | Which one is yours? | The blue one. |
| who | kim | Who is that man? | My uncle. |
| whom | kimni, kimga (rasmiy) | Whom did you invite? | My classmates. |
| whose | kimning | Whose phone is this? | It’s Aziz’s. |
| where | qayerda, qayerga | Where do you work? | At a bank. |
| where … from | qayerdan | Where are you from? | From Fergana. |
| when | qachon | When is your birthday? | In May. |
| why | nega, nima uchun | Why are you late? | Because of the traffic. |
| how | qanday, qanday qilib | How do you get to work? | By metro. |
| how come | qanday qilib (hayrat) | How come you’re here? | The meeting was cancelled. |
| how much | qancha (sanalmaydigan, narx) | How much is it? | Twenty thousand sum. |
| how many | nechta | How many brothers do you have? | Two. |
| how old | necha yosh | How old is your son? | Seven. |
| how long | qancha vaqt; qancha uzun | How long does it take? | About an hour. |
| how often | qanchalik tez-tez | How often do you go to the gym? | Twice a week. |
| how far | qancha uzoq (masofa) | How far is the airport? | About 10 kilometres. |
| how tall | bo‘yi qancha | How tall are you? | 1.75 metres. |
| how well | qanchalik yaxshi | How well do you speak Russian? | Fluently. |
Jadvalni birdaniga yodlashga urinmang. Avval birinchi ustundagi so‘zni ovoz chiqarib ayting, keyin misol savolni o‘z hayotingizga moslab qayta tuzing.
Bitta o‘zbekcha so‘z — bir nechta inglizcha
O‘zbek tilida so‘roq so‘zi qo‘shimcha oladi: kim, kimni, kimga, kimning; qayerda, qayerga, qayerdan. Ingliz tilida so‘z o‘zgarmaydi, uning o‘rniga predlog qo‘shiladi va u ko‘pincha gap oxiriga ketadi.
| O‘zbekcha | Inglizcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| qayerda / qayerga | where | Where are you going? |
| qayerdan | where … from | Where are you calling from? |
| kim / kimni | who | Who did you see? |
| kimga | who … to | Who did you give it to? |
| kim bilan | who … with | Who do you live with? |
| kimning | whose | Whose idea was it? |
| qancha / necha | how much / how many | How much sugar? How many cups? |
| qanday / qanaqa | how / what … like / what kind of | How was the trip? What was the hotel like? |
| nega / nima uchun | why / what … for | Why did you call? What did you call for? |
| nechanchi | which / what + ot | Which floor do you live on? What year are you in? |
Nechanchi alohida e’tiborga loyiq: ingliz tilida bunday bitta so‘z yo‘q. “Nechanchi qavatda yashaysiz?” — Which floor do you live on?; “Nechanchi kursda o‘qiysiz?” — What year are you in?; “Nechanchi bo‘lib keldingiz?” — What place did you finish in? Savol ot bilan tuziladi.
What va which: ochiq savol yoki tanlov
What — javob variantlari cheksiz yoki noma’lum. Which — tanlov cheklangan, variantlar ko‘z oldida yoki ikkala tomonga ma’lum.
| Gap | Ma’nosi |
|---|---|
| What film do you want to watch? | Qanday film ko‘rmoqchisiz? (istalgan film) |
| Which film do you want to watch — this one or that one? | Qaysi filmni — bunisinimi, unisinimi? |
| What languages do you speak? | Qaysi tillarda gaplashasiz? (umuman) |
| Which language is harder, English or Korean? | Qaysi biri qiyinroq: ingliz yoki koreys? |
Which ko‘pincha of va one bilan keladi: Which of these bags is yours? Which one do you prefer? What dan keyin of ishlatilmaydi: What of these ✗.
How + sifat: o‘lchov savollari
How ga sifat yoki ravish qo‘shib, istalgan o‘lchovni so‘rash mumkin. O‘zbekchada bunday savollar ko‘pincha “qancha” yoki “qanchalik” bilan tuziladi.
- How big is your flat? — Kvartirangiz qanchalik katta?
- How deep is the lake? — Ko‘l qanchalik chuqur?
- How hot is it in Termez in July? — Iyulda Termizda qanchalik issiq bo‘ladi?
- How fast can you type? — Qanchalik tez yoza olasiz?
- How early should we arrive? — Qancha erta kelishimiz kerak?
How long ikki ma’noli: vaqt (How long is the film? — Two hours) va uzunlik (How long is the bridge? — 300 metres). Masofa uchun esa how far: How far is Samarkand from Tashkent?
Bir so‘z o‘zgarsa, boshqa savol chiqadi
| Savol | Nimani so‘raydi | Namuna javob |
|---|---|---|
| How is your brother? | ahvoli, sog‘lig‘i | He’s fine, thanks. |
| What is your brother like? | xarakteri | He’s funny and a bit lazy. |
| What does your brother look like? | tashqi ko‘rinishi | He’s tall with dark hair. |
| What does your brother like? | nimani yoqtirishi | He likes football. |
| Who’s this? | kim ekanligi | My cousin. |
| Whose is this? | kimga tegishliligi | Mine. |
Who’s (= who is) va whose bir xil talaffuz qilinadi, lekin ma’nosi boshqa. Ular haqida batafsil who, whom, whose farqi sahifasida.
How is your name? Tarjimadan chiqadigan beshta xato
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Qayerdan keladi |
|---|---|---|
| How is your name? | What’s your name? | ruscha Как тебя зовут? |
| How do you call this in English? | What do you call this in English? | ruscha Как это называется? |
| How many years do you have? | How old are you? | ruscha Сколько тебе лет? |
| How much people came? | How many people came? | odamlar sanaladi — many |
| Which is your name? | What’s your name? | ism tanlovdan olinmaydi |
Savoldagi so‘z tartibi (Where you live? ✗ → Where do you live? ✓) boshqa mavzu. Uni maxsus so‘roq gaplar sahifasida formulasi bilan ko‘rib chiqing. Who called you? va Who did you call? farqi esa subject va object savollar qo‘llanmasida.
Dialog: ingliz tili kursiga yozilish
Administrator: Good morning! How can I help you?
Laylo: Hi. I’d like to join an English course. Which courses do you have?
Administrator: General English, IELTS and Speaking Club. What’s your level?
Laylo: I think B1. How long is the IELTS course?
Administrator: Three months. How often can you come?
Laylo: Three times a week. What time are the evening classes?
Administrator: At six thirty. Who recommended us, by the way?
Laylo: My sister. How much is it per month?
Administrator: Here’s the price list. Which days suit you best?
Dialogda to‘qqizta so‘roq so‘zi va birikma bor: how, which, what, how long, how often, what time, who, how much va yana which. Laylo o‘rnida bo‘lib, savollarni o‘zingizga moslang.
Mashq: 14 ta savol
A. Bo‘sh joyga so‘roq so‘zini qo‘ying.
- 1. ______ is your favourite teacher? — Mr Karimov.
- 2. ______ do you usually have lunch? — At 1 p.m.
- 3. ______ bag is this? — It’s Malika’s.
- 4. ______ brothers and sisters do you have? — Three.
- 5. ______ does a metro ticket cost? — Not much.
- 6. ______ do you visit your grandparents? — Every Sunday.
- 7. ______ is it from here to the bazaar? — About two kilometres.
- 8. ______ were you absent yesterday? — I was ill.
B. What yoki which?
- 9. ______ is your address?
- 10. Tea or coffee — ______ do you prefer?
- 11. ______ of these two phones is cheaper?
C. O‘zbekchadan tarjima qiling.
- 12. Nechanchi qavatda yashaysiz?
- 13. Opangiz qanaqa odam? (xarakteri)
- 14. Buni inglizcha nima deyiladi?
Javoblar
1 — Who; 2 — What time (yoki When); 3 — Whose; 4 — How many; 5 — How much; 6 — How often; 7 — How far; 8 — Why.
9 — What; 10 — which; 11 — Which.
12 — Which floor do you live on? 13 — What is your sister like? 14 — What do you call this in English? / How do you say this in English?
Izohlar:
- 2-gap: javobda aniq soat bor — what time; when ham xato emas, lekin kamroq aniq.
- 5-gap: narx — how much; how many sanaladigan narsalar soni uchun.
- 7-gap: masofa — how far, how long emas.
- 9-gap: manzil tanlovdan olinmaydi — what.
- 10 va 11-gaplar: variantlar aniq (choy yoki qahva; ikkita telefon) — which.
- 12-gap: “nechanchi” uchun ingliz tilida alohida so‘z yo‘q, which + ot ishlatiladi.
- 14-gap: How do you call this xato; so‘zni so‘rashda what … call yoki how … say.
Savollarni yozma tuzishni mashq qilish uchun so‘roq gap tuzish mashqlari sahifasiga o‘ting, muloyim savollar uchun esa indirect questions qo‘llanmasini o‘qing.
Savol berishni Bandi bilan mashq qiling
Ko‘p o‘quvchi savolga javob berishni biladi, lekin o‘zi savol berishga qiynaladi: suhbat bir tomonlama bo‘lib qoladi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan rol o‘ynang: siz jurnalistsiz, Bandi mehmon. Har javobdan keyin yangi so‘roq so‘zi bilan savol bering, ilova esa how is your name kabi xatolarni ko‘rsatadi. Bugun jadvaldan beshta so‘z tanlab, oila a’zolaringizdan biriga inglizcha savol bering.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
