IELTS Speakingda grammatika Grammatical Range and Accuracy mezoni bo‘yicha baholanadi va u to‘rt mezondan biri (IELTS scoring). Examiner ikki narsaga qaraydi: qanchalik xilma-xil tuzilmalarni moslashuvchan ishlatasiz (range) va gaplaringizning qanchasi xatosiz (accuracy). Bu yerda inversiya kabi “kam uchraydigan” tuzilmalar ro‘yxati yo‘q: fikr talab qilgan tuzilmani to‘g‘ri ishlatish muhim.
Bu sahifa faqat Speaking grammatikasi haqida. To‘rt mezonning umumiy tushuntirishi band descriptors o‘zbekcha sahifasida, yozma nutqdagi grammatika esa Writing grammar range and accuracy sahifasida.
Rasmiy descriptorlar nima deydi
Quyidagi jadval IELTS Speaking band descriptorlarining grammatika qismini o‘z so‘zlarimiz bilan qisqacha beradi. Aniq ifodani asl hujjatdan o‘qing.
| Band | Diapazon (range) | Aniqlik (accuracy) |
|---|---|---|
| 8 | Keng doiradagi tuzilmalarni moslashuvchan ishlatadi | Gaplarning ko‘pchiligi xatosiz; ahyon-ahyonda noo‘rin qo‘llash yoki tizimli bo‘lmagan oddiy xato |
| 7 | Murakkab tuzilmalarni ma’lum darajada moslashuvchan ishlatadi | Xatosiz gaplar tez-tez uchraydi, lekin ba’zi xatolar saqlanib qoladi |
| 6 | Oddiy va murakkab tuzilmalar aralash, moslashuvchanlik cheklangan | Murakkab tuzilmalarda xatolar ko‘p bo‘lishi mumkin, lekin ular tushunishga kamdan-kam xalaqit beradi |
| 5 | Asosan oddiy gaplar, ular ancha to‘g‘ri; murakkab tuzilmalar kam | Murakkab gaplarda odatda xato bor va ular ba’zan tushunishni qiyinlashtiradi |
Jadvaldan uchta xulosa:
- Range va accuracy birga ishlaydi. Faqat oddiy gaplar bilan xatosiz gapirish diapazonni cheklaydi. Murakkab gaplarni doim xato bilan aytish esa aniqlikni tushiradi.
- “Moslashuvchan” kalit so‘z. Bu tuzilmani fikrga qarab tanlash degani: sabab uchun because, qarama-qarshilik uchun although, faraz uchun if… would. Oldindan tayyorlangan tuzilmani har javobga tiqish moslashuvchanlik emas.
- Xato tushunishga xalaqit beradimi? Band 5 va 6 orasidagi farqlardan biri shu. Tinglovchi fikrni noto‘g‘ri tushunadigan xato mayda xatodan og‘irroq.
Speaking va Writing grammatikasi farqi
Og‘zaki nutqda qisqa javoblar, qisqartmalar (I’m, didn’t) va And yoki But bilan boshlangan gaplar tabiiy. Not really. yoki Probably the second one. — to‘liq gap bo‘lmasa ham, suhbatda to‘g‘ri javob. Gapirayotganda o‘z xatoingizni tuzatishingiz ham mumkin; buni qanday qilish self-correction sahifasida. Examiner butun suhbat davomidagi grammatikaga qaraydi, bitta gapga emas.
Speakingda “murakkab tuzilma” nima
Murakkab tuzilma — ikki yoki undan ko‘p fikrni bitta gapda bog‘lash. Quyidagi tuzilmalar Speakingning uchala qismida tabiiy chiqadi:
| Tuzilma | Qaysi qismda tabiiy | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| Relative clause (who, which, where) | Part 1, 2 | The café where we usually meet is right next to the metro. |
| Sabab va natija (because, so) | Hammasida | I moved closer to work because the traffic was driving me crazy. |
| Qarama-qarshilik (although, while) | Part 3 | Although online courses are cheaper, many people still prefer a real teacher. |
| O‘tmishdagi odat (used to) | Part 1, 2 | I used to play football every day, but now I hardly have time. |
| Present Perfect (tajriba, davom) | Part 1 | I’ve lived in this flat since 2019. |
| Ikkinchi shart gap | Part 1, 3 | If I had more free time, I’d learn to play the dutar. |
| Uchinchi shart gap | Part 2 | If I hadn’t gone to that wedding, I would never have met him. |
| Passiv | Part 3 | A lot of old buildings have been replaced by apartment blocks. |
| Ehtimollik modallari | Part 3 | Shops might become places for meeting friends rather than buying things. |
| Ko‘chirma gap | Part 2 | She told me that she had never seen snow before. |
Bu ro‘yxatni “ishlatish shart” bo‘lgan tuzilmalar deb o‘qimang. Descriptorlarda aniq tuzilmalar ro‘yxati yo‘q. Ular — fikringiz tabiiy talab qilganda qo‘l ostida bo‘lishi kerak bo‘lgan vositalar.
Nega majburiy inversiya ishlamaydi
Bu sahifaning oldingi versiyasida Rarely do I venture out during weekdays kabi inversiyani Band 8 belgisi deb tavsiya qilgan edik. Bu noto‘g‘ri maslahat edi. Og‘zaki suhbatda bunday gap odatda yodlangandek eshitiladi va keyingi oddiy gapdagi xato bilan birga kelsa, diapazon emas, tayyorlangan shablon ekani seziladi. I hardly ever go out on weekdays — tabiiy, to‘g‘ri va yetarli.
Oldin va keyin: bitta Part 2 parchasi
Karta (mashq uchun): Describe a time you helped someone.
Oldin: Last winter was very cold. My neighbour is old woman. She live alone. Electricity was off. I help her. I bring water. She was happy.
Gaplar tushunarli, lekin deyarli hammasi oddiy, bir xil tuzilishda va bir nechtasida xato bor: is old woman, she live, I help, I bring.
Keyin: Last winter, when the electricity went off for two days, I helped our neighbour, who’s in her seventies and lives alone. I carried water up to her flat, and since her phone had died, I charged it at ours. She was so grateful that she called my mum the next day to thank me.
Qo‘shilgan tuzilmalar: when bilan vaqt ergash gapi, who bilan relative clause, since bilan sabab, Past Perfect (had died), so… that. Hech biri majburan qo‘yilmagan: hikoyaning o‘zi ularni talab qildi.
O‘zbek o‘quvchilarining sakkizta grammatik xatosi
| Xato | To‘g‘ri | Sababi |
|---|---|---|
| She live alone. | She lives alone. | Uchinchi shaxs birlikda -s; o‘zbek fe’lida bunday farq yo‘q |
| My sister, he is a doctor. | My sister is a doctor. | “U” jinsni bildirmaydi; ortiqcha olmosh |
| I am student. | I’m a student. | Artikl o‘zbek va rus tilida yo‘q |
| Yesterday I have been to the bazaar. | Yesterday I went to the bazaar. | Aniq o‘tgan vaqt bilan Past Simple |
| I live here since 2019. | I’ve lived here since 2019. | Since bilan hozirgacha davom — Present Perfect |
| What means this word? | What does this word mean? | Savolda yordamchi fe’l kerak |
| Weather very hot. | The weather is very hot. | Ruschadagi kabi is tushib qolmasin |
| It is more better. | It’s much better. | Better allaqachon qiyosiy daraja |
Umumiy B1–B2 grammatik xatolarning to‘liqroq ro‘yxati va testi B1–B2 grammatika xatolari sahifasida.
O‘z grammatikangizni qanday tekshirasiz
- Yozib oling. Bitta Part 2 kartasiga ikki daqiqa gapiring.
- Birinchi 60 soniyani so‘zma-so‘z yozing. Xatolarni tuzatmasdan, qanday aytgan bo‘lsangiz shunday.
- Har gapni belgilang: X — xatosi bor, M — murakkab (ikki fikr bog‘langan), belgi yo‘q — oddiy va to‘g‘ri.
- Xulosa qiling. Xatosiz gaplar ko‘pchilikmi yoki ozchilik? Murakkab gaplarning nechtasida xato bor? Qaysi xato ikki marta takrorlandi?
- Bitta xatoni tanlang va shu hikoyani yana bir marta gapiring.
Bu ball kalkulyatori emas: descriptorlardagi “tez-tez” yoki “ko‘pchilik” so‘zlari sanoq qoidasi emas. Lekin bu tekshiruv zaif joyingizni aniq ko‘rsatadi.
Mashq
A. Xatoni tuzating.
- 1. My brother work in a bank and he don’t like it.
- 2. When I was child, I have lived in Fergana.
- 3. Could you tell me what does this word mean?
- 4. If I will have time, I will visit Khiva.
- 5. I am agree that children spend too much time online.
B. Ikki gapni bitta murakkab gapga birlashtiring.
- 6. I have a friend. She lives in Seoul.
- 7. Online shopping is convenient. Many people still go to the bazaar.
- 8. I didn’t know about the concert. I didn’t buy a ticket.
Javoblar:
- 1. My brother works in a bank, and he doesn’t like it. Ikkala fe’lda ham uchinchi shaxs.
- 2. When I was a child, I lived in Fergana. Tugagan o‘tmish, artikl.
- 3. Could you tell me what this word means? Ichki savolda so‘z tartibi darak gapdagidek.
- 4. If I have time, I’ll visit Khiva. If dan keyin kelajak uchun Present Simple.
- 5. I agree that children spend too much time online.
- 6. I have a friend who lives in Seoul.
- 7. Although online shopping is convenient, many people still go to the bazaar.
- 8. If I had known about the concert, I would have bought a ticket. Yoki oddiyroq: I didn’t buy a ticket because I didn’t know about the concert.
Sakkizinchi javobning ikkala varianti to‘g‘ri. Qaysi birini tanlash hikoyaga bog‘liq: afsus bildirmoqchi bo‘lsangiz — shart gap, shunchaki sabab aytmoqchi bo‘lsangiz — because.
BandMate bilan mashq
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan ovozli suhbat va IELTS Speaking mock test orqali gapirib, grammatik xatolaringiz bo‘yicha fikr olishingiz va qisqa darslarda aynan takrorlanadigan xato ustida ishlashingiz mumkin. Ilova fikrini yuqoridagi transkript tekshiruvi bilan birga ishlating. Uning natijasi taxminiy, rasmiy IELTS bandi emas.
Manbalar
- IELTS: Speaking band descriptors va baholash resurslari
- IELTS: baholash qanday ishlaydi
- IELTS: Speaking testining rasmiy formati
