If dan boshqa shart bog‘lovchilari ham bor va har birining o‘z ma’nosi bor. Unless = “agar ... -masa”: I’ll come unless it rains. Provided (that) va as long as = “faqat ... sharti bilan”: You can borrow my car as long as you fill the tank. In case shart emas, ehtiyot: “har ehtimolga qarshi”: Take some cash in case the card doesn’t work. Otherwise = “aks holda”, alohida gapni boshlaydi: Hurry up, otherwise we’ll be late.
Hammasiga bitta qoida tegishli: bu so‘zlardan keyin kelajak ma’nosida ham oddiy present turadi, will emas — xuddi first conditional dagi if kabi.
Beshta bog‘lovchi bitta jadvalda
| Bog‘lovchi | Ma’no | O‘zbekcha | Misol | Uslub |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unless | if … not | agar … -masa | We’ll eat outside unless it gets cold. | neytral |
| provided (that) / providing | only if | … sharti bilan | You can join, provided that you arrive on time. | rasmiyroq |
| as long as / so long as | only if | … bo‘lsa bas; … ekan | I don’t mind the noise as long as you finish by ten. | so‘zlashuv |
| in case | ehtiyot chorasi | har ehtimolga qarshi; … bo‘lib qolsa deb | I’ll save the file twice in case the laptop crashes. | neytral |
| otherwise | if not (alohida gapda) | aks holda; bo‘lmasa | Write it down, otherwise you’ll forget. | neytral |
Shartga yaqin yana uchta ibora: even if (hatto ... bo‘lsa ham), only if (faqat ... bo‘lsagina) va on condition that (rasmiy hujjatlarda, “... sharti bilan”).
Unless: “agar ... -masa”
Unless ning o‘zida inkor bor, shuning uchun undan keyin fe’l tasdiq shaklda qoladi:
- Unless you water the seedlings, they’ll dry out. = If you don’t water the seedlings… — Ko‘chatlarni sug‘ormasangiz, qurib qoladi.
- I don’t drink coffee unless I’m really tired. — Juda charchamasam, kofe ichmayman.
- Don’t call me unless it’s urgent. — Shoshilinch bo‘lmasa, qo‘ng‘iroq qilmang.
- The shop won’t give you a refund unless you have the receipt. — Chekingiz bo‘lmasa, do‘kon pulni qaytarmaydi.
**Unless har doim if not o‘rnini bosa olmaydi.** Agar natija aynan “bo‘lmaganidan” kelib chiqsa, if … not qoladi:
- I’ll be surprised if she doesn’t win. — U yutmasa, hayron bo‘laman. (unless she wins bu yerda g‘alati eshitiladi.)
- I’d be happier if I didn’t have to commute two hours. — Bu his-tuyg‘u, istisno emas, shuning uchun if … not.
Oddiy qoida: unless “... bundan mustasno” degan istisno ohangini beradi. Istisno bo‘lmasa, if not ishlating.
Provided (that) va providing: rasmiy shart
Provided that shartni qat’iyroq qo‘yadi: “faqat shunda, boshqa holda yo‘q”. Shartnomalar, qoidalar, e’lonlarda ko‘p uchraydi. That ni tushirib qoldirish mumkin:
- You may take the books home, provided (that) you return them within two weeks. — Ikki hafta ichida qaytarish sharti bilan kitoblarni uyga olib ketishingiz mumkin.
- Providing the weather is good, the concert will be held in the park. — Ob-havo yaxshi bo‘lsa, konsert bog‘da o‘tkaziladi.
- Students can retake the test once, provided they pay the fee. — Talabalar to‘lov qilish sharti bilan testni bir marta qayta topshirishi mumkin.
As long as: “... bo‘lsa bas”
As long as ma’no jihatidan provided ga juda yaqin, lekin kundalik nutqda ko‘proq ishlatiladi va iliqroq eshitiladi. Ota-onalar, do‘stlar, ish beruvchilarning shartlarini aytishda tabiiy:
- You can play computer games as long as you finish your homework first. — Avval uy vazifasini tugatsang bas, kompyuter o‘yini o‘ynayverasan.
- I’ll lend you the money as long as you pay me back by Friday. — Jumagacha qaytarsang bo‘ldi, pul beraman.
- As long as we’re together, I don’t care where we live. — Birga bo‘lsak bas, qayerda yashashimiz muhim emas.
Diqqat: as long as ning vaqt ma’nosi ham bor — “... davomida, ... ekan”: I’ll remember this day as long as I live. (Umrim bor ekan, bu kunni eslayman.) Kontekstdan qaysi ma’no ekani odatda aniq bo‘ladi.
In case: shart emas, ehtiyot
Eng ko‘p chalkashlik shu yerda. If bilan in case butunlay boshqa narsani aytadi:
| If | In case |
|---|---|
| I’ll buy bread if we run out. — Tugab qolsa, non olaman (tugashini kutaman, keyin olaman). | I’ll buy bread in case we run out. — Tugab qolishi mumkin, shuning uchun hozir olib qo‘yaman. |
| Take an umbrella if it rains. — Yomg‘ir yog‘sa, soyabon ol (yog‘sa — olasan). | Take an umbrella in case it rains. — Yog‘ib qolishi mumkin, soyabonni hozir ol. |
| Call me if you get lost. — Adashsang, qo‘ng‘iroq qil. | Here’s my number in case you get lost. — Adashib qolsang deb, mana raqamim. |
O‘zbekcha “har ehtimolga qarshi”, “... bo‘lib qolsa deb” iboralarini eshitsangiz — bu in case. In case dan keyin ham will ishlatilmaydi: in case it rains, in case it will rain emas.
Ot bilan in case of: In case of fire, use the stairs. — Yong‘in chiqqanda zinadan foydalaning. Bu rasmiy yozuvlarda, e’lonlarda uchraydi va ma’nosi aslida if there is a fire.
Otherwise: gapdan keyin keladigan “aks holda”
Otherwise ikki gapni bog‘laydi: birinchisida buyruq yoki reja, ikkinchisida bajarilmasa nima bo‘lishi:
- Leave now. Otherwise you’ll miss the last bus. — Hozir chiq, bo‘lmasa oxirgi avtobusga ulgurmaysan.
- I wrote down the address; otherwise I would have forgotten it. — Manzilni yozib oldim, aks holda unutgan bo‘lardim.
- We need to book a table, or else we won’t get in. — Stol band qilishimiz kerak, bo‘lmasa kira olmaymiz.
Og‘zaki nutqda or va or else ham xuddi shu ma’noda keladi. Otherwise dan oldin nuqta yoki nuqtali vergul qo‘yiladi. Bog‘lovchilarning boshqa turlari — zidlik, sabab, qo‘shish — qo‘shma gaplar sahifasida, although va despite esa although, despite, in spite of sahifasida.
Unless bilan ikki inkor va boshqa xatolar
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| Unless you don’t hurry, you’ll be late. | Unless you hurry, you’ll be late. | unless da inkor bor |
| I’ll come unless it will rain. | I’ll come unless it rains. | kelajak ma’nosida ham present |
| Take a charger if your phone dies. (ehtiyot ma’nosida) | Take a charger in case your phone dies. | ehtiyot — in case |
| You can go out as long as you will be home by ten. | You can go out as long as you’re home by ten. | as long as dan keyin present |
| Provided you not smoke, you can stay. | Provided you don’t smoke, you can stay. | inkor do bilan yasaladi |
| Hurry up, unless we’ll be late. | Hurry up, otherwise we’ll be late. | buyruqdan keyin otherwise |
Ijaraga kvartira: qisqa suhbat
Talaba Sanjar Chilonzordan kvartira ijaraga olmoqchi. Uy egasi Dilbar opa shartlarini aytyapti.
Sanjar: The flat is great. Can I move in next week?
Dilbar opa: Yes, provided that you pay the first two months in advance.
Sanjar: That’s fine. Can my friend stay sometimes?
Dilbar opa: As long as he doesn’t live here permanently, no problem.
Sanjar: And can I have a cat?
Dilbar opa: Not unless you pay a small deposit for the furniture.
Sanjar: OK. Should I have your number?
Dilbar opa: Yes, here it is, in case something breaks. And please always lock the door, otherwise the insurance won’t cover anything.
Har bir bog‘lovchi o‘z vazifasini bajaradi: provided — qat’iy shart, as long as — yumshoq shart, unless — istisno, in case — ehtiyot, otherwise — oqibat.
Mashq: 14 ta gap
A. Unless, as long as, in case yoki otherwise?
- 1. Take a jacket ______ it gets cold in the evening.
- 2. You can use my laptop ______ you don’t install anything.
- 3. I won’t go to the party ______ you come with me.
- 4. Save your work every ten minutes, ______ you might lose it.
- 5. I’ll give you my spare key ______ you lose yours.
- 6. We’ll have the picnic tomorrow ______ it rains.
- 7. I don’t mind lending you my car ______ you drive carefully.
B. If yoki in case? Ma’noga qarab tanlang.
- 8. I’ll bring some snacks ______ we get hungry on the way. (hozir olib qo‘yaman)
- 9. ______ you see Farrux, tell him to call me.
- 10. Write down my number ______ you need help later.
C. Xatoni toping va tuzating.
- 11. Unless you don’t study, you won’t pass.
- 12. I’ll wait here in case you will need me.
- 13. You can stay as long as you will be quiet.
- 14. Provided that it won’t rain, we’ll play football.
Javoblar
- 1. in case — ehtiyot: sovuq bo‘lib qolishi mumkin.
- 2. as long as (yoki provided) — shart.
- 3. unless — “sen kelmasang, bormayman”.
- 4. otherwise — buyruqdan keyin oqibat.
- 5. in case — kalitni yo‘qotib qo‘ysang deb, oldindan.
- 6. unless — “yomg‘ir yog‘masa”.
- 7. as long as — shart.
- 8. in case — ochiqib qolishimiz mumkin, oldindan olib qo‘yaman.
- 9. If — ko‘rsang, ayt; ehtiyot emas, shart.
- 10. in case — keyin kerak bo‘lib qolsa deb, hozir yozib ol.
- 11. Unless you study, you won’t pass. — ikki inkor olib tashlandi.
- 12. I’ll wait here in case you need me. — in case dan keyin present.
- 13. You can stay as long as you’re quiet. — as long as dan keyin present.
- 14. Provided that it doesn’t rain, we’ll play football. — shart qismida present.
Shart gaplarning hamma turlarini bitta sahifada ko‘rish uchun shart gaplar xaritasi ga qayting.
Shart va kelishuvlarni jonli suhbatda ishlatish
Bu bog‘lovchilar kelishuv, ijara, ish shartlari haqida gapirganda kerak bo‘ladi — ya’ni aynan tez javob berish kerak bo‘lgan vaziyatlarda. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan rolli suhbatlarda (xarid, ijara, ish) qatnashasiz va javoblaringizni ovoz chiqarib aytasiz. Hozir sinab ko‘ring: uyingizdagi uchta qoidani as long as, unless va in case bilan ayting — masalan, You can use the car as long as…
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