Used to + fe’l o‘tmishda bo‘lgan, endi yo‘q odat yoki holatni bildiradi: I used to live in Nukus — ilgari Nukusda yashardim (endi yashamayman). Be used to + -ing yoki ot esa “ko‘nikkanman, o‘rganib qolganman” degani: I’m used to living in a big city — katta shaharda yashashga ko‘nikkanman. Get used to — ko‘nikish jarayoni: I’m getting used to the metro — metroga asta-sekin ko‘nikyapman. Would esa o‘tmishda takrorlangan harakatlar haqida, ko‘pincha xotira ohangida: Every summer we would go to the village.
Uch qurilma bir-biriga o‘xshaydi, lekin ma’nosi butunlay boshqa. Farqni ushlaydigan eng oddiy belgi — used to dan keyin nima keladi: oddiy fe’l (used to live) yoki -ing / ot (used to living, used to the noise).
To‘rt qurilma bitta jadvalda
| Qurilma | Ma’no | Keyin nima keladi | Misol | O‘zbekcha |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| used to | o‘tmishdagi odat yoki holat, endi yo‘q | V1 | I used to smoke. | Ilgari chekardim. |
| would | o‘tmishda takrorlangan harakat | V1 | He would bring us sweets. | U bizga shirinlik olib kelardi. |
| be used to | ko‘nikkan, odatlangan | V-ing yoki ot | She’s used to working at night. | U kechasi ishlashga ko‘nikkan. |
| get used to | ko‘nikib borish, odatlanish | V-ing yoki ot | You’ll get used to the cold. | Sovuqqa ko‘nikib qolasiz. |
O‘zbekcha ustunga qarang: birinchi ikkitasi “-ardi / -ar edi” qo‘shimchasi bilan, keyingi ikkitasi “ko‘nikmoq, o‘rganib qolmoq” fe’li bilan tarjima qilinadi. Tarjimada adashsangiz, o‘zbekcha gapni o‘ylab ko‘ring: “-ardim” bo‘lsa — used to, “ko‘nikkanman” bo‘lsa — be used to.
Used to: “ilgari shunday edi, endi yo‘q”
Yasalishi
| Gap turi | Shakl | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| Darak | used to + V1 | We used to have a dog. |
| Inkor | didn’t use to + V1 | I didn’t use to like coffee. |
| So‘roq | Did + ega + use to + V1? | Did you use to play football? |
| Ha/yo‘q javobi | Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. | — |
Inkor va so‘roqda d tushib qoladi: didn’t use to, did you use to. Sabab oddiy: did o‘tgan zamonni o‘zi ko‘rsatadi, xuddi didn’t work dagi kabi. Talaffuzda esa farq yo‘q: used to ham, use to ham [ˈjuːstə] deb, “yusta” kabi aytiladi. Used ning “z” tovushi bilan aytilishi (This car is used — ishlatilgan) boshqa so‘z.
Used to faqat o‘tmish uchun. Hozirgi odat uchun usually bilan Present Simple kerak: I usually walk to work, I use to walk emas.
Misollar
- My father used to work at the Tashkent tractor plant. — Otam ilgari traktor zavodida ishlardi.
- There used to be a cinema on this street. — Bu ko‘chada ilgari kinoteatr bor edi.
- I used to be very shy at school. — Maktabda juda uyatchan edim.
- We didn’t use to have a car. — Ilgari mashinamiz yo‘q edi.
- Did your grandparents use to live in the mahalla? — Bobo-buvingiz ilgari mahallada yashaganmi?
- She used to hate vegetables, but now she loves them. — Ilgari sabzavotni yomon ko‘rardi, endi yaxshi ko‘radi.
- People used to write letters; now they send voice messages. — Odamlar ilgari xat yozardi, endi ovozli xabar yuboradi.
IELTS Speaking Part 1’da How has your hometown changed? yoki Did you like school? kabi savollarga used to eng tabiiy javob: My neighbourhood used to be very quiet, but now there’s a big shopping centre. Bunday savollar va namuna javoblar hometown savollari sahifasida.
Would: xotiradagi takroriy harakat
Would ham o‘tmish odatini bildiradi, lekin ikki cheklov bor:
- Faqat harakat, holat emas. Every evening Grandma would tell us stories — to‘g‘ri. We would live in Andijan — xato, live holat; We used to live in Andijan bo‘ladi. Xuddi shunday be, have (egalik), know, like bilan would ishlatilmaydi.
- Vaqt aniq bo‘lishi kerak. Hikoyaning boshida used to bilan sahnani ochib, keyin would bilan davom etish odatiy: When I was a child, we used to spend summers in Chimgan. My uncle would wake us up at five, and we would walk to the river.
Would ko‘proq yozma va hikoya ohangida. Og‘zaki nutqda used to hamma joyda ishlaydi, shuning uchun ikkilansangiz, used to ni tanlang.
Be used to va get used to: ko‘nikish
Bu yerda used sifat kabi ishlaydi va “ko‘nikkan, o‘rganib qolgan” ma’nosini beradi. Undan keyin to predlog bo‘lgani uchun fe’l -ing oladi yoki ot keladi.
| Shakl | Ma’no | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| am/is/are used to | hozir ko‘nikkan | I’m used to getting up early. — Erta turishga ko‘nikkanman. |
| am/is/are not used to | ko‘nikmagan | He isn’t used to spicy food. — U achchiq ovqatga o‘rganmagan. |
| was/were used to | o‘tmishda ko‘nikkan edi | We were used to long queues. — Uzun navbatlarga o‘rganib qolgan edik. |
| get used to | ko‘nikib qolish | You’ll soon get used to driving in Tashkent. — Toshkentda mashina haydashga tez ko‘nikasiz. |
| am getting used to | ko‘nikyapman | I’m getting used to my new job. — Yangi ishimga ko‘nikyapman. |
| got used to | ko‘nikdim | It took me a year to get used to the weather in London. — London ob-havosiga bir yilda ko‘nikdim. |
| have got used to | ko‘nikib bo‘ldim | I’ve got used to working from home. — Uydan ishlashga ko‘nikib bo‘ldim. |
Talabalar, chet elda ishlaganlar va yangi ishga kirganlar bu qurilmani ayniqsa ko‘p ishlatadi: At first I wasn’t used to speaking English all day, but I got used to it after two months.
Eng ko‘p chalkashadigan juftliklar
| Gap | Ma’nosi |
|---|---|
| I used to drive on the right. | Ilgari o‘ngdan haydardim (endi emas). |
| I’m used to driving on the right. | O‘ngdan haydashga ko‘nikkanman. |
| I used to work at night. | Ilgari kechasi ishlardim. |
| I’m used to working at night. | Kechasi ishlashga o‘rganib qolganman. |
| She used to live alone. | U ilgari yolg‘iz yashardi. |
| She’s getting used to living alone. | U yolg‘iz yashashga ko‘nikyapti. |
Qoidani bir jumlada eslang: used to + V1 = ilgari; be/get used to + -ing = ko‘nikish.
O‘zbek o‘rganuvchilari qiladigan xatolar
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Sabab |
|---|---|---|
| I use to go to the gym every day. | I usually go to the gym every day. | hozirgi odat uchun used to yo‘q |
| I didn’t used to like tea. | I didn’t use to like tea. | did dan keyin use |
| I’m used to get up early. | I’m used to getting up early. | be used to dan keyin -ing |
| I used to getting up early. | I used to get up early. | used to dan keyin V1 |
| We would have a big garden. | We used to have a big garden. | have (egalik) holat — would emas |
| I can’t used to this weather. | I can’t get used to this weather. | ko‘nikish jarayoni — get used to |
| Before I was playing football every day. | I used to play football every day. | o‘zbekcha “-ardim” — used to |
Oxirgi xato juda tipik: o‘zbekcha “o‘ynardim” so‘zidagi davomiylikni ko‘rib, Past Continuous qo‘yiladi. Aslida bu odat, uning uchun used to yoki oddiy Past Simple kerak. Ikki o‘tgan zamon farqi Past Simple va Past Continuous farqi sahifasida.
Mashq: 14 ta gap
A. Used to, be used to yoki get used to? Gapni to‘ldiring.
- 1. When I was a child, I ______ (be) afraid of dogs.
- 2. I’ve lived in Tashkent for ten years, so I ______ (be) the traffic.
- 3. It’s hard at first, but you’ll ______ (wear) glasses.
- 4. ______ you ______ (play) any sport at school?
- 5. My mother ______ (not / drink) coffee, but now she has three cups a day.
- 6. He moved to Seoul last month and he’s still ______ (eat) with chopsticks.
- 7. There ______ (be) a small bazaar near our house.
- 8. Nurses ______ (be) working long hours.
B. Would ishlatish mumkinmi? Mumkin bo‘lsa, would bilan qayta yozing; mumkin bo‘lmasa, “yo‘q” deb yozing.
- 9. Every Friday my grandfather used to cook osh for the whole family.
- 10. I used to have long hair.
- 11. In winter we used to go sledging in the yard.
- 12. She used to know all her classmates’ phone numbers.
C. Xatoni tuzating.
- 13. I’m not used to speak English on the phone.
- 14. Did you used to live here?
Javoblar
1 — used to be; 2 — am used to; 3 — get used to wearing; 4 — Did … use to play; 5 — didn’t use to drink; 6 — getting used to eating; 7 — used to be; 8 — are used to.
9 — Every Friday my grandfather would cook osh for the whole family. 10 — yo‘q (have egalik, holat). 11 — In winter we would go sledging in the yard. 12 — yo‘q (know holat fe’li).
13 — I’m not used to speaking English on the phone. 14 — Did you use to live here?
Izohlar:
- 2-gap: o‘n yil yashagan odam tirbandlikka ko‘nikkan, demak holat: am used to the traffic. Used to the traffic dan keyin ot keldi, -ing shart emas.
- 3-gap: get used to dan keyin ham -ing: wearing.
- 6-gap: jarayon hali davom etyapti, shuning uchun is getting used to. Gapda he’s allaqachon berilgan.
- 8-gap: hamshiralar uzoq ishlashga ko‘nikkan — hozirgi holat.
- 10 va 12-gaplar: would faqat takroriy harakat bilan ishlaydi. Soch uzunligi va raqamlarni bilish — holat.
11 tadan ko‘p to‘g‘ri javob bo‘lsa, siz uchta qurilmani ajratyapsiz. -ing va infinitive farqini chuqurroq mashq qilish uchun gerund va infinitive mashqlari foydali bo‘ladi.
BandMate bilan gapirib mashq qiling
Used to ni gapda ishlatishning eng yaxshi usuli — o‘z hayotingiz haqida gapirish. BandMate ilovasida Bandi sizdan bolaligingiz, maktabingiz yoki shahringiz qanday o‘zgargani haqida so‘raydi, siz ovoz chiqarib javob berasiz va xatolaringiz ko‘rsatiladi. Bugun sinab ko‘ring: “ilgari shunday edim, endi boshqacha” mavzusida uchta used to gapi va “bunga hali ko‘nikmadim” mavzusida bitta get used to gapi ayting.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
