Enjoy, finish, avoid, keep, mind kabi fe’llardan va har qanday predlogdan keyin fe’l -ing oladi (enjoy coding, good at drawing), want, decide, hope, plan, agree dan keyin esa to + fe’l keladi (want to leave). Stop, remember, forget, try, regret ikkala shakl bilan ham ishlatiladi, lekin ma’nosi o‘zgaradi; fe’llar ro‘yxati va qoida gerund va infinitive farqi sahifasida.
Bu sahifada 30 ta topshiriq bor, hammasi bir odam atrofida: Ulug‘bek 27 yoshda, IT Parkdagi kompaniyada dasturchi bo‘lib ishlaydi, uylangan, kichkina o‘g‘li bor. Birinchi ikki bosqichda shaklni tanlaysiz, uchinchisida ma’noni, to‘rtinchisida o‘zbekcha fikrdan kelgan xatolarni tuzatasiz. Har javobning yonida qisqa izoh bor: faqat to‘g‘ri variantni emas, nima uchun to‘g‘ri ekanini ham tekshiring.
1-bosqich: -ing yoki to (1–10)
Qavsdagi fe’lni to‘g‘ri shaklda yozing.
- 1. Ulug‘bek enjoys ______ (solve) difficult bugs.
- 2. He wants ______ (move) to a bigger company next year.
- 3. His team lead keeps ______ (change) the deadline.
- 4. Ulug‘bek has finally agreed ______ (give) a talk at the next meetup.
- 5. He avoids ______ (take) the metro at rush hour.
- 6. We’re planning ______ (rent) a dacha in Bo‘stonliq for the weekend.
- 7. Have you finished ______ (write) the report?
- 8. I can’t stand ______ (listen) to loud music in the office.
- 9. My parents hope ______ (visit) us in Tashkent in spring.
- 10. Ulug‘bek practises ______ (speak) English on the bus every morning.
1-bosqich javoblari
- 1. solving — enjoy dan keyin faqat -ing. Enjoy to solve eng ko‘p uchraydigan xato.
- 2. to move — istak va reja: want + to.
- 3. changing — keep “to‘xtovsiz, qayta-qayta” degani va -ing bilan keladi.
- 4. to give — rozilik: agree + to.
- 5. taking — avoid + -ing.
- 6. to rent — plan + to.
- 7. writing — finish + -ing. Finish to write yo‘q.
- 8. listening — can’t stand (“toqat qilolmayman”) -ing bilan.
- 9. to visit — hope + to.
- 10. speaking — practise + -ing. O‘zbekchada “gapirishni mashq qiladi”, lekin practise to speak xato.
2-bosqich: predlog, maqsad va “kimgadir nimanidir qildirish” (11–17)
Qavsdagi fe’lni to‘g‘ri shaklda yozing. Ba’zi gapda to kerak, ba’zisida -ing, bittasida esa fe’l hech narsasiz qoladi.
- 11. Ulug‘bek is interested in ______ (learn) Python.
- 12. Before ______ (start) work, he checks his messages.
- 13. Thank you for ______ (help) me with my CV.
- 14. He wakes up at six ______ (have) time for the gym.
- 15. His manager asked him ______ (fix) the login page.
- 16. Instead of ______ (order) food, his wife made manti.
- 17. Ulug‘bek’s mother made him ______ (wear) a warm coat.
2-bosqich javoblari
- 11. learning — in predlog. Predlogdan keyin fe’l har doim -ing oladi, bu qoidada istisno yo‘q.
- 12. starting — before bu yerda predlog. Before to start xato.
- 13. helping — for dan keyin -ing. Thank you for help me ham, thank you to help me ham xato.
- 14. to have — maqsad: “vaqti bo‘lishi uchun”. O‘zbekcha “uchun”ni for bilan o‘girish (for have time) odatiy xato.
- 15. to fix — ask + kishi + to: asked him to fix.
- 16. ordering — instead of ham predlog.
- 17. wear — make va let dan keyin to tushib qoladi: made him wear. Lekin majhul nisbatda qaytadi: He was made to wear a coat.
Predlog bilan keladigan boshqa birikmalar (depend on, good at, afraid of) ro‘yxati: fe’l va predlog birikmalari.
3-bosqich: ma’no o‘zgaradigan fe’llar (18–25)
Qavsdagi fe’lni to‘g‘ri shaklda yozing. Avval o‘zingizga savol bering: harakat oldin bo‘lganmi yoki keyin bo‘lishi kerakmi?
- 18. Ulug‘bek stopped ______ (smoke) two years ago, and now he runs every morning.
- 19. During the meeting, the manager stopped ______ (answer) a phone call.
- 20. Do you remember ______ (meet) me at Aziz’s wedding?
- 21. Ulug‘bek forgot ______ (charge) his laptop, so it died during the presentation.
- 22. I tried ______ (open) the window, but it was stuck.
- 23. If you can’t sleep, try ______ (drink) warm milk with honey.
- 24. We regret ______ (tell) you that your application was not successful.
- 25. After explaining the rules, the teacher went on ______ (give) us an example.
3-bosqich javoblari
- 18. smoking — chekishni tashladi. Stop + -ing: harakatning o‘zi to‘xtadi.
- 19. to answer — qo‘ng‘iroqqa javob berish uchun gapini to‘xtatdi. Stop + to: boshqa ish qilish uchun to‘xtash.
- 20. meeting — tanishuv o‘tmishda bo‘lgan, endi xotira. Remember + -ing = “…ganimni eslayman”.
- 21. to charge — zaryad qilish kerak edi, lekin qilinmadi. Forget + to: vazifa bajarilmay qoldi.
- 22. to open — harakat qildi, lekin uddasidan chiqolmadi. Try + to = “urinmoq”.
- 23. drinking — bir sinab ko‘ring, yordam berar. Try + -ing = “tajriba qilib ko‘rmoq”. 22 va 23 ni solishtiring: birida deraza ochilmadi, ikkinchisida sut ichish oson, savol faqat natija berishida.
- 24. to tell — rasmiy xatlarda yomon xabarni aytishdan oldin: We regret to inform you… Regret + -ing esa o‘tmishdagi ishdan afsuslanish (30-band).
- 25. to give — o‘qituvchi qoidadan keyin keyingi ishga o‘tdi. Went on giving esa “misol berishda davom etdi” bo‘lardi.
4-bosqich: xatoni tuzating va tarjima qiling (26–30)
A. Har gapda bitta xato bor.
- 26. He is used to work late.
- 27. Would you like going for a walk after dinner?
- 28. Ulug‘bek wants that his son learns English.
B. O‘zbekchadan tarjima qiling.
- 29. Men ertalab yugurishni yaxshi ko‘raman.
- 30. Maktabda yaxshiroq o‘qimaganimdan afsusdaman.
4-bosqich javoblari
- 26. He is used to working late. Be used to = “ko‘nikkan”, bu yerdagi to predlog, demak -ing. Used to work esa boshqa qolip: “ilgari ishlardi”.
- 27. Would you like to go for a walk after dinner? Like + -ing umumiy yoqtirishni bildiradi (I like walking), would like esa hozirgi taklif yoki istak va doim to bilan keladi.
- 28. Ulug‘bek wants his son to learn English. Rus tilidagi хочет, чтобы… qolipi inglizchaga wants that… bo‘lib ko‘chmaydi: want + kishi + to.
- 29. I like running in the morning. I like to run in the morning ham to‘g‘ri; like, love, hate, prefer ikkala shakl bilan ham keladi va ma’no deyarli o‘zgarmaydi.
- 30. I regret not studying harder at school. Inkor -ing oldidan not bilan yasaladi: not studying. I regret don’t study xato.
Ball jadvali va keyingi qadam
Har to‘g‘ri javob 1 ball. 29-bandda ikkala variant ham to‘g‘ri.
| Ball | Nima degani | Keyingi qadam |
|---|---|---|
| 27–30 | Mavzu mustahkam | Endi og‘zaki ishlating: sevimli mashg‘ulotingiz haqida gapirish sahifasidagi savollarga enjoy, can’t stand, used to bilan javob bering |
| 20–26 | Shakllar tanish, 3-bosqich chalkash | Qoida sahifasidagi ma’no o‘zgaradigan fe’llar bo‘limini o‘qing va 18–25 ni qayta ishlang |
| 12–19 | Fe’l ro‘yxatlari hali yodlanmagan | Gerund va infinitive farqi sahifasidagi ikkita jadvaldan har kuni beshta fe’lni o‘z gapingiz bilan yozing |
| 0–11 | Mavzu yangi | Avval faqat 1-bosqich fe’llarini o‘rganing, bir necha kundan keyin mashqni boshidan boshlang |
O‘zbekcha -ish qo‘shimchasi nega adashtiradi
O‘zbek tilida “yugurishni yaxshi ko‘raman” va “yugurishni xohlayman” ikkalasida ham bir xil -ish shakli bor. Inglizchada esa ular ikki xil: I enjoy running, lekin I want to run. Shuning uchun miya bitta qolipni hammasiga qo‘llaydi va I want running yoki I enjoy to run chiqadi. Rus tilida o‘qiganlarda aksincha: ruscha infinitiv (люблю бегать) to ga o‘xshab eshitiladi va I enjoy to run ko‘payadi.
Yechim: fe’llarni alohida emas, sherigi bilan yodlang. Enjoy emas, enjoy doing; decide emas, decide to do. Daftaringizga har fe’lni o‘zingiz haqingizdagi gap bilan yozing: I avoid eating after ten. I’ve decided to take the CEFR exam.
Bandi bilan odatlar va rejalar haqida suhbat
-ing va to ni yozma mashqda to‘g‘ri tanlash bir narsa, gapirayotganda bir soniyada tanlash boshqa. BandMate ilovasida Bandi sizdan bo‘sh vaqtingiz, yomon ko‘radigan ishlaringiz va keyingi yilgi rejalaringiz haqida so‘raydi; javobda tabiiy ravishda enjoy, hate, plan, hope, want ishlatasiz. Ilova qaysi gapda shakl noto‘g‘ri tanlanganini ko‘rsatadi; bu sun’iy intellekt izohi, o‘qituvchi bahosi emas. Bugun bitta ish qiling: 18–25-bandlardagi har bir juftlikdan (stop, remember, forget, try) o‘zingiz haqingizda bittadan gap yozing va ovoz chiqarib ayting.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
