Although va despite farqi: in spite of, even though, however

Although (va though, even though) dan keyin to‘liq gap keladi: Although it was raining, we went out. Despite va in spite of dan keyin esa ot yoki -ing shakl keladi: Despite the rain, we went out. / In spite of feeling tired, she finished the essay. Ma’no bir xil — “…ga qaramay” — farq faqat grammatikada.

O‘zbekchada bu ma’no bir necha usulda aytiladi: yomg‘ir yog‘ayotgan bo‘lsa-da, garchi yomg‘ir yog‘ayotgan bo‘lsa ham, yomg‘irga qaramay. Birinchi ikkitasi fe’l bilan (→ although), uchinchisi ot bilan (→ despite). Shu bog‘lanishni eslasangiz, yarim ish bitdi.

Bitta jadval: nima keladi, vergul qayerda

Vergul qoidasi: although yoki despite bilan boshlangan qism birinchi kelsa, undan keyin vergul qo‘yiladi. Ikkinchi kelsa, vergul ko‘pincha kerak emas: We went out although it was raining.

Although, though, even though: kuch darajasi

Uchalasi bir xil qurilishga ega, farq ohang va kuchda:

• although — neytral, yozuvda ham, nutqda ham: Although the flat is small, it’s very cosy.
• though — so‘zlashuvda ko‘proq; gap oxirida “baribir” ma’nosida keladi: The flat is small. I like it, though.
• even though — kuchliroq, kutilmagan qarama-qarshilikni ta’kidlaydi: Even though she lives next door, she’s always late.

Even though va even if ni aralashtirmang. Bu juftlik ma’noni o‘zgartiradi:

Shart gaplar haqida batafsil ma’lumot shart gaplar sahifasida.

Despite va in spite of: ot, -ing yoki the fact that

Despite bitta so‘z, in spite of uch so‘z. Ma’nosi va ishlatilishi bir xil. Ortidan uch xil narsa kelishi mumkin:

• ot: Despite the traffic, we arrived on time. / In spite of the cold, the children played outside.
• -ing shakl: Despite having a cold, Nodira sang at the wedding.
• the fact that + gap: Despite the fact that the tickets were expensive, the concert was full.

-ing shaklda bir shart bor: -ing ning “egasi” asosiy gapning egasi bilan bir xil bo‘lishi kerak. Despite being tired, she finished the report — charchagan ham, tugatgan ham u. Agar egalar har xil bo‘lsa, although ga o‘ting:

• Noto‘g‘ri: Despite being late, the teacher let me in. (go‘yo o‘qituvchi kechikkan)
• To‘g‘ri: Although I was late, the teacher let me in.

Predlogdan keyin fe’l nima uchun -ing bo‘lishi haqida gerund va infinitive farqi sahifasida o‘qing.

However, but, yet: ikki alohida gap uchun

Although va despite bitta gap ichida ishlaydi. However esa ikki gapni bog‘laydi va odatda yangi gap boshida, verguldan oldin turadi:

• The course was expensive. However, it was worth it.
• The course was expensive; however, it was worth it. (nuqtali vergul bilan)
• The course was expensive. It was, however, worth it. (o‘rtada, ikki vergul orasida)

Inshoda The course was expensive, however it was worth it deb yozish xato hisoblanadi: ikki mustaqil gap faqat vergul bilan ulanib qoladi. But esa vergul bilan ulanadi va rasmiylik darajasi pastroq: The course was expensive, but it was worth it. Yet — but ning biroz adabiyroq shakli: It was simple, yet effective.

However ning yana bir ma’nosi bor, u ham ma’noni o‘zgartiradi:

“Garchi … bo‘lsa-da, lekin”: to‘rtta tipik xato

O‘zbek va rus tilida qarama-qarshilik ikki marta belgilanadi: garchi … bo‘lsa-da, lekin; хотя …, но. Inglizchada bitta so‘z yetadi.

Yana bitta o‘zbekcha ta’sir: “…ga qaramay” dagi -ga ni tarjima qilib, despite to the rain deyishadi. Despite o‘zi “…ga qaramay” degani, hech qanday qo‘shimcha kerak emas.

Bitta fikr, besh xil gap: yozuv uchun

IELTS Writing yoki Multilevel inshosida bir xil bog‘lovchini qayta-qayta ishlatish grammatik xilma-xillikni pasaytiradi. Bitta fikrni besh usulda ifoda qilishni o‘rganing. Quyidagi misollar mashq uchun, rasmiy imtihon savollari emas.

Fikr: Onlayn darslar qulay, lekin sinfdagi darsning o‘rnini to‘liq bosa olmaydi.

• Although online lessons are convenient, they cannot fully replace classroom teaching.
• Online lessons are convenient. However, they cannot fully replace classroom teaching.
• Despite their convenience, online lessons cannot fully replace classroom teaching.
• Despite being convenient, online lessons cannot fully replace classroom teaching.
• In spite of the fact that online lessons are convenient, they cannot fully replace classroom teaching.

Beshinchi variant uzun va og‘ir, uni inshoda bir martadan ko‘p ishlatmang. Eng tabiiy tanlov — birinchi va uchinchi. Bog‘lovchilarning boshqa guruhlari (sabab, natija, misol) bog‘lovchilar jadvali sahifasida, ularni butun matnda to‘g‘ri taqsimlash esa coherence and cohesion qo‘llanmasida tushuntirilgan.

Dialog: to‘ydan keyin ertalab

Sevara: You look tired. Did you sleep at all?

Doston: Not much. Although the wedding finished at eleven, we stayed to help until two.

Sevara: And you still came to work? Even though it’s Saturday?

Doston: Yes. Despite the late night, I have a deadline today.

Sevara: You should have asked for a day off, though.

Doston: I know. I’ll finish it today, however long it takes!

Dialogda beshta qarama-qarshilik vositasi bor: although, even though, despite, though (gap oxirida) va however long (qanchalik … bo‘lmasin).

Mashq: 14 ta topshiriq

A. Although yoki despite?

• 1. ______ the heat, the tourists walked around Khiva all day.
• 2. ______ she was ill, she went to the exam.
• 3. ______ having little money, they enjoyed their trip.
• 4. ______ the metro was crowded, we got seats.
• 5. The match continued ______ the heavy rain.
• 6. I like my job, ______ the salary is low.

B. Xatoni tuzating.

• 7. Although he is young, but he is very wise.
• 8. Despite of the traffic, we arrived early.
• 9. Despite it was cold, she didn’t wear a coat.
• 10. The flat is nice, however it is too far from the centre.

C. Qavsdagi so‘z bilan qayta yozing.

• 11. It was late. We continued working. (although)
• 12. She was nervous. She gave a great presentation. (despite)
• 13. The phone is old. It works perfectly. (however)
• 14. He has lived in London for years. His English is still weak. (in spite of the fact that)

Javoblar

1 — Despite; 2 — Although; 3 — Despite; 4 — Although; 5 — despite; 6 — although.

7 — Although he is young, he is very wise. (yoki: He is young, but he is very wise.) 8 — Despite the traffic, we arrived early. 9 — Although it was cold, she didn’t wear a coat. / Despite the cold, … 10 — The flat is nice. However, it is too far from the centre.

11 — Although it was late, we continued working. 12 — Despite being nervous, she gave a great presentation. (yoki: Despite her nerves, …) 13 — The phone is old. However, it works perfectly. 14 — In spite of the fact that he has lived in London for years, his English is still weak.

Izohlar:

• 1 va 5-gaplar: ortidan ot (the heat, the heavy rain) — despite.
• 3-gap: ortidan -ing shakl — despite.
• 2, 4, 6-gaplar: ortidan ega + fe’l (she was, the metro was, the salary is) — although.
• 7-gap: although va but birga ishlatilmaydi.
• 10-gap: however bilan ikki gap vergul bilan emas, nuqta yoki nuqtali vergul bilan ajraladi.
• 12-gap: egasi bir xil (asabiylashgan ham, taqdimot qilgan ham u), shuning uchun despite being to‘g‘ri.

Murakkab gap tuzishning umumiy qoidalari qo‘shma gaplar sahifasida.

Inshoda va nutqda qarama-qarshilikni ishlatish

Yozuvda bu so‘zlarni to‘g‘ri qo‘yish oson, gapirganda esa although … but odati qaytib keladi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan munozara savollariga javob bering (Is online learning better than classes?): ilova despite of yoki ortiqcha but ni ko‘rsatib, to‘g‘ri variantni beradi. Bugun bitta fikrni tanlab, uni although, despite va however bilan uch xil qilib ayting.

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling