Suhbatdoshingizga “men ham” deb qo‘shilmoqchi bo‘lsangiz, ingliz tilida gapning turiga qarang. Tasdiq gapga So + yordamchi fe’l + ega bilan javob beriladi: I love Tashkent in autumn. — So do I. Inkor gapga Neither + yordamchi fe’l + ega: I can’t swim. — Neither can I. Yordamchi fe’l har doim birinchi gapdan olinadi: unda am bo‘lsa am, can bo‘lsa can, yordamchi fe’l ko‘rinmasa do/does/did.
Oddiy, erkin suhbatda xuddi shu ma’noni Me too (tasdiqqa) va Me neither (inkorga) beradi. Ularda yordamchi fe’l yo‘q, shuning uchun xato qilish ancha qiyin. Bugundan boshlab ikkalasini ham ishlata olasiz.
To‘rt javob bitta jadvalda
| Birinchi gap | To‘liq javob | Qisqa og‘zaki javob | O‘zbekcha |
|---|---|---|---|
| I’m hungry. | So am I. | Me too. | Men ham (ochman). |
| I don’t eat fish. | Neither do I. / Nor do I. | Me neither. | Men ham yemayman. |
| I passed the test. | So did I. | Me too. | Men ham o‘tdim. |
| I haven’t decided. | Neither have I. | Me neither. | Men ham hali qaror qilmadim. |
Jadvaldan uchta qoida chiqadi:
- So va Neither dan keyin tartib teskari: avval yordamchi fe’l, keyin ega. So do I — to‘g‘ri. So I do esa boshqa narsa: So I did! “Rostdan ham-a!” degan hayratni bildiradi (You forgot your umbrella. — So I did!).
- Neither o‘zi inkor. Undan keyingi fe’l tasdiq shaklda turadi: Neither can I, hech qachon Neither can’t I.
- Nor — neither bilan bir xil ma’no, biroz rasmiyroq eshitiladi: I don’t understand the new tax rules. — Nor do I.
Yordamchi fe’lni topish: 11 ta holat
Eng ko‘p xato shu yerda. Javobingiz birinchi gapning “aks-sadosi” bo‘lishi kerak: zamon ham, fe’l ham o‘sha.
| Birinchi gapda | Javobda | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| am / is / are | am / is / are | My phone is almost dead. — So is mine. |
| was / were | was / were | I was late for the lecture. — So was Kamola. |
| oddiy fe’l, hozirgi zamon | do / does | I live near Chilonzor metro. — So do I. |
| oddiy fe’l, o‘tgan zamon | did | We watched the match last night. — So did we. |
| have / has + V3 | have / has | I’ve lost my pen again. — So have I. |
| can / could | can / could | I couldn’t open the file. — Neither could I. |
| will / won’t | will | I won’t be at the meeting. — Neither will Rustam. |
| would (’d) | would | I’d like some green tea. — So would I. |
| should | should | I should call my grandmother. — So should I. |
| am / is / are + -ing | am / is / are | I’m learning Korean. — So is my cousin. |
| have (egalik) | do / does | I have two brothers. — So do I. |
Oxirgi qatorga alohida qarang. Have “bor” ma’nosida oddiy fe’l bo‘lib ishlaydi, shuning uchun javob So do I. Britaniyacha have got bilan esa javob have bo‘ladi: I’ve got a cold. — So have I. Bu ikki shakl haqida have va has farqi sahifasida batafsil.
Ega o‘zgarsa, yordamchi fe’l ham moslashadi. Birinchi odam I desa-yu, siz boshqa odam haqida gapirsangiz, do uchinchi shaxsda does ga aylanadi: I play the doira. — So does my father. Xuddi shunday: We haven’t got tickets yet. — Neither has Jasur.
Yordamchi fe’lni tez topish mahorati tag questions qoidasida ham aynan shunday kerak bo‘ladi, shuning uchun bu ikki mavzuni birga mashq qilish foydali.
Me too, I do too, Me neither: qaysi biri qachon
| Shakl | Qayerda mos | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| Me too / Me neither | do‘stlar, chat, kundalik gap | I’m bored. — Me too. |
| So do I / Neither do I | har qanday vaziyat, yozuvda ham | I support this idea. — So do I. |
| I do too / I don’t either | og‘zaki nutq, ayniqsa Amerikada | I don’t drink coffee. — I don’t either. |
| Me either | Amerikacha norasmiy gap | imtihon yozuvida ishlatmang |
Me too va So do I ma’nosi bir. Farq — ohangda: Me too yengil va samimiy, So do I biroz tartibliroq. Ish yig‘ilishida yoki IELTS Speaking’da ikkalasi ham xato emas, lekin bitta suhbatda faqat Me too takrorlanaversa, nutq bir xil eshitiladi.
Either faqat inkorda keladi: I don’t either. Tasdiqda uning o‘rniga too: I do too. Either va neither so‘zlarining boshqa ishlatilishi all, both, either, neither sahifasida.
Fikringiz boshqacha bo‘lsa: qarama-qarshi javob
Har doim ham rozi bo‘lmaysiz. Unda so/neither ishlatilmaydi, faqat ega va yordamchi fe’l qoladi, ohang yordamchi fe’lga tushadi:
- I don’t like horror films. — Oh, I do! Ayniqsa eski filmlarni.
- I’m scared of big dogs. — Really? I’m not.
- I didn’t understand the last lesson. — I did. Keling, tushuntirib beraman.
- I can’t stand spicy food. — I can. Men achchiq ovqatni yaxshi ko‘raman.
Muloyimroq e’tiroz bildirish, to‘liq rozilik yoki “qisman roziman” uchun tayyor iboralar rozilik va qarshilik iboralari sahifasida jamlangan.
“Men ham” tuzog‘i: o‘zbek va rus tilidan keladigan xatolar
O‘zbekcha “men ham” gap tasdiqmi, inkormi, farqi yo‘q: “Men ham boraman”, “Men ham bormayman”. Ruscha Я тоже ham shunday. Inglizchada esa javob birinchi gapning shaklini qaytaradi, shuning uchun quyidagi xatolar ko‘p uchraydi:
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Nega |
|---|---|---|
| A: I don’t like coffee. B: Me too. | Me neither. / Neither do I. | inkorga inkor javob |
| A: I’m tired. B: So do I. | So am I. | birinchi gapda am |
| A: I can’t sleep. B: Neither can’t I. | Neither can I. | ikki inkor bo‘lmaydi |
| A: I went to Chimgan. B: So I did. | So did I. | tartib: yordamchi fe’l + ega |
| A: I don’t smoke. B: I don’t too. | I don’t either. | inkorda either |
| A: My mum works in a bank. B: So do mine. | So does mine. | mine = my mum, birlik |
| A: I’ve been to Nukus. B: So did I. | So have I. | Present Perfect → have |
| A: I agree. B: I am agree too. | So do I. / I agree too. | agree — fe’l, am ortiqcha |
Kafeda suhbat: hamma shakllar bir joyda
Otabek va Nilufar bir guruhda o‘qiydi. Dars oldidan universitet kafesida uchrashib qolishdi.
Otabek: I’m so tired today.
Nilufar: So am I. I only slept five hours.
Otabek: Neither did I. I was finishing the physics report.
Nilufar: Oh, I finished mine on Sunday. Have you seen the new timetable?
Otabek: No, I haven’t.
Nilufar: Neither have I. Dilnoza says we’ve got lectures on Saturdays now.
Otabek: I don’t like studying on Saturdays.
Nilufar: Me neither. But I really like our new maths teacher.
Otabek: So do I. She explains everything step by step.
Nilufar: I’d like a coffee before the lecture.
Otabek: So would I. My treat.
Suhbatda besh xil yordamchi fe’l bor: am, did, have, do, would. Nilufar bir joyda rozi emas (I finished mine on Sunday) va buni so/neither’siz, oddiy gap bilan aytadi.
Mashq: 14 ta javob
A. So yoki Neither bilan javob bering (ega — I).
- 1. I’m from Fergana.
- 2. I don’t drink cola.
- 3. I can ride a horse.
- 4. I didn’t see the message.
- 5. I’ve already had lunch.
- 6. I was born in winter.
- 7. I won’t go to the party.
- 8. I’d love to visit Japan.
B. Ega o‘zgaradi: qavsdagi so‘z bilan javob bering.
- 9. Madina speaks Korean. (her brother)
- 10. We haven’t paid yet. (they)
- 11. I have a cat. (my neighbour)
C. Xatoni toping va tuzating.
- 12. A: I don’t understand this rule. B: Me too.
- 13. A: I’m learning to drive. B: So do I.
- 14. A: I couldn’t find a taxi. B: Neither couldn’t I.
Javoblar
1 — So am I. 2 — Neither do I. 3 — So can I. 4 — Neither did I. 5 — So have I. 6 — So was I. 7 — Neither will I. 8 — So would I.
9 — So does her brother. 10 — Neither have they. 11 — So does my neighbour.
12 — Me neither. / Neither do I. 13 — So am I. 14 — Neither could I.
Qiyin joylar:
- 5-gap: already had ichida have (’ve) bor, bu Present Perfect. Javob So have I, So did I emas.
- 6-gap: was born — be fe’li, shuning uchun So was I. “Tug‘ilganman” so‘zidagi o‘tgan zamonni did bilan aralashtirmang.
- 8-gap: I’d bu yerda I would, chunki keyin love to keladi. I’d been bo‘lganida had bo‘lardi.
- 11-gap: have “bor” ma’nosida oddiy fe’l, ega my neighbour — birlik, demak does.
- 13-gap: birinchi gap Present Continuous (am learning), javobda ham am.
11 tadan ko‘p to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, qoida o‘zlashgan. Endi uni gapirishda tezlashtirish qoldi.
Bandi bilan “So do I” ni jonli suhbatda ishlatish
Yozma mashqda o‘ylashga vaqt bor, suhbatda esa bir soniya. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan kundalik mavzularda (ovqat, o‘qish, dam olish kuni) ovoz chiqarib gaplashasiz va uning gaplariga So am I, Neither have I yoki Oh, I don’t bilan javob berishni mashq qilasiz; xatolaringiz ko‘rsatiladi. Bugungi vazifa: suhbatda kamida beshta turli yordamchi fe’l bilan javob bering — am, do, did, have, can.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
