Both, either, neither: all, each, every va none bilan farqi

Both, either, neither faqat ikki narsa yoki odam haqida gapirganda ishlatiladi: both — ikkalasi ham, either — ikkisidan istalgan biri, neither — ikkalasi ham emas. Uch va undan ko‘p narsa uchun ularning juftlari bor: all (hammasi), any (istalgan biri), none (hech biri). Every va each “har bir” degani: every guruhni bir butun ko‘radi, each esa har birini alohida.

Fe’l moslashuvi: both va all (sanaladigan ot bilan) ko‘plik fe’l oladi, either, neither, each, every esa birlik: Both answers are correct. Neither answer is correct. Every student has a laptop.

Ikkita yoki ko‘p: so‘zlar xaritasi

Ma’no	Ikki narsa	Uch va undan ko‘p
hammasi, ikkalasi ham	both	all
istalgan biri	either	any
hech biri	neither	none
har biri alohida	each	each / every

Misol: ikki opa-singilingiz bo‘lsa, Both of my sisters are married. Uchta bo‘lsa, All of my sisters are married. Ikkitadan birortasi ham turmushga chiqmagan bo‘lsa, Neither of my sisters is married, uchtadan hech biri bo‘lmasa, None of my sisters is/are married.

O‘zbekchada “ikkalasi” va “hammasi” ham ajraladi, shuning uchun both/all farqi odatda qiyin emas. Qiyinchilik fe’lda va of bilan qurilgan shakllarda chiqadi.

Qolip va fe’l: har bir so‘z qanday ishlaydi

So‘z	+ ot	+ of the / my / them	Fe’l	Misol
both	both brothers	both of my brothers, both of them	ko‘plik	Both my brothers live in Andijan.
either	either day	either of the days, either of them	birlik	Either day is fine for me.
neither	neither answer	neither of the answers, neither of them	birlik (og‘zakida ko‘plik ham)	Neither answer is correct.
all	all students, all the rice	all of us, all of them	ot bo‘yicha	All the guests have arrived.
every	every student	—	birlik	Every student has a laptop.
each	each student	each of them	birlik	Each of them has a different job.
none	—	none of them, none of the money	birlik yoki ko‘plik	None of my friends smokes / smoke.

Uchta muhim nuqta:

***Either va neither* dan keyin ot birlikda**: neither answer, neither answers emas. Of bilan esa ko‘plik: neither of the answers.
***Every of* degan shakl yo‘q.** Every of us o‘rniga every one of us, each of us yoki all of us deyiladi.
***Of* dan keyin olmosh obyekt shaklida**: both of them, all of us. Both of they xato.

All ning fe’li otga qarab o‘zgaradi: All the students are here, lekin All the rice is gone. Birlik va ko‘plik moslashuvining umumiy qoidalari ingliz tilida birlik va ko‘plik sahifasida.

Both… and, either… or, neither… nor: o‘zbekcha ham… ham, yo… yo, na… na

Bu juftliklar o‘zbekchadagi bog‘lovchilarga juda o‘xshaydi, bu esa yodlashni osonlashtiradi:

O‘zbekcha	Inglizcha	Misol
ham… ham	both… and	Both Malika and her sister study medicine. — Malika ham, singlisi ham tibbiyotda o‘qiydi.
yo… yo, yoki… yoki	either… or	You can pay either in cash or by card. — Naqd yoki karta bilan to‘lashingiz mumkin.
na… na	neither… nor	Neither my father nor my mother speaks English. — Na otam, na onam inglizcha gapiradi.

Tuzoq na… na da: o‘zbekchada bu bog‘lovchidan keyin fe’l ko‘pincha yana inkorda keladi (Na otam, na onam inglizcha gapirmaydi). Inglizchada neither… nor ning o‘zi inkor, fe’l ijobiy qoladi: Neither my father nor my mother speaks English. …doesn’t speak desangiz, ikki inkor chiqadi.

Either… or va neither… nor da fe’l yaqinroq egaga moslashadi: Either my brother or my parents are coming. Either my parents or my brother is coming.

Suhbatda qisqa rozilik bildirish uchun Me neither va Neither do I ishlatiladi: — I don’t like horror films. — Me neither. Bu mavzu so do I va neither do I sahifasida.

Each va every farqi

Ko‘p gaplarda ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri, ma’no farqi nozik:

Every — guruhni bir butun ko‘radi, “hammasi istisnosiz”: Every child in our mahalla knows Karim aka.
Each — har birini alohida ko‘radi, bittama-bitta: The teacher spoke to each student after the exam.
Each ikki narsa uchun ham ishlaydi, every esa yo‘q: She had a bag in each hand. (every hand emas)
Each yolg‘iz va of bilan keladi, every esa yo‘q: each of them, We got two tickets each.
Every takrorlanish uchun: every day, every two weeks, every other Saturday (har ikki shanbada bir).

All day va every day: kun bo‘yi yoki har kuni

Bu juftlik ma’noni butunlay o‘zgartiradi:

All	Every
I worked all day. — Kun bo‘yi ishladim.	I work every day. — Har kuni ishlayman.
It rained all week. — Butun hafta yomg‘ir yog‘di.	It rains every week. — Har hafta yomg‘ir yog‘adi.
We stayed at the wedding all night. — To‘yda tun bo‘yi qoldik.	We have guests every night. — Har kecha mehmonimiz bor.

Everyday (qo‘shib yozilgan) esa sifat: everyday English — kundalik ingliz tili. Every day (ajratib) — ravish, “har kuni”.

All ning gapdagi o‘rni: oddiy fe’ldan oldin, be va yordamchi fe’ldan keyin keladi: We all went to Chimgan. They are all tired. The guests have all left. Odamlar haqida yolg‘iz all o‘rniga odatda everyone/everybody ishlatiladi va fe’l birlikda bo‘ladi: Everyone is here.

Rasmlarda: ikkalasi yoki hammasi

Both of them are smiling. — Ikkalasi ham jilmayib turibdi. — **Both of them are smiling.**Ikkalasi ham jilmayib turibdi.

Both of them are sitting on the bench. — Ikkalasi ham o‘rindiqda o‘tiribdi. — **Both of them are sitting on the bench.**Ikkalasi ham o‘rindiqda o‘tiribdi.

Both girls are wearing blue cardigans. — Ikkala qiz ham ko‘k kardigan kiygan. — **Both girls are wearing blue cardigans.**Ikkala qiz ham ko‘k kardigan kiygan.

Both men are wearing skullcaps. — Ikkala erkak ham do‘ppi kiygan. — **Both men are wearing skullcaps.**Ikkala erkak ham do‘ppi kiygan.

Everyone in the family is smiling. — Oiladagi hamma jilmaygan. — **Everyone in the family is smiling.**Oiladagi hamma jilmaygan.

Every cup is ready for the guests. — Har bir piyola mehmonlarga tayyor. — **Every cup is ready for the guests.**Har bir piyola mehmonlarga tayyor.

Qaysi kafe? Dialog

Do‘stlar Dilnoza va Aziza qayerda uchrashishni kelishib olishyapti.

Dilnoza: Shall we meet on Saturday or Sunday?

Aziza: Either day is fine for me.

Dilnoza: Let’s say Saturday, then. There are two cafés near the metro. Which one do you prefer?

Aziza: I’ve been to both. Neither of them is very quiet on weekends.

Dilnoza: What about the park? All the benches were free last time.

Aziza: Good idea. And each of us can bring something to eat.

Dilnoza: Perfect. I’ll bring samsa. You go there every weekend, right?

Aziza: Almost every weekend. I love it.

Every of us, both of they: olmosh va fe’l xatolari

Noto‘g‘ri	To‘g‘ri	Sababi
Every of us has a phone.	Each of us has a phone. / All of us have phones.	every of shakli yo‘q
Both of they are doctors.	Both of them are doctors.	of dan keyin them
The both brothers live here.	Both (the) brothers live here.	the both deyilmaydi
Neither my father nor my mother doesn’t speak English.	Neither my father nor my mother speaks English.	ikki inkor
Neither answers is correct.	Neither answer is correct.	neither + birlik ot
Everybody are ready.	Everybody is ready.	everybody birlik
All the students is here.	All the students are here.	ko‘plik ot — ko‘plik fe’l
I go to the gym all days.	I go to the gym every day.	takrorlanish — every day

Mashq: 15 ta savol

A. Both, either, neither, all, every, each yoki none qo‘ying.

1. I have two brothers. ______ of them work in IT.
2. — Tea or coffee? — ______ is fine. I like both.
3. I called Aziz and Sardor, but ______ of them answered.
4. ______ student in the class passed the test. Nobody failed.
5. The teacher gave ______ of us a different topic.
6. We invited ten friends, but ______ of them came. We ate alone.
7. ______ my parents were born in Termez.
8. I spent ______ day cleaning the flat.

B. Fe’lni tanlang.

9. Neither of the shops (is / are) open on Sunday. (rasmiy uslub)
10. Both answers (is / are) wrong.
11. Every child (need / needs) attention.
12. Either my sister or my parents (is / are) coming tonight.

C. Xatoni tuzating.

13. Every of my friends has a car.
14. Neither my brother nor my sister doesn’t live in Tashkent.
15. I drink green tea all days.

Javoblar

1. Both — ikki aka-uka, ikkalasi ham.
2. Either — ikkisidan istalgan biri; fe’l birlikda (is).
3. neither — ikki kishidan hech biri; fe’l ijobiy (answered).
4. Every — hamma istisnosiz; each ham to‘g‘ri.
5. each — har birimizga alohida; of us bilan every ishlamaydi.
6. none — o‘nta odamdan hech biri.
7. Both — ikki ota-ona.
8. all — kun bo‘yi.
9. is — rasmiy uslubda neither of birlik fe’l oladi.
10. are — both ko‘plik.
11. needs — every birlik.
12. are — fe’l yaqinroq egaga (my parents) moslashadi.
13. Each of my friends has a car. yoki All of my friends have cars.
14. Neither my brother nor my sister lives in Tashkent. — bitta inkor.
15. I drink green tea every day.

Oila a’zolari haqidagi so‘zlar kerak bo‘lsa, qarindoshlar inglizcha sahifasidan foydalaning.

Oilangiz haqida both va all bilan gapiring

Bu so‘zlar oila, do‘stlar va hamkasblar haqida gapirganda juda ko‘p kerak bo‘ladi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan ovozli suhbatda oilangiz va do‘stlaringizni tasvirlaysiz, darslarda qoidalar o‘zbekcha izohlanadi. Bugungi vazifa: ikki yaqin odamingizni solishtiring va beshta gap ayting: Both of them…, Neither of them…, Each of them… Keyin butun oilangiz haqida bitta all va bitta every gapi qo‘shing.

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling