So sifat yoki ravishni kuchaytiradi va undan keyin ot kelmaydi: It’s so hot today! — Bugun shunchalik issiq! Such esa ot bilan keladi, sifat ot oldida turadi: It’s such a hot day! — Qanday issiq kun! Birlikdagi sanaladigan ot bilan such a / such an, ko‘plik yoki sanalmaydigan ot bilan faqat such: such nice people, such good weather.
Qisqa tekshiruv: sifatdan keyin ot bormi? Yo‘q bo‘lsa — so. Bor bo‘lsa — such.
Qaysi so‘zdan keyin nima keladi
| Qolip | Misol | O‘zbekcha |
|---|---|---|
| so + sifat | The exam was so difficult. | Imtihon shunchalik qiyin edi. |
| so + ravish | She speaks so quickly! | U shunchalik tez gapiradi! |
| so + much + sanalmaydigan ot | There was so much traffic. | Tirbandlik shunchalik ko‘p edi. |
| so + many + ko‘plik ot | So many people came to the wedding! | To‘yga shuncha ko‘p odam keldi! |
| so + few / little + ot | There were so few tickets left. | Chipta shunchalik kam qolgan edi. |
| such a / an + sifat + birlik ot | It was such a difficult exam. | Shunday qiyin imtihon edi. |
| such + sifat + ko‘plik ot | They are such kind neighbours. | Ular shunday mehribon qo‘shnilar. |
| such + sifat + sanalmaydigan ot | We had such good weather in Khiva. | Xivada havo shunaqa yaxshi edi. |
| such a + ot (sifatsiz) | Don’t be such a baby! | Bunaqa yosh boladek bo‘lma! |
| such a lot of + ot | He has such a lot of books. | Unda shunaqa ko‘p kitob bor. |
O‘zbekcha bilan bog‘lasak: so ≈ shunchalik (sifat bilan), such ≈ shunday, shunaqa (ot bilan). “Shunchalik issiq” — so hot, “shunday issiq kun” — such a hot day.
Such a yoki such: otni tekshiring
Such dan keyin a kerakmi, yo‘qmi — butunlay ot sanaladimi, yo‘qmi, shunga bog‘liq:
| Ot turi | Qolip | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| Birlik, sanaladigan | such a / an | such a good idea, such an old car |
| Ko‘plik | such | such good ideas, such old cars |
| Sanalmaydigan | such | such good advice, such bad weather, such delicious food |
Tuzoq so‘zlar: weather, advice, news, information, furniture, homework — o‘zbekchada sanaladigandek tuyuladi, lekin inglizchada sanalmaydi. Shuning uchun such a good weather emas, such good weather; such an important news emas, such important news. Bu so‘zlarning to‘liq ro‘yxati sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar sahifasida.
Artikl sifatga qarab tanlanadi: such an interesting book, such a useful app.
So… that va such… that: natijani aytish
Ikkala so‘z ham that bilan birga “shunchalik …ki, natijada …” ma’nosini beradi:
- The film was so long that I fell asleep. — Film shunchalik uzun ediki, uxlab qoldim.
- It was such a long film that I fell asleep. — Shunday uzun film ediki, uxlab qoldim.
- She spoke so quietly that nobody heard her. — U shunchalik past gapirdiki, hech kim eshitmadi.
- There were so many people that we couldn’t find a seat. — Odam shunchalik ko‘p ediki, joy topolmadik.
- They are such good friends that they talk every day. — Ular shunday yaqin do‘stlarki, har kuni gaplashadi.
Og‘zaki nutqda that ko‘pincha tushib qoladi: I was so tired I went straight to bed.
Bu qolip too… to ga yaqin, lekin tuzilishi boshqa. The tea was so hot that I couldn’t drink it = The tea was too hot to drink. Birinchisida that dan keyin to‘liq gap keladi, ikkinchisida to + fe’l. Too haqida too va enough sahifasida.
Bir gapni ikki xil aytish: so dan such ga
Imtihonlarda ko‘p uchraydigan topshiriq: gapni ma’nosini saqlab qayta yozish. Qoida: so + sifat → such (a) + sifat + ot.
| So bilan | Such bilan |
|---|---|
| The lesson was so boring. | It was such a boring lesson. |
| Your children are so polite. | You have such polite children. |
| The food in Bukhara was so tasty. | They serve such tasty food in Bukhara. |
| This question is so easy. | It’s such an easy question. |
| The weather was so cold. | We had such cold weather. |
Uchinchi va beshinchi qatorga e’tibor bering: food va weather sanalmaydi, shuning uchun a yo‘q. To‘rtinchi qatorda easy unli bilan boshlanadi — an.
So, very va what: ta’kidlashning boshqa usullari
So va very o‘xshash, lekin bir xil emas. Very — neytral, oddiy ma’lumot: The museum is very old. So — hissiyotli, suhbatdosh bilan bo‘lishilgan taassurot: The museum is so old! I loved it. Rasmiy yozma ishda (masalan, IELTS Writing’da) so ni yolg‘iz ishlatishdan ko‘ra very, extremely yoki so… that qolipi ma’qulroq.
Undov gaplarda such o‘rniga ko‘pincha what keladi:
- What a beautiful city! — Qanday chiroyli shahar! (= It’s such a beautiful city!)
- What nice people! — Qanday yoqimli odamlar!
- What terrible weather! — Qanday yomon havo! (a yo‘q, weather sanalmaydi)
- How beautiful! — Qanday chiroyli! (sifat yolg‘iz bo‘lsa how)
So ning boshqa ma’nolari bilan adashtirmang: I was tired, so I went home (shuning uchun), I think so (shunday deb o‘ylayman), So do I (men ham). Oxirgisi so do I va neither do I sahifasida.
Samarqand safaridan keyin: suhbat
Gulnoza dam olish kunlari Samarqandga borib keldi. Hamkasbi Otabek qiziqib so‘rayapti.
Otabek: How was Samarkand? Did you like it?
Gulnoza: It was amazing. Registan is so beautiful in the evening, with all the lights.
Otabek: I’ve heard that. And the food?
Gulnoza: We found such a good little restaurant near Siab Bazaar. The plov was so tasty that I ordered a second plate.
Otabek: Ha! Was it expensive?
Gulnoza: Not at all. They were such friendly people, too. The owner gave us free tea and non.
Otabek: Lucky you. How did you get there?
Gulnoza: By the fast train. It was so comfortable, and it only took about two hours.
Otabek: Great. And the weather?
Gulnoza: We had such hot weather that we stayed inside in the afternoon. Next time I’ll go in October.
Dialogdagi so va such ni ajrating: so beautiful, so tasty that, so comfortable — sifat yolg‘iz; such a good little restaurant, such friendly people, such hot weather that — sifat + ot. Poyezd vaqti va jadvalini safardan oldin temir yo‘l kassasi yoki rasmiy ilovadan tekshiring.
Such beautiful city va so a nice day: xatolar jadvali
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Sababi |
|---|---|---|
| It’s such beautiful city. | It’s such a beautiful city. | birlik otda a kerak |
| It was so a nice day. | It was such a nice day. / The day was so nice. | ot bor — such |
| He is a such good teacher. | He is such a good teacher. | tartib: such a |
| We had such a good weather. | We had such good weather. | weather sanalmaydi |
| She is such interesting! | She is so interesting! | ot yo‘q — so |
| There were such many people. | There were so many people. | much/many bilan so |
| The film was so much good. | The film was so good. | much ortiqcha |
| It was so cold, that we stayed home. | It was so cold that we stayed home. | that oldidan vergul kerak emas |
O‘zbekchadagi “juda ham” yoki “shunaqangi” ikkala holatda ham bir xil ishlatiladi, shuning uchun ot bor-yo‘qligini tekshirish odatiy bo‘lmaydi. Dastlabki kunlarda har bir gapda o‘zingizdan so‘rang: “sifatdan keyin ot bormi?”
Mashq: 14 ta savol
A. So, such yoki such a / an qo‘ying.
- 1. Thank you for the gift. It’s ______ lovely.
- 2. Why are you ______ angry?
- 3. She has ______ beautiful voice.
- 4. We had ______ fun at the wedding.
- 5. I’ve never seen ______ many stars.
- 6. They gave me ______ useful advice.
- 7. It was ______ old building that nobody lived there.
- 8. You speak English ______ well!
B. So yoki such bilan qayta yozing.
- 9. The questions were so easy. → They were ______.
- 10. It was such a noisy café. → The café ______.
- 11. Your grandmother is so kind. → She is ______.
C. Xatoni tuzating.
- 12. It was such a terrible news.
- 13. He is so good cook.
- 14. There was such much snow that the school closed.
Javoblar
- 1. so — lovely dan keyin ot yo‘q.
- 2. so — sifat yolg‘iz.
- 3. such a — voice birlik, sanaladi.
- 4. such — fun sanalmaydigan ot (so much fun ham to‘g‘ri).
- 5. so — many bilan faqat so.
- 6. such — advice sanalmaydi, a yo‘q.
- 7. such an — birlik ot, old unli bilan boshlanadi.
- 8. so — ravish (well) bilan.
- 9. They were such easy questions. — ko‘plik, a yo‘q.
- 10. The café was so noisy.
- 11. She is such a kind woman / person.
- 12. It was such terrible news. — news sanalmaydi.
- 13. He is such a good cook. — ot bor (cook), shuning uchun such a.
- 14. There was so much snow that the school closed.
His-tuyg‘u sifatlari bilan so juda tez-tez keladi: I was so bored, it was so boring. Bu juftlik bored va boring farqi sahifasida. Sifatlarning boshqa qoliplarini sifat darajalari mashqlari bilan takrorlang.
Taassurotlaringizni Bandi bilan so‘zlab bering
So va such taassurot aytishda eng kerakli so‘zlar: sayohat, to‘y, yangi kafe, ko‘rgan filmingiz. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan ovozli suhbatda o‘tgan dam olish kuningiz haqida gapiring, ilova such beautiful city kabi xatolarni belgilab beradi. Hozir oxirgi borgan joyingiz haqida ikkita gap ayting: biri so… that, biri such a… that bilan.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
