Vaqt iboralarining asosiy qoidasi: kun qismi bilan in (in the morning), tun va aniq soat bilan at (at night, at six), kun va sana bilan on (on Monday). Lekin this, next, last, every, tomorrow, yesterday, tonight oldidan predlog qo‘yilmaydi: next Monday, on next Monday emas. O‘tgan vaqt uchun son + ago (three days ago), kelajak uchun in + son (in three days).
Birinchi tezkor natija: “indinga” — the day after tomorrow, “o‘tgan kuni” — the day before yesterday. Hozir ikkalasini bir gapda ayting: I arrived the day before yesterday and I’m leaving the day after tomorrow.
Bu sahifa soatni aytish haqida emas (u sana va vaqt qo‘llanmasida), balki gapga vaqt qo‘shadigan iboralar haqida: a while ago, any minute now, by Friday, from now on.
Kun qismlari: in, at va predlogsiz shakllar
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| in the morning | ertalab | I study English in the morning, before work. |
| in the afternoon | tushdan keyin | The bank is quieter in the afternoon. |
| in the evening | kechqurun | We usually visit my grandmother in the evening. |
| at night | tunda | The metro doesn’t run at night. |
| at midnight | yarim tunda | The shop closes at midnight. |
| at noon / at midday | tush paytida, soat 12 da | Let’s meet at noon near Chorsu. |
| this morning | bugun ertalab | I missed the bus this morning. |
| tonight | bugun kechqurun, bugun tunda | Are you free tonight? |
| yesterday evening | kecha kechqurun | I called you yesterday evening. |
| last night | kecha kechasi | I didn’t sleep well last night. |
| tomorrow morning | ertaga ertalab | I’ll send the file tomorrow morning. |
| on Monday morning | dushanba kuni ertalab | The course starts on Monday morning. |
Ikki nozik nuqta. Birinchisi: yesterday night deyish mumkin, lekin tabiiy shakl — last night. Ikkinchisi: aniq kun qo‘shilsa, in o‘rniga on keladi: in the morning, lekin on Friday morning, on the morning of 21 March.
Predlogsiz iboralar: this, next, last, every
O‘zbekchada “kelasi haftada”, “o‘tgan yilda” deganda -da qo‘shimchasi bor, shuning uchun o‘quvchilar in next week deb yuboradi. Ingliz tilida bu so‘zlar o‘zi vaqtni bildiradi, predlog kerak emas.
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| this week | shu hafta | I’m very busy this week. |
| next month | kelasi oy | My sister is getting married next month. |
| last year | o‘tgan yil | We moved to Samarkand last year. |
| every day | har kuni | I practise speaking every day. |
| every other day | kunora | He goes to the gym every other day. |
| this time next year | kelasi yil shu paytda | This time next year I’ll be a student. |
| the week after next | ikki haftadan keyingi hafta | The exam is the week after next. |
| the day after tomorrow | indinga | The results come out the day after tomorrow. |
| the day before yesterday | o‘tgan kuni | I saw him the day before yesterday. |
| all day | kun bo‘yi | It rained all day. |
This Friday va next Friday farqi ingliz tilida so‘zlashuvchilarning o‘zini ham chalg‘itadi. Xavfsiz yo‘l: this Friday — shu haftadagi juma; ikki haftadan keyingisini nazarda tutsangiz, Friday next week deng yoki sanani qo‘shing.
Oldin va keyin: ago, in, later, before
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| three days ago | uch kun oldin | I sent the email three days ago. |
| a long time ago | ancha oldin | I read that book a long time ago. |
| a while ago | biroz oldin | She left a while ago. |
| in three days | uch kundan keyin | The visa will be ready in three days. |
| in a while | birozdan keyin | I’ll call you back in a while. |
| in a minute / in a second | hozir, bir daqiqada | Wait, I’ll be there in a minute. |
| two days later | ikki kundan keyin (o‘tgan voqeada) | We arrived on Monday, and two days later it snowed. |
| the day before | bir kun oldin (o‘tgan voqeada) | The exam was on Friday; I got sick the day before. |
| soon | tez orada | The new metro station will open soon. |
| later | keyinroq | Let’s talk later. |
| before long | ko‘p o‘tmay | Before long, everyone knew the news. |
Asosiy farq: ago — hozirdan orqaga (a week ago), in — hozirdan oldinga (in a week), later — o‘tgan voqeadagi biror nuqtadan keyin (a week later). After a week ham ishlatiladi, lekin I’ll come after a week emas, I’ll come in a week. Kelajak haqida gapirganda qaysi zamon kerakligi kelasi zamonni ifodalash sahifasida tushuntirilgan.
Qancha vaqt va qachongacha: for, since, during, until, by
| So‘z | Nimani bildiradi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| for | davomiylik (qancha vaqt) | I’ve lived in Tashkent for five years. |
| since | boshlanish nuqtasi (qachondan beri) | I’ve lived in Tashkent since 2021. |
| during | biror davr ichida | Please switch off your phone during the lesson. |
| while | ... paytida (keyin gap keladi) | I listen to podcasts while I’m driving. |
| until / till | ... gacha (davom etadi) | The shop is open until ten. |
| by | eng kechi ... gacha (muddat) | Send the report by Friday. |
| from … to … | ...dan ...gacha | I work from nine to six. |
| within | ... ichida | You’ll get an answer within 24 hours. |
Until va by farqi ishda juda muhim. Work until Friday — juma kunigacha ishlab turing. Finish by Friday — ish juma kuni yoki undan oldin tugagan bo‘lishi kerak. O‘zbekchada ikkalasi ham “jumagacha”, shuning uchun muddatlarda xato ko‘p chiqadi.
For va since odatda Present Perfect bilan keladi: I have worked here for two years, I work here since two years emas. Rus tilida gapiradiganlar since o‘rniga from qo‘yadi: I’ve known him from 2019 — noto‘g‘ri, since 2019.
Noaniq vaqt: hozir, yaqinda, endi
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| at the moment / right now | ayni paytda, hozir | I’m at work at the moment. |
| just now | hozirgina | Who called just now? |
| any minute now | har daqiqada, hademay | The guests will arrive any minute now. |
| recently | yaqinda | I recently started a new job. |
| lately | keyingi paytda | Have you seen Aziz lately? |
| these days / nowadays | hozirgi kunda | Nowadays everyone pays by card. |
| so far | hozircha, shu paytgacha | So far I’ve learnt 300 words. |
| for now | hozircha (vaqtincha) | That’s all for now. |
| from now on | bundan buyon | From now on, I’ll speak only English with Bandi. |
| at once / straight away | darhol | Call the doctor at once. |
| on time | o‘z vaqtida (aniq) | The train left on time. |
| in time | vaqtida ulgurib | We got to the airport just in time. |
| at last | nihoyat | At last the rain stopped! |
| in the end | oxir-oqibat | In the end we stayed at home. |
| once in a while | ba’zan, vaqti-vaqti bilan | We eat out once in a while. |
| the other day | yaqinda bir kuni | I met your brother the other day. |
| sooner or later | ertami-kechmi | Sooner or later you’ll need English at work. |
| in the past | ilgari | In the past, people wrote letters. |
| in the future | kelajakda | In the future, I want to work abroad. |
On time va in time ni aralashtirmang: on time — jadvaldagi aniq vaqtda (poyezd 9:00 da jo‘nadi), in time — kechikmasdan, biror narsaga ulgurib (just in time for dinner). At last esa uzoq kutishdan keyingi yengillikni bildiradi; ro‘yxatdagi oxirgi fikrni boshlash uchun finally yoki lastly kerak.
Bu iboralarning ko‘chma ma’nodagi qarindoshlari (in the nick of time, once in a blue moon) vaqt haqida idiomalar sahifasida.
Dialog: uchrashuvni ko‘chirish
Madina: Hi Javlon, are we still meeting on Thursday?
Javlon: Actually, I wanted to ask you. I have a deadline this week, and I have to send everything by Thursday evening.
Madina: No problem. What about the day after tomorrow? Or is that too soon?
Javlon: Friday is fine, but only after six. I’m in meetings until half past five.
Madina: Then let’s say Friday at seven, at the café near Mustaqillik Square.
Javlon: Perfect. I haven’t been there for ages.
Madina: Me neither. The last time was about a year ago, I think.
Javlon: Great. If anything changes, I’ll text you in the morning.
O‘zbek o‘quvchilari ko‘p qiladigan xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| on next Monday | next Monday | next, last, this oldidan predlog yo‘q |
| in the night | at night | Tun uchun at |
| before three days | three days ago | “Uch kun oldin” — ago gap oxirida |
| after two days (kelajak) | in two days | Hozirdan keyin — in |
| I live here since 2020. | I’ve lived here since 2020. | Since bilan Present Perfect |
| Finish it until Friday. | Finish it by Friday. | Muddat — by |
| yesterday night | last night | Tabiiyroq shakl |
| at the evening | in the evening | Kun qismi — in |
| today morning | this morning | Today kun qismi bilan birikmaydi |
Mashq
A. Bo‘sh joyga predlog qo‘ying yoki bo‘sh qoldiring (—).
- 1. I’ll see you ___ next week.
- 2. She always reads ___ night.
- 3. The meeting is ___ Monday afternoon.
- 4. I’ve worked here ___ 2022.
- 5. I’ve worked here ___ three years.
- 6. Please send the form ___ Wednesday; after that it’s too late.
- 7. The café is open ___ midnight.
B. Ingliz tiliga tarjima qiling.
- 8. Indinga imtihonim bor.
- 9. U ikki soat oldin ketdi.
- 10. Men o‘n daqiqadan keyin qaytaman.
- 11. Bugun ertalab metroda kitob o‘qidim.
- 12. Bundan buyon har kuni gapirishni mashq qilaman.
Javoblar
1 — (—) next week; 2 — at; 3 — on; 4 — since; 5 — for; 6 — by; 7 — until (till); 8 — I have an exam the day after tomorrow; 9 — She (He) left two hours ago; 10 — I’ll be back in ten minutes; 11 — I read a book on the metro this morning; 12 — From now on, I’ll practise speaking every day.
Hafta kunlari va oylar bilan birga keladigan predloglar, bayram sanalari va on Tuesdays kabi takroriy shakllar hafta kunlari va oylar sahifasida.
BandMate bilan mashq
Vaqt iboralari tez chiqishi uchun ularni o‘z hayotingiz haqida gapirganda ishlatish kerak. BandMate ilovasida Bandi sizdan What did you do last weekend? What are your plans for next month? kabi savollarni so‘raydi va ovozli javobingizga qarab izoh beradi: on next week yoki before two days deb yuborsangiz, to‘g‘ri shaklni ko‘rsatadi. Bugun uchta gap tuzing: biri ago bilan, biri in bilan, biri by bilan, va ularni suhbatda ishlating.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
