Xarakter sifatlari inglizcha: 60 so‘z, ijobiy va salbiy

Odamning fe’l-atvori haqida What is she like? deb so‘raladi va javob be + sifat bilan beriladi: She’s kind and reliable, but she can be a bit stubborn. Salbiy sifatni to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri aytish o‘rniga can be a bit… yoki not very… bilan yumshatish odat. Quyida 60 ta sifat to‘rt guruhda: odamlar bilan munosabat, ish va o‘qish, salbiy va ikki tomonlama.

Birinchi gapingiz: My best friend is generous and very funny. Endi generous o‘rniga o‘z do‘stingizga mos so‘zni jadvaldan toping.

kind — keksa ayolga palto kiydirayotgan yigit — **kind**keksa ayolga palto kiydirayotgan yigit

generous — patnisda shirinlik uzatayotgan ayol — **generous**patnisda shirinlik uzatayotgan ayol

honest — qo‘lini ko‘ksiga qo‘ygan yigit — **honest**qo‘lini ko‘ksiga qo‘ygan yigit

friendly — qo‘l uzatib salomlashayotgan yigit — **friendly**qo‘l uzatib salomlashayotgan yigit

funny — kulgili qiyofa qilayotgan bola — **funny**kulgili qiyofa qilayotgan bola

easy-going — qo‘llarini boshi ortiga qo‘yib bemalol turgan yigit — **easy-going**qo‘llarini boshi ortiga qo‘yib bemalol turgan yigit

determined — mushtini ko‘targan qat’iyatli qiz — **determined**mushtini ko‘targan qat’iyatli qiz

cautious — qutini ehtiyot bo‘lib ochayotgan qiz — **cautious**qutini ehtiyot bo‘lib ochayotgan qiz

Odamlar bilan munosabatda: 15 ijobiy sifat

№	Inglizcha	O‘zbekcha	Misol
1	kind	mehribon, rahmdil	She’s kind to everyone, even to people she doesn’t like.
2	friendly	xushmuomala, samimiy	The people in our new mahalla are really friendly.
3	generous	saxiy, qo‘li ochiq	He’s so generous — he always pays for the tea.
4	honest	rostgo‘y	I trust her because she’s honest with me.
5	loyal	sodiq, vafodor	A loyal friend doesn’t talk about you behind your back.
6	polite	odobli, xushmuomala	Your son is very polite; he always says hello.
7	helpful	yordamga tayyor	Our neighbour is helpful when something breaks.
8	caring	g‘amxo‘r	My sister is caring; she calls our grandmother every day.
9	patient	sabrli	You have to be patient to teach small children.
10	thoughtful	e’tiborli, o‘ylaydigan	It was thoughtful of you to remember my birthday.
11	sociable	kirishimli, davrani yaxshi ko‘radigan	He’s sociable and knows everyone at the office.
12	outgoing	ochiq ko‘ngil, dadil	She’s outgoing, so she makes friends quickly.
13	easy-going	bosiq, har kim bilan til topishadigan	My dad is easy-going; nothing really upsets him.
14	cheerful	xushchaqchaq	She’s always cheerful, even on Monday mornings.
15	funny	hazilkash, kulgili	Timur is funny; he makes the whole class laugh.

Ishda va o‘qishda: 15 ijobiy sifat

№	Inglizcha	O‘zbekcha	Misol
16	hard-working	mehnatkash	She’s hard-working and never misses a deadline.
17	reliable	ishonchli	If he says he’ll come, he comes. He’s reliable.
18	responsible	mas’uliyatli	The oldest child is often very responsible.
19	organised	tartibli, tashkilotchi	She’s organised; her notes have colours and tabs.
20	punctual	vaqtga aniq	Be punctual — the interview starts at nine.
21	ambitious	intiluvchan, katta maqsadli	He’s ambitious and wants to study in Korea.
22	determined	qat’iyatli	She failed twice, but she was determined to pass.
23	confident	o‘ziga ishongan	He’s confident when he speaks in public.
24	creative	ijodkor	Our art teacher is very creative.
25	curious	qiziquvchan	Curious students ask the best questions.
26	clever	aqlli, zukko	She’s clever, but she doesn’t show off.
27	sensible	aqli raso, mulohazali	Ask Dilshod — he’s the most sensible person I know.
28	calm	xotirjam	She stays calm even when the client shouts.
29	modest	kamtar	He won the olympiad, but he’s very modest about it.
30	open-minded	fikri keng	My grandfather is surprisingly open-minded.

Talaffuz: determined /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/ — oxiri “-mind”, “-maynd” emas. Reliable — urg‘u ikkinchi bo‘g‘inda: re-LI-able.

Salbiy sifatlar: 20 ta

№	Inglizcha	O‘zbekcha	Misol
31	lazy	dangasa	I’m lazy on Sundays; I stay in bed until ten.
32	rude	qo‘pol, odobsiz	It’s rude to look at your phone when someone’s talking.
33	selfish	xudbin	Don’t be selfish — share the somsa!
34	stubborn	o‘jar, qaysar	My brother is stubborn; he never admits he’s wrong.
35	bossy	buyruq berishni yaxshi ko‘radigan	She’s a bit bossy in group projects.
36	mean (UK) / stingy	xasis	He’s too mean to buy anyone a coffee.
37	arrogant	takabbur	The arrogant player didn’t shake hands.
38	big-headed	o‘zini katta oladigan	Winning made him a bit big-headed.
39	impatient	sabrsiz	I get impatient in traffic on Bobur Street.
40	moody	kayfiyati tez o‘zgaradigan	Teenagers can be moody.
41	bad-tempered	jahldor, tez achchiqlanadigan	He’s bad-tempered before his morning tea.
42	jealous	hasadchi, rashkchi	She gets jealous when I spend time with other friends.
43	nosy	hamma narsaga burnini suqadigan	Our nosy neighbour asks how much I earn.
44	two-faced	ikki yuzlamachi	A two-faced person is nice to you and mean about you.
45	unreliable	ishonchsiz	The delivery service is unreliable.
46	careless	beparvo	Careless mistakes cost me points in the test.
47	disorganised	tartibsiz	I’m disorganised; I lose my keys every week.
48	dishonest	yolg‘onchi, nohalol	A dishonest seller changed the price.
49	irresponsible	mas’uliyatsiz	It’s irresponsible to drive so fast.
50	narrow-minded	fikri tor	Narrow-minded people don’t accept new ideas.

Ko‘p salbiy sifat ijobiysiga old qo‘shimcha qo‘shib yasaladi: un- (unreliable, unkind, unfriendly), im- (impatient, impolite), dis- (dishonest, disorganised), ir- (irresponsible). Bitta so‘zni o‘rgansangiz, ikkitasini bilasiz.

strict — ko‘zoynakli, qo‘lini qovushtirgan jiddiy ayol — **strict**ko‘zoynakli, qo‘lini qovushtirgan jiddiy ayol

selfish — somsa likopchasini o‘ziga bosib olgan yigit — **selfish**somsa likopchasini o‘ziga bosib olgan yigit

lazy — divanda yastanib o‘tirgan yigit — **lazy**divanda yastanib o‘tirgan yigit

quiet — boshini egib jim turgan qiz — **quiet**boshini egib jim turgan qiz

intimidating — qo‘lini qovushtirib qarab turgan soqolli erkak — **intimidating**qo‘lini qovushtirib qarab turgan soqolli erkak

reckless — qo‘l tekkizmay velosiped haydayotgan bola — **reckless**qo‘l tekkizmay velosiped haydayotgan bola

micromanaging — xodimning ekraniga barmoq bilan ko‘rsatayotgan rahbar — **micromanaging**xodimning ekraniga barmoq bilan ko‘rsatayotgan rahbar

Ikki tomonlama sifatlar: 10 ta

Bu so‘zlar vaziyatga qarab maqtov ham, tanqid ham bo‘lishi mumkin.

№	Inglizcha	O‘zbekcha	Misol
51	quiet	kamgap	He’s quiet at first, but he’s great fun later.
52	shy	uyatchan	She was too shy to answer in class.
53	talkative	gapdon, sergap	Our taxi driver was very talkative.
54	strict	talabchan, qattiqqo‘l	Our maths teacher was strict but fair.
55	serious	jiddiy	He looks serious, but he has a good sense of humour.
56	sensitive	ta’sirchan, nozik tabiat	Don’t joke about her weight; she’s sensitive about it.
57	cautious	ehtiyotkor	My mum is cautious with money.
58	direct	to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri gapiradigan	My boss is direct; she tells you exactly what’s wrong.
59	competitive	raqobatni yaxshi ko‘radigan	He’s very competitive, even in chess with his son.
60	independent	mustaqil	She moved to Tashkent at 17 and became very independent.

Tanqidni muloyim aytish

Ingliz tilida odamni yuzma-yuz yoki uchinchi shaxsga tanqid qilganda ham yumshatuvchi so‘zlar ishlatiladi. Bu ayniqsa ish suhbatida muhim: “Kamchiligingiz nima?” savoliga javob kuchli va zaif tomonlar sahifasida alohida ko‘rilgan.

Keskin	Yumshoq
He’s lazy.	He’s not the most hard-working person.
She’s rude.	She can be a bit direct.
He’s stingy.	He’s careful with money.
She’s bossy.	She likes to be in charge.
He’s stubborn.	He tends to stick to his opinion.
She talks too much.	She’s quite talkative.

Soxta do‘stlar va tipik xatolar

Rus tilini biladiganlar uchun bir nechta tuzoq bor. Sympathetic — “hamdard”, симпатичный emas (u — nice yoki good-looking). Nervous — “hayajonli, xavotirli”; нервный odamni inglizcha irritable yoki bad-tempered deysiz. Sensitive (ta’sirchan) va sensible (aqli raso) — butunlay boshqa so‘zlar.

Xato	To‘g‘ri	Izoh
He is very kind person.	He’s a very kind person. / He’s very kind.	Sanaladigan ot oldida a.
She has a kind character.	She’s kind.	Qisqa va tabiiy.
He is very sympathetic boy. (yoqimtoy ma’nosida)	He’s a very nice boy.	Sympathetic — hamdard.
I am nervous person, I shout a lot.	I’m quite bad-tempered.	Nervous — hayajonlangan.
She is very sensible, she cries at films.	She’s very sensitive.	Sensible — mulohazali.
He is unpatient.	He is impatient.	p oldidan im-.

Do‘stni tasvirlash: sifat + dalil

Sifatni sanab chiqish zaif tasvir beradi. Kuchli tasvirda har bir sifatdan keyin kichik misol keladi. Quyidagi matn IELTS Part 2 kartasi (Describe a friend you can rely on) uchun mashq namunasi, rasmiy savol emas.

The friend I can always rely on is Nodira. We met in the first year of university, when we were both lost on the first day and looking for the same lecture room. She’s incredibly organised: she had already printed the timetable, so she saved both of us. Over the years I’ve found out that she’s also very loyal. When I had problems with my exams in the second year, she didn’t just say “don’t worry”; she stayed after classes and went through the material with me. She can be a bit stubborn — once she decides something, it’s almost impossible to change her mind — but that’s also why she finishes everything she starts. I think a reliable friend isn’t the one who is always fun, but the one who turns up when things go wrong.

Namunadagi naqsh: organised → bosma jadval, loyal → imtihon oldidan yordam, stubborn yumshatilgan (can be a bit) va ijobiy tomoni bilan tugagan. Boshqa darajadagi matnlar do‘st haqida matn sahifasida, tashqi ko‘rinish uchun so‘zlar esa tashqi ko‘rinishni tasvirlash sahifasida. Bir nechta sifat birga kelsa, xarakter sifati odatda yosh va rangdan oldin turadi: a friendly young teacher, a kind old man; qoida sifatlar tartibi sahifasida.

Mashq

A. Old qo‘shimcha bilan qarama-qarshi so‘z yasang.

1. reliable
2. patient
3. honest
4. responsible

B. Mos sifatni tanlang: generous, punctual, nosy, modest, stubborn.

5. He always arrives exactly on time. He’s ______.
6. She never talks about her prizes. She’s ______.
7. My aunt always asks who I’m texting. She’s ______.
8. He always shares his lunch and never lets friends pay. He’s ______.
9. She won’t change her mind, even when she’s wrong. She’s ______.

C. Muloyimroq qiling.

10. My manager is bossy.
11. Your cousin is stingy.

Javoblar

1 — unreliable; 2 — impatient; 3 — dishonest; 4 — irresponsible; 5 — punctual; 6 — modest; 7 — nosy; 8 — generous; 9 — stubborn; 10 — My manager likes to be in charge (yoki can be a bit bossy); 11 — Your cousin is careful with money.

Bandi bilan “What is he like?” savoliga javob

BandMate ilovasida Bandi sizdan yaqin odamingiz haqida so‘raydi va har bir sifatingizga Can you give me an example? deb qo‘shimcha savol beradi. Bu “sifat + dalil” odatini mashq qildiradi. Ovozli suhbatda sensible/sensitive yoki a kind person dagi artiklni tushirib qoldirsangiz, ilova tuzatish taklif qiladi. Yuqoridagi namunani o‘z do‘stingiz bilan qayta tuzing va ikki daqiqaga cho‘zib aytib ko‘ring.

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling