Ingliz tilida gap ega + fe’l + to‘ldiruvchi tartibida tuziladi, joy va vaqt esa oxiriga qo‘shiladi: I drink tea every morning. O‘zbekchada fe’l gap oxirida keladi (Men har kuni ertalab choy ichaman), inglizchada esa u egadan keyin, ikkinchi o‘rinda turadi. Bundan tashqari, inglizcha gapda ega va fe’l doim bo‘lishi shart: It’s cold (Sovuq emas), I’m tired (Charchadim emas).
Hozirning o‘zida sinab ko‘ring: Men Toshkentda yashayman → I live in Tashkent. Kim? I. Nima qiladi? live. Qayerda? in Tashkent. Quyida shu mantiq 5 qadamga ajratilgan, keyin tarjimasi bilan 40 ta tayyor gap va o‘zingiz haqingizda gap tuzish mashqi bor.
Fe’l qayerda turadi: o‘zbekcha va inglizcha tartib
| O‘zbekcha (ega – ... – fe’l) | Inglizcha (ega – fe’l – ...) |
|---|---|
| Men / osh / yaxshi ko‘raman. | I / love / plov. |
| Opam / bankda / ishlaydi. | My sister / works / in a bank. |
| Biz / kecha / kino / ko‘rdik. | We / watched / a film / yesterday. |
| U / charchagan. | He / is / tired. |
Oxirgi qatorga e’tibor bering: o‘zbekchada fe’l ko‘rinmaydi, inglizchada esa is qo‘shiladi. Sifat, ot yoki joy haqida gapirganda gapning fe’li am/is/are bo‘ladi.
5 qadamli usul: o‘zbekcha fikrdan inglizcha gapgacha
Misol gap: Opam har kuni ertalab metroda ishga boradi.
- Egani toping: kim yoki nima? — Opam → My sister. Inglizchada ega hech qachon tushib qolmaydi. Ob-havo va vaqt haqida gapirganda ham it qo‘yiladi: It’s late.
- Fe’lni toping va zamonini aniqlang. — boradi, bu odat, demak Present Simple: go.
- Fe’lni egadan keyin qo‘ying va moslang. — she bo‘lgani uchun -es qo‘shiladi: My sister goes. Fe’l bo‘lmasa, am/is/are ni qo‘ying.
- To‘ldiruvchi yoki yo‘nalishni fe’ldan keyin qo‘ying. — ishga → to work. Kimni? Nimani? Qayerga? degan savollarning javobi shu yerda turadi.
- Oxirida usul, joy va vaqt. — metroda → by metro, har kuni ertalab → every morning.
Natija: My sister goes to work by metro every morning.
Ravishlar (always, usually) va vaqt so‘zlarining aniq o‘rni so‘z tartibi sahifasida batafsil tushuntirilgan. Boshlanishiga bitta qoida yetadi: usually, always, never asosiy fe’ldan oldin keladi (I usually walk), be dan keyin esa ularning o‘rni o‘zgaradi (I’m always late).
Bitta gapdan uchta: darak, inkor va so‘roq
Darak gapni tuzib olsangiz, inkor va so‘roq undan yasaladi. Oddiy fe’lda do/does/did yordamga keladi, be va can esa o‘zi harakat qiladi.
| Fe’l turi | Darak | Inkor | So‘roq |
|---|---|---|---|
| be | She is a nurse. | She isn’t a nurse. | Is she a nurse? |
| oddiy fe’l (hozir) | They live in Qarshi. | They don’t live in Qarshi. | Do they live in Qarshi? |
| oddiy fe’l, 3-shaxs | He plays chess. | He doesn’t play chess. | Does he play chess? |
| oddiy fe’l (o‘tgan) | You called me. | You didn’t call me. | Did you call me? |
| can | I can drive. | I can’t drive. | Can you drive? |
doesn’t va didn’t dan keyin fe’l asl holiga qaytadi: He doesn’t play (plays emas), You didn’t call (called emas). Inkorning boshqa usullari (never, nobody) inkor gaplar sahifasida, what, where, why bilan savollar esa savol tuzish sahifasida.
Rasmlar bilan kun tartibi: 6 ta gap
Har bir rasmga qarab gapni ovoz chiqarib ayting, keyin uni inkor va so‘roqqa aylantiring.
40 ta namunaviy gap tarjimasi bilan
Gaplar bitta odam, andijonlik talaba Dilshod haqida. Ularni o‘zingizga moslab o‘zgartirsangiz, tayyor tanishuv matni hosil bo‘ladi.
Darak gaplar (1–10)
| № | Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | My name is Dilshod. | Mening ismim Dilshod. |
| 2 | I am nineteen years old. | Men o‘n to‘qqiz yoshdaman. |
| 3 | I live in Andijan with my family. | Men oilam bilan Andijonda yashayman. |
| 4 | I study economics at university. | Universitetda iqtisodiyot o‘qiyman. |
| 5 | My father works at a hospital. | Otam shifoxonada ishlaydi. |
| 6 | I have two younger sisters. | Ikkita singlim bor. |
| 7 | I get up at half past six. | Soat oltiyarimda turaman. |
| 8 | We have breakfast together. | Biz birga nonushta qilamiz. |
| 9 | I usually go to university by bus. | Universitetga odatda avtobusda boraman. |
| 10 | I like football and Korean films. | Futbol va koreys filmlarini yoqtiraman. |
Inkor gaplar (11–20)
| № | Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha |
|---|---|---|
| 11 | I’m not married. | Men uylanmaganman. |
| 12 | I don’t smoke. | Men chekmayman. |
| 13 | My mother doesn’t work on Saturdays. | Onam shanba kunlari ishlamaydi. |
| 14 | We don’t have a car. | Bizning mashinamiz yo‘q. |
| 15 | I can’t swim very well. | Unchalik yaxshi suza olmayman. |
| 16 | I didn’t go to university yesterday. | Kecha universitetga bormadim. |
| 17 | It isn’t far from here. | Bu yerdan uzoq emas. |
| 18 | There isn’t a gym near my house. | Uyim yaqinida sport zali yo‘q. |
| 19 | My brother wasn’t at home. | Akam uyda emas edi. |
| 20 | I won’t be late. | Kechikmayman. |
Ha/yo‘q savollari (21–30)
| № | Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha |
|---|---|---|
| 21 | Are you a student? | Siz talabamisiz? |
| 22 | Do you live near here? | Shu atrofda yashaysizmi? |
| 23 | Does your sister speak English? | Singlingiz inglizcha gapiradimi? |
| 24 | Can you drive? | Mashina hayday olasizmi? |
| 25 | Did you watch the match last night? | Kecha kechqurun o‘yinni ko‘rdingizmi? |
| 26 | Is there a bank near here? | Yaqin atrofda bank bormi? |
| 27 | Have you ever been to Khiva? | Xivada bo‘lganmisiz? |
| 28 | Are you working today? | Bugun ishlayapsizmi? |
| 29 | Will you come to the wedding? | To‘yga kelasizmi? |
| 30 | Was the exam difficult? | Imtihon qiyin bo‘ldimi? |
Wh-savollar (31–40)
| № | Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha |
|---|---|---|
| 31 | What’s your name? | Ismingiz nima? |
| 32 | Where do you live? | Qayerda yashaysiz? |
| 33 | What do you do? | Nima ish qilasiz? |
| 34 | How old are you? | Necha yoshdasiz? |
| 35 | What time do you get up? | Soat nechada turasiz? |
| 36 | How do you get to work? | Ishga qanday borasiz? |
| 37 | Why are you learning English? | Nega ingliz tilini o‘rganyapsiz? |
| 38 | Who do you live with? | Kim bilan yashaysiz? |
| 39 | What did you do at the weekend? | Dam olish kunlari nima qildingiz? |
| 40 | How long have you lived here? | Bu yerda qancha vaqtdan beri yashaysiz? |
33-gapga e’tibor bering: What do you do? ma’nosi “Hozir nima qilyapsiz?” emas, “Kasbingiz nima?”. 40-gapda esa zamon o‘zgaradi: “...dan beri” ma’nosi uchun Present Perfect kerak.
Boshlovchilar gap tuzishda qiladigan 4 xato
| Xato | To‘g‘ri | Qaysi qadam |
|---|---|---|
| I every day tea drink. | I drink tea every day. | 3 va 5: fe’l egadan keyin, vaqt oxirida |
| Is very hot today. | It is very hot today. | 1: ega majburiy |
| My brother very tall. | My brother is very tall. | 3: be tushib qolgan |
| She go to school by bus. | She goes to school by bus. | 3: she bilan -es |
Mashq 1: so‘zlarni tartibga keltiring
- 1. tea / drinks / my grandmother / without sugar
- 2. in Termez / they / last year / lived
- 3. at the weekend / play / we / football / usually
- 4. your brother / does / where / work / ?
- 5. isn’t / the metro station / far / from here
- 6. a new phone / bought / my father / yesterday
Mashq 2: o‘zingiz haqingizda 10 ta gap tuzing
Har bir band uchun bitta gap yozing, keyin uni ovoz chiqarib ayting.
- 1. Ismingiz (darak)
- 2. Qayerda yashaysiz (darak)
- 3. O‘qish yoki ish joyingiz (darak)
- 4. Oilangizdan bitta odam va uning kasbi (3-shaxs, -s ga e’tibor)
- 5. Qachon turasiz (vaqt oxirida)
- 6. Nima qilmaysiz (inkor)
- 7. Nimani qila olmaysiz (can’t)
- 8. Kecha nima qildingiz (Past Simple)
- 9. Suhbatdoshingizga bitta ha/yo‘q savoli
- 10. Suhbatdoshingizga bitta wh-savol
Javoblar
Mashq 1
- 1. My grandmother drinks tea without sugar.
- 2. They lived in Termez last year.
- 3. We usually play football at the weekend.
- 4. Where does your brother work?
- 5. The metro station isn’t far from here.
- 6. My father bought a new phone yesterday.
Mashq 2: namunaviy javob (o‘zingiznikini shunga solishtiring)
- 1. My name is Malika.
- 2. I live in Chirchiq.
- 3. I work as an accountant at a small company.
- 4. My brother is a driver. He works for a taxi company.
- 5. I get up at seven o’clock on weekdays.
- 6. I don’t drink coffee in the evening.
- 7. I can’t cook plov yet.
- 8. Yesterday I visited my aunt.
- 9. Do you like music?
- 10. Where do you usually spend your holidays?
Tekshirish uchun har gapda uch narsaga qarang: ega bormi, fe’l egadan keyinmi, 3-shaxsda -s qo‘shilganmi. Tayyor gaplaringizni bitta matnga ulash uchun o‘zini tanishtirish matni sahifasidagi shablondan foydalaning. Qisqa gaplarni and, but, because bilan uzunroq gapga aylantirishni qo‘shma gaplar sahifasida o‘rganasiz.
O‘zingiz haqingizda gapirish: Bandi bilan birinchi suhbat
Gapni yozishda 5 qadamni o‘ylab bajarasiz, suhbatda esa ular tezlashishi kerak. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan o‘zingiz, ishingiz va kun tartibingiz haqida gaplashing: bu aynan yuqoridagi 40 ta gapning mavzusi. Mashq 2 dagi javoblaringizni avval ovoz chiqarib o‘qing, keyin qog‘ozga qaramasdan suhbatda ishlatib ko‘ring. Qaysi gapda to‘xtab qolganingizni belgilab qo‘ying: odatda bu 3-shaxs -s yoki savoldagi do/does bo‘ladi.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
