Birovning gapini keyinroq yetkazganda zamon odatda bir qadam orqaga suriladi (am → was, will → would, have done → had done), olmosh va vaqt so‘zlari ham o‘zgaradi, savol esa darak gap tartibiga o‘tadi. Siljish jadvali, say/tell/ask farqi va 16 ta reporting verb reported speech o‘zbekcha sahifasida.
Quyidagi 30 ta topshiriqda gaplarni bir kundan keyin yetkazayotgandek yozing, agar boshqacha aytilmagan bo‘lsa. That ni qo‘yish yoki tushirish ixtiyoriy, javoblarda u qavs ichida berilgan.
1-bosqich: said, told yoki tell (1–7)
Bo‘sh joyga said, told, say yoki tell ning to‘g‘ri shaklini qo‘ying.
- 1. Nodir ___ me that he was moving to Andijan.
- 2. My mum ___ that dinner was ready.
- 3. The doctor ___ my father to stop smoking.
- 4. She ___ goodbye to everyone and left.
- 5. Excuse me, can you ___ me the time?
- 6. Our guide ___ us a story about the Registan.
- 7. He ___ to me that he didn’t like plov. I couldn’t believe it!
2-bosqich: darak gaplar va zamon siljishi (8–15)
- 8. “I’m working from home today,” Sanjar said.
- 9. “I’ve never been to Khiva,” my colleague said.
- 10. “We’ll send the documents on Monday,” the manager told me.
- 11. “I can’t find my glasses,” Grandma said.
- 12. “I lost my ticket at the station,” Aziza told the guard.
- 13. “I’m going to buy a flat next year,” my cousin said.
- 14. “You should drink more water,” the nurse told me.
- 15. “Tashkent is the capital of Uzbekistan,” our teacher said.
3-bosqich: savollarni yetkazing (16–22)
Savol belgisi va do/does/did yo‘qoladi. Yes/no savollarda if yoki whether keladi.
- 16. “Where do you work?” the interviewer asked me.
- 17. “Do you like green tea?” our guest from London asked me.
- 18. “How long have you been learning English?” the examiner asked me.
- 19. “Did you finish the report?” my boss asked me.
- 20. “What time does the bank open?” a tourist asked me.
- 21. “Will you be at home tomorrow?” the courier asked me.
- 22. “Why are you crying?” my sister asked our little brother.
4-bosqich: buyruq, iltimos va xatolar (23–30)
**A. Buyruq va iltimoslarni told / asked + to bilan yetkazing (23–27).**
- 23. “Close the door,” the teacher told Aziz.
- 24. “Don’t be late,” my father told me.
- 25. “Please call me back,” Malika said to me.
- 26. “Could you turn the music down?” our neighbour asked us.
- 27. “Don’t touch the oven, it’s hot,” Mum told the kids.
B. Xatoni toping va tuzating (28–30).
- 28. She said me that she was tired.
- 29. He asked me where did I live.
- 30. They told that the shop was closed.
Javoblar
1-bosqich: said, told, tell
- 1. told — kimga aytilgani bor (me), demak told.
- 2. said — kimga aytilgani yo‘q.
- 3. told — buyruq yoki maslahat: tell someone to do.
- 4. said — say goodbye, say hello, say thank you doim say bilan.
- 5. tell — tell me the time: kimga + nima.
- 6. told — tell a story, tell a joke, tell the truth — tayyor iboralar.
- 7. said — say to me mumkin, told to me esa yo‘q. Say dan keyin kishi to bilan keladi.
2-bosqich: darak gaplar
- 8. Sanjar said (that) he was working from home that day. — am working → was working, today → that day.
- 9. My colleague said (that) she had never been to Khiva. — Present Perfect → Past Perfect (hamkasb erkak bo‘lsa, he).
- 10. The manager told me (that) they would send the documents on Monday. — will → would. Agar dushanba hali kelmagan bo‘lsa, they will send ham to‘g‘ri.
- 11. Grandma said (that) she couldn’t find her glasses. — can’t → couldn’t; my → her.
- 12. Aziza told the guard (that) she had lost her ticket at the station. — Past Simple → Past Perfect. Og‘zaki nutqda she lost ham qabul qilinadi.
- 13. My cousin said (that) he was going to buy a flat the following year. — next year ham o‘zgaradi: the following year yoki the next year.
- 14. The nurse told me (that) I should drink more water. — should o‘zgarmaydi.
- 15. Our teacher said (that) Tashkent is the capital of Uzbekistan. — hozir ham to‘g‘ri fakt, siljish shart emas. Was ham xato hisoblanmaydi.
3-bosqich: savollar
- 16. The interviewer asked me where I worked. — do yo‘qoladi, ega fe’ldan oldin keladi. Where did I work — xato.
- 17. Our guest from London asked me if (whether) I liked green tea.
- 18. The examiner asked me how long I had been learning English. — Present Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous.
- 19. My boss asked me if I had finished the report. — did finish → had finished.
- 20. A tourist asked me what time the bank opened. — does … open → opened.
- 21. The courier asked me if I would be at home the next day. — will → would, tomorrow → the next day.
- 22. My sister asked our little brother why he was crying. — are you → he was: tartib ham, olmosh ham o‘zgaradi.
4-bosqich: buyruqlar va xatolar
- 23. The teacher told Aziz to close the door. — buyruq to + V1 ga aylanadi.
- 24. My father told me not to be late. — inkor buyruqda not to. Told me don’t be late — xato.
- 25. Malika asked me to call her back. — please bo‘lsa, asked tabiiyroq; please ning o‘zi tushib qoladi.
- 26. Our neighbour asked us to turn the music down. — Could you…? shaklida bo‘lsa ham, bu savol emas, iltimos. Uni if we could bilan emas, asked us to bilan yetkazish tabiiyroq.
- 27. Mum told the kids not to touch the oven because it was hot. — ikkinchi qism oddiy darak gap sifatida siljiydi.
- 28. She told me that she was tired. yoki She said (to me) that she was tired. — said me yo‘q.
- 29. He asked me where I lived. — yetkazilgan savolda so‘z tartibi darak gapdagidek. O‘zbek va rus tilida savol tartibi deyarli o‘zgarmagani uchun bu xato juda ko‘p uchraydi.
- 30. They said that the shop was closed. yoki They told us that… — told dan keyin kishi shart.
Ballingiz va qaysi qismni qayta ko‘rish kerak
| Ball | Holat | Keyingi qadam |
|---|---|---|
| 27–30 | Reported speech tayyor | Og‘zaki yetkazishni mashq qiling (pastda) |
| 20–26 | Savollarda so‘z tartibi adashadi | 3-bosqichni qayta ishlang, muloyim savollar sahifasidagi Could you tell me where… qolipini ko‘ring |
| 12–19 | Zamon siljishi hali mustahkam emas | Reported speech o‘zbekcha sahifasidagi siljish jadvalini daftarga ko‘chiring |
| 0–11 | Say/tell va zamonlar chalkash | Avval say, tell, speak, talk farqi bilan boshlang |
9, 12, 18 va 19-savollarda qiynalgan bo‘lsangiz, muammo reported speech’da emas, Past Perfect’ning o‘zida bo‘lishi mumkin: past perfect qoidasi sahifasida had + V3 ni alohida mashq qiling.
Suhbatni boshqa odamga yetkazish: Bandi bilan og‘zaki mashq
Ish joyida va o‘qishda reported speech har kuni kerak: “Mijoz nima dedi?”, “O‘qituvchi nima so‘radi?” BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan suhbatlashgach, uning savollarini boshqa odamga aytib berayotgandek qayta ayting: Bandi asked me what I had done at the weekend. I told him I had visited my grandparents. Ilova said me yoki asked where did I kabi xatolarni belgilaydi. Bu AI izohi, lekin o‘z xatolaringizni ko‘rish uchun yetarli.
