Problem–solution essay’da savol muammoning sababi (yoki oqibati) va unga yechim so‘raydi. Kuchli javobning siri — har bir yechim aynan siz yozgan sababga qarshi ishlashi kerak. “Hukumat bu muammoni hal qilishi kerak” kabi umumiy yechim hech qaysi sababga javob bermaydi, shuning uchun fikr rivojlanmagan bo‘lib ko‘rinadi.
Rasmiy formatda Task 2 uchun taxminan 40 daqiqa va kamida 250 so‘z belgilangan; rasmiy tavsifda muammoga yechim taklif qilish Task 2 vazifalaridan biri sifatida keltiriladi. Quyidagi savol va essay mashq uchun yozilgan, ular rasmiy IELTS materiali emas.
Savolning variantlari
- What are the causes of this problem? What measures could be taken to solve it? — sabab + yechim.
- What problems does this cause? How can they be solved? — oqibat (muammolar) + yechim.
- Why is this happening? What can be done about it? — sabab + yechim, boshqa so‘zlar bilan.
Uchala holatda ham bu ikki qismli savol: har bir qismga alohida paragraf ajrating. Ikki savolli essay’larning boshqa juftliklari two-part question essay sahifasida.
Mashq savoli
Traffic congestion is becoming a serious problem in many large cities. What are the causes of this problem? What measures could be taken to reduce it? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words.
Reja: sabab → mexanizm → yechim
Rejaning markazida jadval turadi. Har bir sababning yonida u qanday ishlashini yozing: yechim aynan shu mexanizmni to‘xtatishi kerak.
| Sabab | Mexanizm (nega tirbandlik bo‘ladi) | Mos yechim |
|---|---|---|
| Shaxsiy mashinalar ko‘paydi | Avtobus sekin va gavjum, mashina qulayroq | Avtobus uchun alohida yo‘lak, metroni yangi mahallalarga uzaytirish |
| Hamma bir vaqtda yo‘lga chiqadi | Ish, maktab, universitet bir soatda boshlanadi | Boshlanish vaqtini bo‘lib qo‘yish, haftada bir-ikki kun masofaviy ish |
| Yangi turar joylar chetda | Jamoat transporti yetib bormaydi | Yangi yo‘nalishlar, bekatlarni mahalla bilan birga qurish |
Essay uchun ikkita sabab va ikkita mos yechim yetadi. Uchinchi qatorni zaxirada saqlang: vaqt qolsa, misol sifatida ishlatasiz.
Izohli namuna essay
Traffic jams have become a daily reality in many large cities, costing commuters time and adding to air pollution. In my view, the problem is caused mainly by the rapid growth in car use and by the fact that most journeys happen at the same time of day, and it can be reduced by making public transport more attractive and by spreading travel more evenly.
The most obvious cause is that the number of private cars has risen faster than road capacity. As incomes grow, many families buy their first car, and in cities where buses are slow or crowded, driving becomes the most convenient option even for short journeys. A second cause is timing. Offices, schools and universities tend to start at around the same hour, so a large share of trips take place within a short period in the morning and evening. Even a well-designed road network struggles to absorb such peaks.
Each of these causes points to a specific solution. If people drive because public transport is unattractive, the answer is to make it faster and more reliable than the car. Dedicated bus lanes, for example, allow buses to pass queues of traffic, and extending metro lines to new residential districts gives the people living there a real alternative. To deal with peak-hour congestion, employers and universities could stagger their start times or allow some staff to work from home on certain days, which would spread journeys more evenly across the day.
In conclusion, congestion results mainly from growing car use and from most people travelling at the same times. The most effective measures are those that address these causes directly, such as better public transport and more flexible schedules, rather than simply building more roads.
Essay taxminan 290 so‘z.
Izohlar:
- Kirish ikkala savolga qisqa javob beradi: ikki sabab va ikki yechim. O‘quvchi essay’ning xaritasini birinchi paragrafdan oladi.
- Body 1 faqat sabablar. Har sababda mexanizm bor: buses are slow → driving is more convenient; start at the same hour → peaks.
- Body 2 birinchi gapi (Each of these causes points to a specific solution) ikki paragrafni bog‘laydi. Keyin har yechim If people drive because… va To deal with peak-hour congestion… orqali o‘z sababiga qaytadi.
- Yechimda kim, nima, qanday: employers and universities (kim) could stagger their start times (nima) which would spread journeys more evenly (natija). Bu “umumiy yechim” muammosini yo‘qotadi.
- Modal fe’llar: could, would. Hamma joyda must yozish buyruq ohangini beradi va dalilni zaiflashtiradi.
- Xulosa yangi fikr qo‘shmaydi, lekin rather than simply building more roads bilan pozitsiyani aniq yopadi.
Paragraflar orasidagi bog‘lanish haqida: Writing coherence and cohesion.
O‘zbek o‘quvchilar qiladigan xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri variant |
|---|---|
| The government should solve this problem. | City authorities could introduce bus lanes on the busiest roads. |
| People must use public transport. | More people would use public transport if it were faster than driving. |
| There are many traffics in Tashkent. | There is a lot of traffic in Tashkent. (traffic sanalmaydi) |
| This will decrease the problem. | This will reduce / ease congestion. |
| It can be solved by build new roads. | It can be solved by building new roads. |
| The government should make people to use buses. | …make people use buses yoki encourage people to use buses |
| Yechimlar sababdan boshqa narsa haqida | Har yechim oldidan: “Bu qaysi sababga javob?” |
Yana bir xavf — uchta sabab va uchta yechimni bir gapdan yozib, hech birini tushuntirmaslik. Ikkita rivojlangan fikr oltita ro‘yxatdan kuchliroq. Xuddi shu mantiq IELTS Speaking’da ham ishlaydi: Part 3 environment savollarida sabab va yechimni og‘zaki tahlil qilish mashqlari bor.
Mashq 1: sababni yechimga bog‘lang
Mavzu: Many young people finish university without the practical skills employers need. Har bir sabab (1–4) uchun eng mos yechimni (A–E) tanlang. Bitta yechim ortiqcha.
Sabablar:
- Courses focus on theory and exams, not on real tasks.
- Students rarely have contact with companies before graduating.
- Teaching materials are out of date in fast-changing fields such as IT.
- Students do not practise teamwork or presentations.
Yechimlar:
- A. Compulsory internships in the final year.
- B. Group projects assessed partly on presentations.
- C. Replacing some exams with practical assignments based on real cases.
- D. Building more university dormitories.
- E. Inviting industry specialists to help update course content every year.
Javoblar: 1 — C; 2 — A; 3 — E; 4 — B. D ortiqcha: yotoqxona muammoning birorta sababiga javob bermaydi.
Mashq 2: umumiy yechimni aniq qiling
Har bir gapni kim + nima qiladi + qanday natija shakliga keltiring.
- The government should do something about pollution.
- Schools must solve the problem of obesity.
- People should be more responsible.
Namuna javoblar:
- City authorities could require old buses to be replaced with electric ones, which would cut emissions in the city centre.
- Schools could replace sugary drinks in canteens with water and add a daily sports session, which would reduce children’s calorie intake and increase activity.
- Local councils could fine drivers who leave their engines running outside schools, which would encourage more responsible behaviour.
Mashq 3: to‘liq essay
Mashq 1 dagi mavzuni oling: What are the causes of this problem? What solutions can you suggest? 5 daqiqada sabab–mexanizm–yechim jadvalini tuzing, 30 daqiqa yozing, 5 daqiqa tekshiring. Tekshiruvda har bir yechim yoniga u javob beradigan sabab raqamini yozing. Raqamsiz qolgan yechimni o‘chiring yoki qayta yozing. Boshqa Task 2 turlari IELTS bo‘limida.
BandMate haqida
BandMate essay’ni baholamaydi va Writing bandi bermaydi: ilova asosan gapirish mashqiga qurilgan. Sabab va yechimni tez tushuntirish esa og‘zaki mashqda yaxshi rivojlanadi. Bandi bilan suhbatda shahringizdagi tirbandlik yoki boshqa muammo haqida gapiring, keyin eng yaxshi ikki dalilni essay rejasiga yozing. Ilova talaffuz bo‘yicha fikr beradi va IELTS Speaking mock testini taklif qiladi. AI fikri rasmiy band emas.
