Ish mavzusidagi Task 2 savollari odatda besh yo‘nalishdan keladi: maosh yoki qoniqish, masofaviy ish, ishni tez-tez almashtirish, texnologiya va avtomatlashtirish, keksa va yosh xodimlar. Bu savollarda ko‘p o‘quvchi o‘z hayotidan misol topa oladi, lekin fikrni shaxsiy hikoyaga aylantirib yuboradi. Esse uchun umumlashtirilgan dalil, aniq misol va yozma uslubdagi birikmalar kerak: job satisfaction, career prospects, the labour market. Quyida oltita mashq savoli, g‘oyalar jadvali, birikmalar, to‘liq namuna esse va reja mashqi bor.
Oltita mashq savoli va har birining tuzog‘i
Savollarni BandMate tahririyati mashq uchun tuzgan; ular real imtihon savollari sifatida taqdim etilmaydi.
- 1. Opinion. Job satisfaction is more important than a high salary. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Tuzoq: ikkala tomonga teng ball berib, pozitsiyasiz qolish. To what extent aniq darajani so‘raydi: largely agree, partly agree.
- 2. Discussion. Some people think employees should be allowed to work from home, while others believe they should work in an office. Discuss both views and give your opinion. Tuzoq: faqat o‘z fikrini yozib, ikkinchi qarashni tushirib qoldirish.
- 3. Two-part question. Young people today change jobs more often than their parents did. Why is this happening? Is it a positive or negative development? Tuzoq: sabablarni uzoq yozib, ikkinchi savolga bitta gap qoldirish.
- 4. Advantages / disadvantages. More and more people are becoming self-employed instead of working for a company. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? Tuzoq: afzallik va kamchiliklarni sanab, qaysi biri og‘irroq ekanini aytmaslik.
- 5. Problem / solution. Many workers feel stressed and exhausted by their jobs. What are the causes, and what can employers do? Tuzoq: yechimni hukumatga yuklash, holbuki savol employers haqida.
- 6. Opinion. Computers and robots will soon replace most human workers. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Tuzoq: most so‘zini e’tiborsiz qoldirish. “Ba’zi ishlar yo‘qoladi” degan fikr most bilan bir xil emas.
Uchinchi savol uchun to‘liq namuna pastda. Bu tur haqida umumiy reja two-part question qo‘llanmasida bor.
G‘oyalar jadvali: tarafdor, qarshi va mahalliy misol
Imtihonchi raqam tekshirmaydi, lekin o‘ylab topilgan “statistika” esse ishonchliligini buzadi. Shuning uchun misollar raqamsiz berilgan.
| Mavzu | Tarafdor dalil | Qarshi dalil | O‘zbekistondan misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| Masofaviy ish | Yo‘lda vaqt ketmaydi, xodim chet ellik mijoz bilan ishlay oladi | Yangi xodim tajribali hamkasbdan kam o‘rganadi, ish va uy chegarasi yo‘qoladi | IT Park rezidentlari orasida xorijiy buyurtmachilar uchun masofadan ishlaydigan jamoalar bor |
| Maosh yoki qoniqish | Oilani boqish, uy-joy va to‘y xarajatlari maoshni birinchi o‘ringa qo‘yadi | Qiziqmagan ishda odam tez charchaydi va sifat tushadi | Ko‘p oilalar barqarorlik uchun davlat ishini afzal ko‘radi, yoshlar esa xususiy sektorda o‘sishni qidiradi |
| O‘z ishini ochish | Erkin jadval, daromad cheklanmagan | Barqaror daromad va ijtimoiy kafolat yo‘q | Bozordagi oilaviy do‘konlar, uydan onlayn savdo qiladigan tadbirkorlar |
| Ilovalar orqali ish | Tez daromad, kirish oson | Kafolat yo‘q, uzoq soat ishlash | Taksi va yetkazib berish ilovalarida ishlaydigan yoshlar |
| Chet elda ishlash | Oilaga pul yuborish, yangi ko‘nikma | Oila ajraladi, mahalliy mehnat bozori ishchi yo‘qotadi | Rossiya va Janubiy Koreyada ishlayotgan mehnat muhojirlari |
| Avtomatlashtirish | Og‘ir va xavfli ishni mashina bajaradi | Kam malakali ishchilar ish joyini yo‘qotadi | To‘lov va o‘tkazmalarni bank ilovasida qilish mumkin bo‘lgach, oddiy operatsiya uchun filialga borish zarurati kamaydi |
Speaking Part 3’da xuddi shu mavzuni og‘zaki muhokama qilish uchun ish mavzusidagi Part 3 savollari sahifasini ko‘ring: g‘oyalar o‘xshash, lekin gapirish uslubi boshqa.
Yozma uslubdagi 16 ta birikma
Kundalik ish so‘zlari (deadline, meeting, colleague) ish lug‘ati sahifasida jamlangan. Esse uchun kengroq, umumlashtiruvchi birikmalar kerak:
| Birikma | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| the labour market | mehnat bozori | The labour market now rewards digital skills. |
| career prospects | martaba istiqboli | Internships improve graduates’ career prospects. |
| job satisfaction | ishdan qoniqish | Job satisfaction depends partly on recognition. |
| a stable income | barqaror daromad | Freelancers often lack a stable income. |
| job security | ish joyi kafolati | Public sector roles usually offer job security. |
| work-life balance | ish va shaxsiy hayot muvozanati | Long commutes damage work-life balance. |
| flexible working hours | moslashuvchan ish vaqti | Flexible working hours help parents. |
| a heavy workload | og‘ir ish yuki | A heavy workload leads to mistakes. |
| staff turnover | xodimlar almashinuvi | High staff turnover is costly for firms. |
| an entry-level position | tajribasizlar uchun lavozim | Few entry-level positions require no experience. |
| be made redundant | ishdan qisqartirilmoq | Some clerks were made redundant after automation. |
| go freelance | mustaqil ishlashga o‘tmoq | Many designers go freelance after a few years. |
| a skills gap | ko‘nikma yetishmovchiligi | Employers complain about a skills gap in IT. |
| retrain | qayta o‘qimoq, yangi kasb o‘rganmoq | Older workers may need to retrain. |
| the gig economy | qisqa buyurtmalar iqtisodiyoti | The gig economy offers freedom but little protection. |
| burnout | charchab holdan toyish | Burnout is common in jobs with no clear limits. |
O‘zbek o‘quvchiga xos xatolar. I want to find a work emas, a job yoki work (artiklsiz). Salary is enough small emas, the salary is too low. Workers who work in the office takroriga yo‘l qo‘ymang: office staff. Young people change their works emas, change jobs.
Namuna esse: nega yoshlar ishni tez-tez almashtiradi
Practice sample — not an official score. Bu esseni BandMate tahririyati yozgan, rasmiy band qo‘yilmagan. Savol yuqoridagi 3-mashq savoli.
A generation ago, many people in Uzbekistan joined a factory, a school or a ministry after graduation and stayed there until retirement. Today it is common for a graduate to have three or four employers before the age of thirty. This shift is driven mainly by new kinds of work and changing expectations, and I believe it is largely a positive development, provided that young people move for the right reasons.
The first reason is that the labour market itself has changed. Sectors such as software development, online retail and delivery services have grown quickly, and they compete for young staff by offering higher pay or flexible hours. A junior developer in Tashkent, for example, can work remotely for a foreign client, so a better offer is often only one application away. The second reason is a shift in attitudes. Many young people see a job as a stage in their development rather than a lifelong commitment, and they leave when they stop learning.
On balance, this trend brings more benefits than drawbacks. Moving between employers allows workers to build a wider range of skills and to find a role that genuinely suits them, which tends to raise job satisfaction. It also pushes companies to treat their staff better, because unhappy employees can simply leave. The main risk is that someone who changes jobs every few months never develops deep expertise and may look unreliable to future employers. However, this is a problem of frequency, not of the trend itself.
In conclusion, young people change jobs more often because the economy offers more options and because they value growth over stability. As long as each move is a step forward rather than an escape, I consider this a healthy development.
Paragraflar bo‘yicha qisqa tahlil.
- Kirish ikkala savolga javob beradi: sabab (new kinds of work and changing expectations) va baho (largely positive). Shart (provided that…) pozitsiyani nozikroq qiladi.
- 1-body faqat birinchi savolga javob beradi va ikkita sababni The first reason / The second reason bilan ajratadi. Toshkentdagi dasturchi misoli umumiy fikrni aniq qiladi.
- 2-body ikkinchi savolga javob beradi va qarshi fikrni (The main risk…) tan olib, keyin cheklaydi (a problem of frequency). Bu “outweigh” turidagi mantiqni ikki qismli savolda ham ishlatish mumkinligini ko‘rsatadi.
- Xulosa yangi fikr qo‘shmaydi; kirishdagi shartni boshqa so‘zlar bilan qaytaradi.
Reja mashqi: qaysi tezis savolga mos?
Har bir mashq savoli uchun eng mos tezisni tanlang (A, B yoki C). Keyin nega qolgan ikkitasi mos emasligini bir jumlada ayting.
1. Job satisfaction is more important than a high salary. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
- A. There are many advantages and disadvantages of high salaries.
- B. I largely agree, although a salary must first cover a family’s basic needs.
- C. Salaries in Uzbekistan have changed a lot in recent years.
2. Some people think employees should work from home; others believe they should work in an office. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
- A. Although home working saves time, I believe a mix of both is the most productive option.
- B. I strongly believe that working from home is the best.
- C. Working from home became popular during the pandemic.
3. Many workers feel stressed by their jobs. What are the causes, and what can employers do?
- A. Governments should pass laws to limit working hours.
- B. Stress is a serious problem for everyone.
- C. Stress is mainly caused by heavy workloads and unclear expectations, and employers can reduce it by planning work more fairly.
4. More people are becoming self-employed. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
- A. Being self-employed has both advantages and disadvantages.
- B. While self-employment is financially risky, I believe its freedom and flexibility outweigh this drawback.
- C. Self-employed people should pay less tax.
Javoblar
- 1 — B. Daraja (largely) va shart bor. A savolni advantages/disadvantages turiga aylantiradi; C mavzuga yaqin, lekin savolga javob emas.
- 2 — A. Ikkala qarashni tan oladi va o‘z fikrini beradi. B faqat bitta tomonni ko‘radi, ikkinchi qarashni muhokama qilishga joy qoldirmaydi; C fakt, pozitsiya emas.
- 3 — C. Sabab ham, ish beruvchi qiladigan yechim ham bor. A yechimni hukumatga beradi, savol esa employers haqida; B hech narsa aytmaydi.
- 4 — B. Qaysi tomon og‘irroq ekani aniq. A eng ko‘p uchraydigan zaif tezis: savolning outweigh qismiga javob bermaydi. C boshqa mavzu.
To‘rtalasini to‘g‘ri topdingizmi? Endi 5-mashq savoliga o‘zingiz 40 daqiqada esse yozing. Kirish qismini qanday qurish haqida kirish qismi qo‘llanmasida o‘qing.
Ish haqidagi dalillarni Bandi bilan og‘zaki sinab ko‘ring
Ish mavzusi Speaking’da ham, Writing’da ham tez-tez chiqadi, shuning uchun bir marta tayyorlagan g‘oyalaringiz ikki joyda ishlaydi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan masofaviy ish yoki kasb tanlash haqida suhbatlashib, fikringizni sabab va misol bilan tushuntirishni mashq qilasiz; ilova grammatika va so‘z tanlash bo‘yicha tuzatish beradi. Bu rasmiy band emas va yozma essengizni baholamaydi, lekin rejaga kiradigan dalillarni oldindan pishitadi.
Manbalar
- IELTS: Academic Writing testining rasmiy formati
- IELTS: General Training Writing testining rasmiy formati
