Phrasal verb — fe’l va kichik so‘z (up, off, on, out) birikmasi bo‘lib, ma’nosi ko‘pincha alohida so‘zlardan kelib chiqmaydi: give — bermoq, lekin give up — tashlab qo‘ymoq. Ona tili ingliz bo‘lganlar kundalik nutqda ularni doim ishlatadi, shuning uchun ularsiz gapingiz darslikdagidek rasmiy eshitiladi.
Quyida 30 ta eng foydali phrasal verb vaziyat bo‘yicha guruhlangan: har birida o‘zbekcha ma’no va misol gap. Keyin ular beshta qisqa dialogda ishlatilgan, oxirida javobli mashq bor.
Tong va uy
| Phrasal verb | Ma’no | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| wake up | uyg‘onmoq | I usually wake up at 6:30. |
| get up | o‘rnidan turmoq | I wake up at 6:30, but I don’t get up until 7. |
| turn on | yoqmoq | Can you turn on the air conditioner? It’s so hot. |
| turn off | o‘chirmoq | Don’t forget to turn off the gas. |
| put on | kiymoq (harakat) | Put on your jacket, it’s cold outside. |
| take off | yechmoq; samolyot ko‘tarilmoq | Please take off your shoes. / The plane took off late. |
| clean up | yig‘ishtirmoq, tozalamoq | Let’s clean up before the guests arrive. |
| run out of | tugab qolmoq | We’ve run out of bread. |
O‘qish va ish
| Phrasal verb | Ma’no | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| find out | bilib olmoq, aniqlamoq | I found out about this job on Telegram. |
| fill in | (forma) to‘ldirmoq | Please fill in this form. |
| look up | (lug‘at, internetda) qidirmoq | I looked up the word in the dictionary. |
| figure out | tushunib yetmoq, yechim topmoq | I can’t figure out this task. |
| hand in | topshirmoq | We have to hand in the essay on Monday. |
| give up | taslim bo‘lmoq; tashlamoq | Don’t give up. / He gave up smoking. |
| carry on | davom ettirmoq | Sorry for interrupting. Please carry on. |
| set up | tashkil qilmoq, sozlamoq | I’ll set up a meeting for Thursday. |
Odamlar bilan
| Phrasal verb | Ma’no | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| get on with | yaxshi chiqishmoq | I get on well with my colleagues. |
| look after | qaramoq, g‘amxo‘rlik qilmoq | My grandmother looks after my little brother. |
| call back | qayta qo‘ng‘iroq qilmoq | I’m driving. Can I call you back? |
| catch up | yangiliklarni gaplashib olmoq | Let’s meet for coffee and catch up. |
| hang out | vaqt o‘tkazmoq (norasmiy) | We usually hang out at Magic City on weekends. |
| pick up | (mashinada) olib ketmoq | I’ll pick you up at eight. |
| drop off | olib borib qo‘ymoq | Can you drop me off at the metro? |
| show up | kelmoq (ko‘pincha kutilmaganda) | He showed up an hour late. |
Reja va muammo
| Phrasal verb | Ma’no | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| put off | keyinga surmoq | Stop putting off your IELTS registration. |
| call off | bekor qilmoq | They called off the match because of the rain. |
| come up with | o‘ylab topmoq | She came up with a great idea. |
| sort out | hal qilmoq, tartibga solmoq | Don’t worry, I’ll sort it out. |
| break down | buzilib qolmoq | Our car broke down on the way to Samarkand. |
| look forward to | intiqlik bilan kutmoq | I’m looking forward to seeing you. |
Ko‘rib turganingizdek, bitta phrasal verbning bir nechta ma’nosi bo‘lishi mumkin (take off, pick up). Yangi ma’noni alohida misol gap bilan yozing, lug‘atdagi ro‘yxat ko‘rinishida emas.
Pick it up: so‘z tartibi qoidasi
Ko‘p phrasal verblar “ajraladigan” bo‘ladi: to‘ldiruvchi o‘rtaga ham, oxirga ham qo‘yiladi.
- Turn off the TV. / Turn the TV off. — ikkalasi to‘g‘ri.
- Olmosh bo‘lsa, faqat o‘rtaga: Turn it off. Turn off it — xato.
- I’ll pick up my sister. / I’ll pick my sister up. / I’ll pick her up.
Ajralmaydigan phrasal verblar ham bor: look after her (not look her after), get on with him. Uch so‘zli birikmalar (run out of, come up with, look forward to, get on with) doim birga turadi.
Ishonchingiz komil bo‘lmasa, olmoshni o‘rtaga qo‘ying va lug‘atda tekshiring: yaxshi lug‘atlar ajraladigan fe’lni pick somebody up ko‘rinishida beradi.
5 ta qisqa dialog
Ertalab uyda
Ona: Wake up! It’s already seven.
Aziz: I’m awake. I just don’t want to get up.
Ona: Get up and put on something warm. It’s cold today.
Aziz: Can you turn on the kettle? Oh, and we’ve run out of milk.
Ona: Then pick some up on your way home.
Ishxonada
Menejer: Did you find out why the client is unhappy?
Madina: Yes. They filled in the form, but nobody called them back.
Menejer: Can you sort it out today?
Madina: Sure. I’ll call them back after lunch and set up a meeting.
Menejer: Great. Carry on.
Do‘stlar bilan reja
Jasur: Are we still hanging out on Saturday?
Sardor: I have to put it off, sorry. My exam is on Monday.
Jasur: No problem. Let’s catch up next week, then.
Sardor: Deal. I’m really looking forward to it.
Yo‘lda muammo
Dilnoza: Hi, sorry, I’ll be late. My car broke down near Chilonzor.
Kamola: Oh no! Should I pick you up?
Dilnoza: No, thanks. My brother is coming. He’ll drop me off at the café.
Kamola: OK. Don’t worry, we won’t call it off.
O‘qish haqida
Nodira: I almost gave up on phrasal verbs. There are too many.
Bekzod: Don’t give up. I came up with a system: ten a week, each in my own sentence.
Nodira: And when you forget one?
Bekzod: I look it up and write a new example. It works.
Har bir dialogni ikki marta o‘qing: avval matnga qarab, keyin faqat birinchi qatorni ko‘rib. Ikkinchi urinishda phrasal verbni yodingizdan topishga harakat qiling.
O‘zbek o‘rganuvchilar ko‘p qiladigan xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri | Nima uchun |
|---|---|---|
| Open the TV / open the light. | Turn on the TV / the light. | O‘zbekcha “televizorni och” so‘zma-so‘z |
| Close the TV. | Turn off the TV. | Xuddi shu sabab |
| Turn off it. | Turn it off. | Olmosh o‘rtaga qo‘yiladi |
| I’m looking forward to meet you. | I’m looking forward to meeting you. | To bu yerda predlog, keyin -ing |
| Wear your coat, we’re leaving! | Put on your coat. | Wear — holat, put on — kiyish harakati |
| I gave up from smoking. | I gave up smoking. | From ortiqcha |
| Look after the word in Google. | Look up the word. | Look after — qaramoq, g‘amxo‘rlik |
| I’ll call back to you. | I’ll call you back. | Olmosh o‘rtaga, to kerak emas |
Yana bir odat: phrasal verbni rasmiy sinonimi bilan almashtirish. Postpone, cancel, discover xato emas, lekin do‘stona suhbatda put off, call off, find out ko‘proq eshitiladi. Rasmiy xat va IELTS Writing’da esa aksincha, bir so‘zli fe’l ko‘pincha yaxshiroq.
Mashq: to‘g‘ri phrasal verbni qo‘ying
Qavsdagi ma’noga mos phrasal verbni to‘g‘ri shaklda yozing.
- I usually ______ at six, but today I overslept. (uyg‘onmoq)
- Can you ______ the lights? I’m trying to sleep. (o‘chirmoq)
- We’ve ______ sugar. Can you buy some? (tugab qolmoq)
- I need to ______ this form before Friday. (to‘ldirmoq)
- Who ______ your cat when you travel? (qaramoq)
- The meeting was ______ because the boss was ill. (bekor qilmoq)
- I’m ______ to the holidays. (intiqlik bilan kutmoq)
- Don’t worry about the tickets, I’ll ______ it ______. (hal qilmoq)
- My laptop ______ during the online exam. (buzilib qolmoq)
- I’ll ______ you ______ at the airport at 9. (olib ketmoq)
Javoblar: 1 — wake up; 2 — turn off; 3 — run out of; 4 — fill in (yoki fill out); 5 — looks after; 6 — called off; 7 — looking forward; 8 — sort … out; 9 — broke down; 10 — pick … up.
30 ta fe’lni qanday yodda saqlash
Bir kunda 30 tasini yodlash foyda bermaydi. Har kuni bitta guruhdan besh-oltitasini oling va har biri bilan o‘zingiz haqingizda bitta gap tuzing: I wake up at 6:30 because I work in Yunusobod. Keyingi kuni avvalgi gaplarni xotiradan ayting, so‘ng yangi guruhga o‘ting. Takrorlash oralig‘ini qanday belgilash spaced repetition qo‘llanmasida tushuntirilgan.
Phrasal verb yaxshi suhbatning bir qismi, xolos. Suhbatni boshlash va davom ettirish iboralari uchun inglizcha conversation starters sahifasini ko‘ring. IELTS Speaking’da phrasal verblar lug‘at boyligining tabiiy belgisi hisoblanadi; bu qanday baholanishi Lexical Resource bo‘yicha qo‘llanmada.
BandMate bilan suhbatda ishlatish
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan kun tartibingiz, ishingiz yoki dam olish rejangiz haqida ovozli suhbat qilib, shu 30 ta fe’lni real gaplarda sinab ko‘rishingiz mumkin. Darslar lug‘atni takrorlatadi, talaffuz bo‘yicha fikr ham beriladi. Ilova sizning o‘rningizga yodlamaydi: har suhbatdan keyin ishlata olmagan bitta fe’lni yozib qo‘ying va keyingi safar birinchi navbatda o‘shani ishlating.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
