Affect va effect farqi: fe’l va ot, IELTS yozuvida ishlatish

Affect — fe’l: ta’sir qilmoq (Pollution affects our health). Effect — ot: ta’sir, natija (Pollution has an effect on our health). Ikkala gap bir xil ma’noni beradi, faqat birinchisida harakat fe’l bilan, ikkinchisida ot bilan aytilgan.

Eng tez tekshiruv: gapda a/an/the yoki sifatdan keyin kelsa — effect (a strong effect, the effect). Egadan keyin fe’l o‘rnida tursa — affect (It affects…, Stress affected…). Eslab qolish uchun: A — action (harakat, fe’l), E — end result (natija, ot).

Solishtirish jadvali

Talaffuzda farq faqat birinchi kuchsiz bo‘g‘inda, tez nutqda ikkalasi deyarli bir xil eshitiladi. Shuning uchun bu juftlik gapirishda emas, yozishda muammo tug‘diradi. Ona tili ingliz tili bo‘lganlar ham ularni ko‘p adashtiradi.

“Affect on” xatosi qayerdan keladi

O‘zbekcha ta’sir qilmoq bilan -ga qo‘shimchasi keladi: sog‘liqqa ta’sir qiladi. Ruschada влиять на здоровье. Shu ikkala tildan on ni avtomatik qo‘shib, Smoking affects on health deb yoziladi. Aslida affect o‘timli fe’l: to‘ldiruvchi to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri keladi.

• ✗ Social media affects on teenagers.
• ✓ Social media affects teenagers.
• ✓ Social media has an effect on teenagers.
• ✓ Social media has an influence on teenagers.

Ya’ni on faqat ot bilan qoladi: effect on, impact on, influence on. Fe’l bilan on kerak emas. (Impact fe’l sifatida impact on bilan ham, on siz ham uchraydi; IELTS yozuvida uni ot sifatida ishlatish xavfsizroq.)

Effect bilan ishlaydigan birikmalar

Sifat + effect:

• a positive / negative effect — ijobiy / salbiy ta’sir
• a significant / considerable effect — sezilarli ta’sir
• a harmful effect — zararli ta’sir
• a long-term / short-term effect — uzoq / qisqa muddatli ta’sir
• side effects — nojo‘ya ta’sir (dori)
• a knock-on effect — zanjir ta’siri, bir o‘zgarish boshqasini keltirib chiqarishi
• the greenhouse effect — issiqxona effekti

Fe’l + effect:

• have an effect on — ta’sir qilmoq
• feel the effects of — ta’sirini sezmoq: Farmers are feeling the effects of the drought.
• reduce / minimise the effects of — ta’sirini kamaytirmoq
• take effect / come into effect — kuchga kirmoq, ta’sir qila boshlamoq: The new law comes into effect next month.

Affect bilan ishlaydigan birikmalar

Ravish + affect ko‘pincha ta’sir kuchini ko‘rsatadi:

• seriously / badly affect — jiddiy ta’sir qilmoq
• directly affect — bevosita ta’sir qilmoq
• be affected by — ta’siriga tushmoq (majhul nisbat): Thousands of people were affected by the flood.
• the affected area / people — zarar ko‘rgan hudud / odamlar
• affect someone deeply — kimgadir chuqur ta’sir qilmoq (his-tuyg‘u): The film affected me deeply.

Kam uchraydigan ikki ma’no

To‘liq manzara uchun ikkita istisnoni bilib qo‘ying, lekin ularni o‘zingiz kamdan-kam ishlatasiz:

• effect fe’l sifatida — rasmiy uslubda “amalga oshirmoq”: The new director effected major changes. (O‘zgarishlarni amalga oshirdi.) Bu affected changes (o‘zgarishlarga ta’sir qildi) dan boshqa ma’no.
• affect ot sifatida — psixologiyada tashqi ko‘rinadigan his-tuyg‘u ifodasi. Oddiy matnda uchramaydi.

Yana ikki qarindosh so‘z: effective — samarali (an effective method), efficient — tejamli, kam kuch bilan ishlaydigan (an efficient engine). Affective esa faqat ilmiy matnlarda uchraydi. O‘xshash “bir harf farq qiladi” juftligi economic va economical sahifasida bor.

Affect, effect, impact, influence: IELTS yozuvida almashtirish

Task 2 inshosida bir so‘zni qayta-qayta takrorlamaslik uchun bu to‘rt so‘zni navbatlab ishlating:

Quyidagi paragraf mashq uchun yozilgan namuna, rasmiy imtihon materiali emas:

Online learning affects students in different ways. On the one hand, it has a positive effect on access to education, because a student in Nukus can attend a lecture given in Tashkent. On the other hand, long hours in front of a screen can have a negative impact on concentration. Teachers also influence how well online courses work: when they give regular feedback, the effects of isolation are much smaller.

Paragrafda bir fikr to‘rt xil vosita bilan aytilgan. Tana paragrafini qanday qurish haqida Writing Task 2 body paragraph sahifasida o‘qing, birikmalarni kengaytirish uchun esa collocations sahifasiga qarang.

Bitta so‘z, ikki xil ma’no

Esselarda ko‘p uchraydigan 8 ta xato

Oltinchi xato make va do tuzog‘iga o‘xshaydi: o‘zbekcha ta’sir qilmoq dagi qilmoq ni make deb tarjima qilish. To‘g‘ri fe’l have. Esselardagi boshqa tizimli xatolar common English mistakes sahifasida jamlangan.

Qisqa dialog: kurs ishi ustida

Zarina: I’m writing about climate change. How does it affect Uzbekistan?

Bekzod: One big effect is on water. The Aral Sea region is still affected by the shortage.

Zarina: So I can write “Climate change has a serious effect on water supply”?

Bekzod: Yes. And don’t write “affects on”. Our teacher crosses it out every time.

Zarina: Ha! Okay. What about farmers?

Bekzod: Heat waves affect cotton and wheat, and the effects go further: food prices rise.

Mashq: affect yoki effect? (15 ta gap)

To‘g‘ri so‘zni kerakli shaklda qo‘ying (affect, affects, affected, effect, effects, effective).

1. Lack of sleep can ______ your memory.
2. The new rules will take ______ on 1 January.
3. What ______ did the medicine have?
4. Many villages were badly ______ by the earthquake.
5. Social media has a strong ______ on how teenagers see themselves.
6. The noise from the road ______ my concentration every evening.
7. Doctors are studying the long-term ______ of the virus.
8. Did the price rise ______ your family budget?
9. This is the most ______ way to learn new words.
10. His kind words had a calming ______ on everyone.
11. The strike ______ thousands of passengers last week.
12. Scientists measured the ______ of heat on wheat.
13. Stress doesn’t only ______ adults; it ______ children too.
14. The side ______ of this pill include headaches.
15. Nobody can predict how the decision will ______ prices.

Javoblar

1. affect — modal can dan keyin fe’lning birinchi shakli.
2. effect — take effect = kuchga kirmoq, ot.
3. effect — What + ot; have an effect.
4. affected — majhul nisbat: were affected by.
5. effect — a strong dan keyin ot, on bilan.
6. affects — ega the noise (birlik), hozirgi zamon, s bilan.
7. effects — the long-term + ot, ko‘plik.
8. affect — Did dan keyin fe’l.
9. effective — samarali, sifat.
10. effect — a calming effect on.
11. affected — o‘tgan zamon fe’li.
12. effect — the effect of X on Y.
13. affect … affects — birinchisi doesn’t dan keyin, ikkinchisi it bilan.
14. effects — side effects, ko‘plik.
15. affect — will dan keyin fe’l.

Xato qilgan har bir gapda o‘zingizga savol bering: “Bu yerda fe’l kerakmi yoki ot?” Shu savol 15 tadan 13–14 tasini to‘g‘ri hal qiladi.

Esse jumlalarini ovoz chiqarib tekshirish

Yozishdan oldin fikrni og‘zaki aytib ko‘rish gapni tartibga soladi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan texnologiya, ekologiya yoki ta’lim kabi IELTS mavzularida ovozli suhbat qilasiz va fikringizni affect, effect, impact bilan turlicha ifodalashni mashq qilasiz. AI javobidagi izohlar mashq uchun, ular rasmiy IELTS bahosi emas.

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