Collocation — tabiiy ravishda birga keladigan so‘zlar juftligi: make a decision, heavy rain, strong coffee. Ingliz tilida odamlar “qaror qiladi” deb do a decision demaydi, “kuchli yomg‘ir”ni strong rain demaydi. Grammatik jihatdan bu gaplar xato emasdek ko‘rinadi, lekin quloqqa g‘alati eshitiladi. Shuning uchun so‘zni yakka emas, sherigi bilan yodlash kerak. Quyida collocation’ning 6 turi, 60 ta eng foydali birikma, o‘zbekchadan so‘zma-so‘z tarjima qilinganda chiqadigan xatolar va mashq.
Tezkor qoida: yangi so‘zni daftarga yozganda, uning oldiga yoki ketidan keladigan bitta so‘zni ham qo‘shib yozing. Decision emas — make a decision; rain emas — heavy rain.
Collocation turlari: 6 ta qolip
| Tur | Qolip | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| Fe’l + ot | make + decision | make a decision, take a photo |
| Sifat + ot | heavy + rain | heavy rain, strong coffee |
| Ravish + sifat | deeply + disappointed | highly recommended, bitterly cold |
| Fe’l + ravish | work + hard | speak fluently, sleep well |
| Ot + ot / o‘lchov | a piece of + advice | a piece of advice, a traffic jam |
| Fe’l + predlog | depend + on | depend on, listen to |
1. Fe’l + ot: 24 ta
Bu eng katta guruh va eng ko‘p xato ham shu yerda: o‘zbekchada ko‘p harakat “qilmoq” bilan aytiladi, inglizchada esa har bir otning o‘z fe’li bor. make va do farqi alohida sahifada: make va do farqi.
| Birikma | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| make a decision | qaror qabul qilmoq | I made a decision to study medicine. |
| make a mistake | xato qilmoq | Everyone makes mistakes. |
| make progress | olg‘a siljimoq | You’re making good progress. |
| make an effort | harakat qilmoq | Please make an effort to be on time. |
| do homework | uy vazifasini bajarmoq | I do my homework after dinner. |
| do the shopping | bozor-o‘char qilmoq | Dad does the shopping on Saturdays. |
| do sport / exercise | sport bilan shug‘ullanmoq | I do exercise three times a week. |
| do someone a favour | yaxshilik qilmoq | Can you do me a favour? |
| take a photo | rasmga olmoq | Can you take a photo of us? |
| take medicine | dori ichmoq | Take this medicine twice a day. |
| take an exam | imtihon topshirmoq | I’m taking an exam in June. |
| take a break | tanaffus qilmoq | Let’s take a short break. |
| have a shower | dush qabul qilmoq | I have a shower every morning. |
| have a look | qarab ko‘rmoq | Can I have a look? |
| have fun | maza qilmoq | We had fun at the wedding. |
| give advice | maslahat bermoq | My uncle gave me good advice. |
| give a speech | nutq so‘zlamoq | The groom’s father gave a speech. |
| pay attention | e’tibor bermoq | Pay attention to the road. |
| pay a visit | tashrif buyurmoq | We paid a visit to our grandparents. |
| catch a cold | shamollamoq | I caught a cold on the bus. |
| keep a promise | va’dada turmoq | He always keeps his promises. |
| break a promise | va’dani buzmoq | Don’t break your promise. |
| save time | vaqtni tejamoq | The metro saves time. |
| spend time | vaqt o‘tkazmoq | I spend a lot of time with my cousins. |
2. Sifat + ot: 14 ta
| Birikma | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| heavy rain | kuchli yomg‘ir | Heavy rain flooded the street. |
| heavy traffic | tirband yo‘l | There’s heavy traffic on Amir Temur Street. |
| strong wind | kuchli shamol | A strong wind broke the branches. |
| strong coffee / tea | quyuq qahva / choy | I need a strong coffee. |
| high price | yuqori narx | Prices are high before Navro‘z. |
| a serious mistake | jiddiy xato | It was a serious mistake. |
| a close friend | yaqin do‘st | Aziz is a close friend of mine. |
| a big decision | muhim qaror | Moving abroad is a big decision. |
| fast food | tez tayyor ovqat | Fast food is cheap but unhealthy. |
| a quick shower | tez dush | I had a quick shower. |
| a deep sleep | qattiq uyqu | He fell into a deep sleep. |
| a light meal | yengil ovqat | I prefer a light meal in the evening. |
| a narrow escape | zo‘rg‘a qutulib qolish | We had a narrow escape on the icy road. |
| common sense | sog‘lom fikr | Use your common sense. |
3. Ravish + sifat: 8 ta
| Birikma | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| highly recommended | juda tavsiya etilgan | This restaurant is highly recommended. |
| deeply disappointed | qattiq hafsalasi pir bo‘lgan | I was deeply disappointed with the result. |
| bitterly cold | qahraton sovuq | It was bitterly cold in January. |
| completely different | butunlay boshqacha | Tashkent is completely different now. |
| perfectly normal | mutlaqo normal | It’s perfectly normal to feel nervous. |
| absolutely delicious | juda-juda mazali | The plov was absolutely delicious. |
| fully aware | to‘liq xabardor | I’m fully aware of the risks. |
| easily available | oson topiladigan | Fresh fruit is easily available in summer. |
Eslatma: absolutely odatda “kuchli” sifatlar bilan keladi (delicious, amazing, exhausted). absolutely good emas, really good yoki very good.
4. Fe’l + ravish: 4 ta
| Birikma | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| work hard | qattiq ishlamoq | She works hard every day. |
| speak fluently | ravon gapirmoq | He speaks Russian fluently. |
| sleep well | yaxshi uxlamoq | Did you sleep well? |
| drive carefully | ehtiyot bo‘lib haydamoq | Drive carefully, it’s raining. |
5. O‘lchov va ot + ot: 5 ta
| Birikma | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| a piece of advice | bitta maslahat | Let me give you a piece of advice. |
| a loaf of bread | bitta non (buxanka) | Buy a loaf of bread, please. |
| a bar of chocolate | bitta shokolad | I bought a bar of chocolate. |
| a traffic jam | tirbandlik | We were stuck in a traffic jam. |
| a round of applause | olqishlar | Let’s give them a round of applause. |
Advice, information, news sanalmaydi: an advice xato, a piece of advice to‘g‘ri.
6. Fe’l + predlog: 5 ta
| Birikma | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| depend on | …ga bog‘liq bo‘lmoq | It depends on the price. |
| listen to | tinglamoq | I listen to podcasts on the bus. |
| wait for | kutmoq | I’m waiting for my sister. |
| apologise for | uzr so‘ramoq | I apologise for the delay. |
| arrive in / at | yetib kelmoq | We arrived in Samarkand at noon. We arrived at the station. |
Arrive in — shahar va mamlakat bilan, arrive at — bino va aniq joy bilan. Arrive to deyilmaydi.
O‘zbekchadan so‘zma-so‘z tarjima: 12 ta tuzoq
O‘zbek tilida “qilmoq, bermoq, olmoq” juda ko‘p birikmada ishlaydi. Inglizchaga ko‘chirganda aynan shu fe’llar xato chiqaradi. Rus tilini biladiganlar uchun ham ba’zi tuzoqlar tanish.
| O‘zbekcha | So‘zma-so‘z (xato) | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|---|
| qaror qilmoq | do a decision | make a decision |
| rasm olmoq | make a photo | take a photo |
| dori ichmoq | drink medicine | take medicine |
| kuchli yomg‘ir | strong rain | heavy rain |
| savol bermoq | give a question | ask a question |
| e’tibor bermoq | give attention | pay attention |
| imtihon bermoq | give an exam | take an exam |
| shamollab qolmoq | take a cold | catch a cold |
| vaqt o‘tkazmoq | pass time (ko‘p holatda) | spend time |
| tush ko‘rmoq | see a dream | have a dream |
| sport qilmoq | make sport | do sport |
| chiroqni yoqmoq | open the light | turn on the light |
Pass time ham mavjud, lekin “zerikmaslik uchun vaqtni o‘tkazish” ma’nosida: We played cards to pass the time. Oddiy “vaqt o‘tkazmoq” — spend time.
Collocation’ni qayerdan topish va qanday yodlash
- Lug‘atdagi misol gaplar. Oxford Learner’s yoki Cambridge lug‘atida so‘zni ochib, misollardagi qalin yoki takrorlanadigan birikmalarga qarang.
- Collocations lug‘ati. Oxford nashriyotining maxsus collocations lug‘ati bor: decision so‘zini ochsangiz, u bilan keladigan fe’l va sifatlar ro‘yxati chiqadi.
- O‘qiyotganda belgilash. Maqola yoki kitobda sizga yangi bo‘lgan juftlikni (heavy traffic, pay attention) butunligicha kartochkaga yozing.
- Bitta ot — uchta sherik. Har bir muhim otga fe’l, sifat va predlog toping: decision → make a decision, a difficult decision, a decision about.
IELTS Speaking mavzulari bo‘yicha tayyor birikmalar IELTS Speaking collocations sahifasida, ta’lim, ish va shahar mavzusidagi B2 iboralar CEFR B2 vocabulary da, akademik darajadagilari esa C1 darajadagi so‘zlar da.
Mashq: 12 savol
A. To‘g‘ri fe’lni tanlang.
- 1. I need to (make / do) a decision today.
- 2. Can you (make / take) a photo of me near Registan Square?
- 3. Don’t forget to (drink / take) your medicine.
- 4. Please (give / pay) attention to the teacher.
- 5. I (took / caught) a cold last week.
- 6. Can I (ask / give) a question?
B. Sifat yoki ravishni qo‘ying: heavy, strong, bitterly, highly, close, deep
- 7. There was ___ traffic on the way to the airport.
- 8. I can’t sleep after ___ coffee.
- 9. This book is ___ recommended.
- 10. It was ___ cold in the mountains.
C. Xatoni tuzating.
- 11. My teacher gave me an advice about the exam.
- 12. We arrived to Tashkent late at night.
Javoblar
1 — make; 2 — take; 3 — take; 4 — pay; 5 — caught; 6 — ask; 7 — heavy; 8 — strong; 9 — highly; 10 — bitterly; 11 — My teacher gave me some advice / a piece of advice about the exam.; 12 — We arrived in Tashkent late at night.
Birikmalarni Bandi bilan jonli suhbatda sinash
Collocation’ni bilganingiz gapirayotganda ma’lum bo‘ladi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan “kechagi kuningiz” mavzusida gaplashing va har javobda shu sahifadagi kamida bitta fe’l + ot birikmasini ishlating: I had a quick shower, did the shopping, spent time with my cousins… So‘zma-so‘z tarjima qilingan birikmani sezib qolsangiz, keyingi javobda to‘g‘risini qayta ayting.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
