Make va do farqi: 80 ta birikma, qoida va 15 ta mashq

Do — jarayon, vazifa, umuman “ish bajarish”: do homework, do the ironing, do something. Make — natijada yangi narsa paydo bo‘ladi: ovqat, qaror, shovqin, pul, xato: make tea, make a decision, make a mistake.

Tekshiruv savoli: “Ish tugagach, qo‘lda yoki dunyoda yangi narsa qoladimi?” Qolsa, ko‘pincha make. Faqat vazifa bajarilgan bo‘lsa, do. Qoida taxminan 80% birikmada ishlaydi, qolganini butun holicha yodlaysiz; ularni pastda alohida ajratdik.

Bir jadvalda: make, do va o‘zbekcha “qilmoq”

Muammoning ildizi shu jadvalning pastki ikki qatorida. O‘zbekcha qilmoq ikkala fe’lni ham qoplaydi: xato qilmoq (make), uy vazifasini qilmoq (do), qaror qilmoq (make), xarid qilmoq (do). Ruscha делать ham xuddi shunday. Shuning uchun tarjima qilib emas, birikmani butunicha eslab qolish kerak: “make + a mistake” bitta blok.

Make yana bir tuzilmada keladi: make + kishi + fe’l = majbur qilmoq yoki sabab bo‘lmoq. My mum made me wash the car. (Onam mashinani yuvdirdi.) This song makes me happy. Do bunday ishlamaydi.

Do bilan 34 ta birikma

Vazifa, o‘qish va ish

• do homework — uy vazifasini bajarmoq
• do an exercise — mashq bajarmoq
• do a test / an exam — test yechmoq, imtihon topshirmoq
• do a course — kursda o‘qimoq
• do research — tadqiqot qilmoq
• do a project — loyiha ustida ishlamoq
• do business — biznes yuritmoq, savdo qilmoq
• do overtime — ish vaqtidan tashqari ishlamoq
• do a job — biror ishni bajarmoq
• do your best — qo‘lingizdan kelganini qilmoq

My cousin is doing a course in web design at IT Park. I did my best, but the listening part was too fast.

Umumiy ish: something, nothing, anything

• do something — nimadir qilmoq
• do nothing — hech narsa qilmaslik
• do anything — biror narsa qilmoq (savol/inkorda)
• do everything — hamma narsani qilmoq
• do the rest — qolganini qilmoq
• do it again — yana qilmoq
• do well — yaxshi natija ko‘rsatmoq
• do badly — yomon natija ko‘rsatmoq

Ish nomi aytilmagan, noaniq bo‘lsa, deyarli har doim do: Don’t just sit there, do something! She did well in the milliy sertifikat exam.

Yaxshilik, zarar va o‘zini parvarish

• do someone a favour — birovga yaxshilik qilmoq, iltimosini bajarmoq
• do good — foyda keltirmoq
• do harm — zarar yetkazmoq
• do damage — shikast yetkazmoq
• do your hair — sochini turmaklamoq
• do your make-up — pardoz qilmoq
• do exercise — jismoniy mashq qilmoq
• do yoga / karate — yoga, karate bilan shug‘ullanmoq
• do the right thing — to‘g‘ri ish qilmoq
• do a good job — ishni yaxshi bajarmoq

Uy ishlari

• do the housework, do the dishes, do the ironing, do the shopping, do the laundry, do the cooking — uy ishlari, idish yuvish, dazmollash, xarid, kir yuvish, ovqat qilish.

Uy ishlarining to‘liq ro‘yxati va oilada ish taqsimoti haqida gapirish uy ishlari sahifasida bor, bu yerda takrorlamaymiz.

Make bilan 46 ta birikma

Ovqat va ichimlik

• make breakfast / dinner — nonushta, kechki ovqat tayyorlamoq
• make tea / coffee — choy damlamoq, qahva qilmoq
• make a cake — tort pishirmoq
• make plov — osh damlamoq
• make a sandwich — buterbrod qilmoq
• make a salad — salat to‘g‘ramoq

Ovqatda natija bor (dasturxonda turibdi), shuning uchun make. Lekin umumiy “ovqat qilish” ishi — do the cooking.

Qaror, reja va kelishuv

• make a decision — qaror qabul qilmoq
• make a choice — tanlov qilmoq
• make a plan — reja tuzmoq
• make an appointment — qabulga yozilmoq
• make arrangements — kelishib olmoq, tayyorgarlik ko‘rmoq
• make a list — ro‘yxat tuzmoq
• make a reservation — joy band qilmoq
• make a deal — kelishuvga kelmoq
• make a promise — va’da bermoq
• make an effort — harakat qilmoq

Gap, tovush va nutq

• make a speech — nutq so‘zlamoq
• make a phone call — qo‘ng‘iroq qilmoq
• make a complaint — shikoyat qilmoq
• make a comment — izoh bermoq
• make a suggestion — taklif kiritmoq
• make an excuse — bahona qilmoq
• make a joke — hazil qilmoq
• make a noise — shovqin qilmoq
• make a point — fikrni aniq aytmoq
• make a request — iltimos bilan murojaat qilmoq

Aytilgan gap ham natija: u havoda “paydo bo‘ladi”. Shuning uchun nutq birikmalari make bilan.

Natija, pul va o‘zgarish

• make a mistake — xato qilmoq
• make progress — oldinga siljimoq
• make money — pul topmoq
• make a profit / a loss — foyda ko‘rmoq / zarar ko‘rmoq
• make a difference — o‘zgarish yasamoq, ta’sir qilmoq
• make friends — do‘st orttirmoq
• make an impression — taassurot qoldirmoq
• make a mess — tartibsizlik qilmoq
• make a change — o‘zgartirish kiritmoq
• make room — joy bo‘shatmoq
• make time — vaqt ajratmoq
• make sure — ishonch hosil qilmoq
• make sense — mantiqli bo‘lmoq
• make the bed — to‘shakni yig‘ishtirmoq
• make a wish — tilak tilamoq
• make notes — qayd qilmoq, konspekt yozmoq
• make peace — yarashmoq

Rasmlarda: to‘rtta make, to‘rtta do

Bir so‘z almashsa, ma’no ham o‘zgaradi

Ba’zan ikkala fe’l ham to‘g‘ri, lekin gap boshqa narsani aytadi:

Birinchi qator imtihonda ko‘p chalkashtiriladi: testni tuzuvchi make, yechuvchi do.

Qoidaga bo‘ysunmaydigan birikmalar

• make the bed — bu vazifa, lekin make. Tarixan “to‘shak tayyorlash” ma’nosidan qolgan.
• do business — natija (pul) bor, lekin do.
• do a favour — yaxshilik natijasi bor, baribir do.
• make an effort, make progress — hech narsa yasalmaydi, baribir make.

Ba’zi o‘zbekcha “qilmoq”lar inglizchada na make, na do: to‘y qilmoq → have a wedding, dam olish qilmoq → take a break, dush qilmoq → have/take a shower, rasm qilmoq (suratga olmoq) → take a photo, bazm qilmoq → have/throw a party. Bunday fe’llar bilan birikmalar collocations sahifasida jamlangan.

“Xato qildim” → I did a mistake: 12 ta tuzoq

Oxirgi to‘rt qator ko‘rsatadiki, “qilmoq”ni avtomatik ravishda make yoki do deb tarjima qilish ham xato. Boshqa tez-tez uchraydigan xatolarni o‘zbeklar qiladigan xatolar ro‘yxatida ko‘ring.

Dialog: IT Park’dagi taqdimotdan oldin

Dilnoza: Have you done the slides for tomorrow?

Sardor: Almost. I made a few changes last night, but I still need to do the last part.

Dilnoza: Good. I’ve made a list of questions they might ask. Can you do me a favour and read it?

Sardor: Sure. By the way, the client wants us to make a decision about the budget today.

Dilnoza: Then let’s make a phone call after lunch. I don’t want to make a promise we can’t keep.

Sardor: Agreed. And tomorrow, make sure you speak slowly. Last time you did really well, but you rushed at the end.

Dilnoza: True. I’ll do my best.

Dialogda 11 ta birikma bor. Har birini ovoz chiqarib o‘qing va qaysi guruhga kirishini ayting.

Mashq: make yoki do? (15 ta gap)

To‘g‘ri fe’lni kerakli shaklda qo‘ying.

1. Could you ______ me a favour and close the window?
2. I ______ three mistakes in my essay.
3. Grandma is ______ plov for the whole mahalla.
4. Have you ______ your homework yet?
5. We need to ______ a decision before Friday.
6. My sister ______ yoga twice a week.
7. Please don’t ______ a noise, the baby is sleeping.
8. He ______ a lot of money selling phones at Malika bozori.
9. I usually ______ the ironing on Sundays.
10. The new manager ______ a good impression on everyone.
11. Our teacher ______ a test for us, and we ______ it on Monday.
12. Your story doesn’t ______ sense.
13. Can you ______ the bed before you leave?
14. They want to ______ business with a company in Seoul.
15. Stop talking and ______ something useful!

Javoblar

1. do — do someone a favour istisno birikma.
2. made — xato natija sifatida qoladi.
3. making — ovqat tayyorlanyapti, natija bor.
4. done — uy vazifasi — vazifa.
5. make — qaror natija.
6. does — faoliyat, sport turi.
7. make — tovush natija sifatida paydo bo‘ladi.
8. made / makes — pul topiladi.
9. do — uy ishi, the bilan.
10. made — make an impression sobit birikma.
11. made … did — test tuzuvchi make, yechuvchi do.
12. make — make sense sobit birikma.
13. make — make the bed istisno.
14. do — do business istisno.
15. do — ish noaniq (something), shuning uchun do.

12 tadan ko‘p to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, asosiy qoida sizda bor. Xato qilgan birikmalaringizni yozib oling va ertaga har biri bilan o‘zingiz haqida bitta gap tuzing. Keyingi qadam sifatida make bilan phrasal verb’larni (make up, make out) make, set, break sahifasida o‘rganing.

Make va do birikmalarini gapirib mustahkamlash

Jadvaldan o‘qib olish oson, gapirayotganda to‘g‘ri fe’lni tanlash qiyinroq. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan kuningiz, uy ishlari va rejalaringiz haqida ovozli suhbat qilasiz: “What did you do yesterday?”, “Have you made any plans?” kabi savollarga javob berganda birikmalar o‘z-o‘zidan kerak bo‘ladi. AI xato birikmani ko‘rsatib, to‘g‘ri variantni taklif qiladi; bu o‘rganish uchun yordam, rasmiy baho emas.

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling