Uchta fe’l, bitta mantiq: zarracha voqea qanday rivojlanganini ko‘rsatadi. Break down — mashina buzilib qolishi, break up — sevgililar ajrashishi, break into — o‘g‘ri uyga bostirib kirishi. Set up — biznes yoki qurilmani yo‘lga qo‘yish, set off — yo‘lga chiqish. Make up — bahona to‘qib chiqarish yoki yarashish, make out — zo‘rg‘a ajratib ko‘rish yoki eshitish. Bu sahifada 21 ta birikma: o‘zbekcha ma’no, misol, uslub va olmosh tartibi bilan.
Bugunoq ishlatish uchun: The lift broke down. We set off at six. He made up an excuse.
Olmosh tartibi: qaysilari ajraladi
- Ajraladi (olmosh o‘rtada): break it down, break it up, set it up, set it off (signal), make it up, make it out.
- Ajralmaydi: break into it, make up for it, make off with it, break up with him.
- To‘ldiruvchisiz: The car broke down. A fire broke out. We set off.
Break: buzilish, ajralish, bostirib kirish
| Phrasal verb | Ma’no | Misol | Uslub · tartib |
|---|---|---|---|
| break down (mashina) | buzilib qolmoq | The lift broke down again, so we walked up to the ninth floor. | neytral · to‘ldiruvchisiz |
| break down (odam) | o‘zini tutolmay yig‘lab yubormoq | She broke down in tears when she read the scholarship letter. | neytral · to‘ldiruvchisiz |
| break down (vazifa) | qismlarga bo‘lmoq | Let’s break the essay down into three smaller steps. | neytral · ajraladi: break it down |
| break up (with) | (sevgilisi bilan) ajrashmoq | Kamron broke up with his girlfriend after two years. | norasmiy · break up with + odam |
| break up (janjal) | (mushtlashuvni) ajratib qo‘ymoq | The teacher broke up a fight in the corridor. | neytral · ajraladi: break it up |
| break into | (o‘g‘irlik uchun) bostirib kirmoq | Someone broke into my neighbour’s car and took the radio. | neytral · ajralmaydi: break into it |
| break in | (gapni) bo‘lmoq | Sorry to break in, but the taxi is here. | muloyim, neytral · to‘ldiruvchisiz |
| break out | (yong‘in, urush, kasallik) boshlanib ketmoq | A fire broke out in the market late at night. | neytral · to‘ldiruvchisiz |
Kichik qurilmalar uchun break down kam ishlatiladi: telefon yoki kolonka haqida It stopped working yoki It broke deyiladi. Break down — mashina, lift, kir yuvish mashinasi kabi katta mexanizmlar uchun.
Set: boshlash, yo‘lga chiqish, bayon qilish
| Phrasal verb | Ma’no | Misol | Uslub · tartib |
|---|---|---|---|
| set up (biznes) | ochmoq, tashkil qilmoq | My cousin set up an online shop selling Rishton ceramics. | neytral · ajraladi: set it up |
| set up (qurilma) | o‘rnatmoq, sozlamoq | Can you help me set up the new Wi-Fi router? | neytral · ajraladi: set it up |
| set off (safar) | yo‘lga chiqmoq | We set off before sunrise to avoid traffic on the Kamchik pass. | neytral · to‘ldiruvchisiz |
| set off (signal) | ishga tushirib yubormoq | My belt buckle set off the metal detector at the airport. | neytral · ajraladi: set it off |
| set out to | maqsad qilib kirishmoq | She set out to learn a thousand English words in a year. | neytral · set out to + fe’l |
| set out (hujjatda) | bayon qilmoq | The rental contract sets out all the rules for tenants. | rasmiy · ajraladi |
| set back | (pul) qimmatga tushmoq; orqaga surmoq | The new phone set me back five million so‘m. | norasmiy · set me back + summa |
Make: to‘qish, yarashish, zo‘rg‘a ko‘rish
| Phrasal verb | Ma’no | Misol | Uslub · tartib |
|---|---|---|---|
| make up (to‘qimoq) | o‘ylab, to‘qib chiqarmoq | He made up an excuse about a traffic jam. | neytral · ajraladi: make it up |
| make up (tashkil etmoq) | tashkil qilmoq | Girls make up more than half of our group. | neytral/rasmiy · odatda ot oxirida |
| make up (with) | yarashmoq | After the argument, the brothers made up over a plate of plov. | norasmiy · make up with + odam |
| make up for | o‘rnini to‘ldirmoq | I missed your birthday, so let me make up for it with dinner. | neytral · ajralmaydi: make up for it |
| make out | zo‘rg‘a ko‘rmoq, eshitmoq, tushunmoq | I couldn’t make out the announcement on the train. | neytral · ajraladi: make it out |
| make off with | o‘g‘irlab qochmoq | The thief made off with two phones from the stall. | norasmiy · ajralmaydi |
Make up for something — narsaning o‘rnini to‘ldirish, make it up to someone — odamning ko‘nglini olish: Sorry I was late. I’ll make it up to you.
Bitta zarracha, uch xil fe’l
| Zarracha | Break bilan | Set bilan | Make bilan |
|---|---|---|---|
| up | bir butun bo‘laklarga (ajrashish) | yo‘q narsa paydo bo‘ladi (ochish) | yo‘q narsani yaratish (to‘qish) |
| out | to‘satdan boshlanadi (yong‘in) | yo‘lga yoki ishga kirishish | qorong‘ulikdan ajratib olish |
| off | — | harakat yoki signal ishga tushadi | narsa bilan uzoqlashish (make off) |
| down | qulash, parchalanish | — | — |
| in / into | ichkariga kuch bilan | — | — |
Up ning ikki qarama-qarshi yo‘nalishiga e’tibor bering: break up — butun narsa parchalanadi, set up va make up — yangi narsa yig‘iladi. Shuning uchun zarracha qoidasini faqat taxmin sifatida ishlating, misolni esa yodlang.
Break, set va make bilan tarjima tuzoqlari
| Xato gap | To‘g‘ri gap | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| Thieves broke our house. | Thieves broke into our house. | Into tushib qolmasin |
| My phone broke down. | My phone stopped working. | Break down katta mexanizmlar uchun |
| We broke up at the metro and went home. | We said goodbye at the metro. | “Ajrashdik” — xayrlashdik ma’nosida break up emas |
| We set up at 5 a.m. for Fergana. | We set off at 5 a.m. for Fergana. | Yo‘lga chiqish — set off |
| She set up to become a pilot. | She set out to become a pilot. | Maqsad — set out to |
| I’ll make up for you. | I’ll make it up to you. | Odam uchun make it up to |
| Let’s break it on parts. | Let’s break it down into parts. | Ruscha “разбить на части” kalkasi |
Umuman make bilan do ni adashtirish haqida make va do farqi sahifasida 80 ta birikma bor.
Dialog: ishxonaga kechikkan hamkasb
Otabek: Why are you so late? Did your car break down again?
Dilshod: Worse. Someone broke into it last night and made off with my laptop bag.
Otabek: No way! Didn’t they set off the alarm?
Dilshod: They did, but by the time I got downstairs, they were gone. I couldn’t even make out their faces on the camera.
Otabek: Terrible. So what now?
Dilshod: I set off for the police station at seven, and now I’m setting up a new laptop. It’ll set me back a lot.
Otabek: Let me buy you lunch. It won’t make up for the laptop, but it’s something.
Dialogda to‘qqizta birikma bor. Qaysi set off “yo‘lga chiqish”, qaysi biri “signalni ishga tushirish” ekanini toping.
Mashq: break, set va make bilan 15 ta gap
1–10: bo‘sh joyga birikmani to‘g‘ri shaklda qo‘ying. 11–15: xatoni tuzating.
- Our washing machine ______ in the middle of the cycle. (buzilib qoldi)
- A small fire ______ in the kitchen, but we put it out quickly. (boshlanib ketdi)
- My friends ______ a small English club in our mahalla. (tashkil qilishdi)
- We need to ______ early. It’s a long drive to Nurota. (yo‘lga chiqmoq)
- I don’t believe him. I think he ______ the whole story. (to‘qib chiqardi)
- It was dark, and I couldn’t ______ the house numbers. (ajratib ko‘rmoq)
- The two neighbours argued for a week, but they finally ______. (yarashishdi)
- Burglars ______ the shop through the back window. (bostirib kirishdi)
- This big task looks scary. Let’s ______ it ______ into small parts. (qismlarga bo‘lmoq)
- The course fee ______ me ______ three million so‘m. (qimmatga tushdi)
- My headphones broke down yesterday.
- They set up at dawn and reached Khiva by evening.
- He worked all weekend to make up the lost time.
- Someone broke my car and stole the seat covers.
- She set up to learn Korean in one year.
Javoblar
- broke down — katta mexanizm buzildi.
- broke out — yong‘in to‘satdan boshlandi.
- set up — klub ochishdi; set it up shaklida ham bo‘ladi.
- set off — safarga chiqish.
- made up — hikoyani to‘qidi.
- make out — qorong‘ida zo‘rg‘a ko‘rish.
- made up — yarashishdi; kim bilan — made up with each other.
- broke into — into shart.
- break … down — olmosh it o‘rtada.
- set … back — summa oxirida: set me back three million.
- My headphones stopped working / broke — kichik narsa uchun break down emas.
- They set off at dawn — yo‘lga chiqish.
- make up for the lost time — o‘rnini to‘ldirish make up for.
- Someone broke into my car — into tushib qolgan.
- She set out to learn Korean — maqsad set out to.
Shu turkumning boshqa qismlari
Turkumning oldingi qismi — give bilan phrasal verblar; boshlanishi — take bilan phrasal verblar. Break up va make up munosabatlar hikoyasida munosabatlar haqida phrasal verblar sahifasida, set up esa ish vaziyatlarida ish uchun phrasal verblar sahifasida berilgan.
Break, set, make birikmalarini Bandi bilan hikoyada ishlatish
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan “omadsiz kun” hikoyasini aytib bering: nima buzildi, qachon yo‘lga chiqdingiz, qanday bahona to‘qidingiz. Bunday hikoya break down, set off va make up ni birga talab qiladi. Ilova talaffuz va grammatika bo‘yicha fikr bildiradi; bu rasmiy baho emas, lekin into yoki for ni tushirib qoldirgan joylaringizni ko‘rsatadi.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
