Borrow — vaqtincha olmoq: narsa sizga keladi (borrow something from someone). Lend — vaqtincha bermoq: narsa sizdan ketadi (lend someone something). Bitta voqeani ikki tomondan aytish mumkin: I borrowed Aziz’s bike = Aziz lent me his bike.
So‘rov qilganda ham shu: Can I borrow your pen? (men olaman) yoki Could you lend me your pen? (siz berasiz). Can you borrow me…? degan shakl yo‘q.
Kim oladi, kim beradi: jadval
| Borrow | Lend | Rent | Hire | Owe | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yo‘nalish | sizga keladi | sizdan ketadi | pul to‘lab foydalanasiz | pul to‘lab qisqa muddat olasiz | qarzdorsiz |
| Tuzilma | borrow + narsa + from + kishi | lend + kishi + narsa; lend + narsa + to + kishi | rent + narsa (+ from); rent out = ijaraga bermoq | hire + narsa; hire + ishchi | owe + kishi + summa |
| Pul to‘lanadimi | odatda yo‘q (bank bundan mustasno) | odatda yo‘q | ha, muntazam | ha, bir martalik | — |
| O‘zbekcha | qarz olmoq, olib turmoq | qarz bermoq, berib turmoq | ijaraga olmoq | kira qilmoq, yollamoq | qarzdor bo‘lmoq |
| Ruscha | занять у, одолжить у | одолжить кому, дать взаймы | снимать, арендовать | брать напрокат, нанимать | быть должным |
| V2 / V3 | borrowed | lent / lent | rented | hired | owed |
Rus tilida o‘qiganlar uchun tuzoq: одолжить ikkala yo‘nalishga ishlatiladi (одолжить у друга va одолжить другу). Ingliz tilida esa yo‘nalish fe’lning o‘zida: olsangiz borrow, bersangiz lend. O‘zbekcha “qarz” so‘zi ham ikki tomonga qaraydi, lekin “olmoq/bermoq” fe’li yo‘nalishni aytib turadi; shu fe’lga tayanib tanlang.
Borrow: iboralar va misollar
- borrow money from the bank — bankdan qarz olmoq
- borrow a book from the library — kutubxonadan kitob olmoq
- Can I borrow…? — … olib tursam maylimi?
- Could I borrow… for a minute? — bir daqiqaga olib tursam bo‘ladimi?
- borrow a word — boshqa tildan so‘z o‘zlashtirmoq (Uzbek borrowed “kompyuter” through Russian.)
- living on borrowed time — kutilganidan uzoq turibdi, lekin tez orada tugashi mumkin (This old car is living on borrowed time.)
Kamola borrowed her aunt’s atlas dress for the wedding. You can borrow up to five books from the university library.
Lend: iboralar va misollar
- lend someone money — kimgadir qarz bermoq
- lend something to someone — kimgadir biror narsani berib turmoq
- Could you lend me…? — … berib tura olasizmi?
- lend a hand — qo‘l cho‘zmoq, yordam bermoq
- lend an ear — tinglamoq, dardini eshitmoq
- lend itself to — biror narsaga qulay bo‘lmoq (rasmiy)
My neighbour lent me his ladder to fix the lamp. The bank lent the family enough money to build a second floor.
Rent, hire, loan va owe
- rent — uy, kvartira, ofis, mashinani muntazam to‘lov bilan olmoq: We rent a two-room flat in Yunusobod. Egasi rents it out: My uncle rents out his flat to students. Ot sifatida rent — ijara haqi: The rent is due on the first of the month.
- hire (Britaniya) — qisqa muddatga pul to‘lab olmoq: hire a car, hire a bike, hire a suit for a wedding. Amerikada bu ma’noda rent deyiladi. Ikkinchi ma’nosi — ishga olmoq: The café hired two new waiters.
- loan — asosan ot: bank krediti, qarz. take out a loan, a student loan, pay back a loan. Amerika ingliz tilida fe’l sifatida lend o‘rnida ham keladi.
- owe — qarzdor bo‘lmoq: I owe you 50,000 so‘m. How much do I owe you? (kafe, taksida: qancha to‘layman?)
- pay back / give back — qarzni qaytarmoq / narsani qaytarib bermoq.
Kvartira ijarasi haqida to‘liq so‘zlar va e’lon matnlari kvartira ijarasi sahifasida bor.
Rasmlarda: qarz, ijara va kundalik narsalar
Yo‘nalish almashsa, ma’no teskari bo‘ladi
| Birinchi gap | Ikkinchi gap |
|---|---|
| Dilshod borrowed 200,000 so‘m from me. — Dilshod mendan qarz oldi. | Dilshod lent me 200,000 so‘m. — Dilshod menga qarz berdi. |
| We rented a flat in Sergeli. — Biz ijaraga oldik. | We rented out our flat in Sergeli. — Biz ijaraga berdik. |
| The school hired a bus for the trip. — Avtobus yolladi. | The school hired a new driver. — Yangi haydovchini ishga oldi. |
| I owe my brother money. — Men akamdan qarzdorman. | My brother owes me money. — Akam mendan qarzdor. |
| Can I use your laptop? — Shu yerda foydalansam bo‘ladimi? | Can I borrow your laptop? — Olib ketib, keyin qaytarsam bo‘ladimi? |
Oxirgi qator muhim: borrow narsani olib ketib, keyin qaytarishni bildiradi. Hojatxona, wi-fi yoki telefonni shu yerning o‘zida ishlatsangiz, use deysiz.
“Qarz berib turing” → borrow me: 10 ta tipik xato
| Xato | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|
| Can you borrow me your charger? | Could you lend me your charger? / Can I borrow your charger? |
| I lent this book from the library. | I borrowed this book from the library. |
| She borrowed me 100 dollars. | She lent me 100 dollars. |
| Can I borrow your toilet? | Can I use your toilet? |
| I borrowed from him money. | I borrowed money from him. |
| Lend to me your notes, please. | Lend me your notes, please. / Lend your notes to me. |
| I took a credit from the bank. | I took out a loan from the bank. |
| We hired a flat for a year. | We rented a flat for a year. |
| He never gives back the money he takes. | He never pays back the money he borrows. |
| Give me your pen. | Could I borrow your pen for a second? |
Oxirgi qator grammatik xato emas, lekin notanish odamga juda keskin eshitiladi. O‘zbekchadagi “berib turing-chi” iliqligini inglizchada Could I borrow…? beradi. Ruscha “взял кредит” ta’siridagi credit so‘zi esa ingliz tilida boshqa ma’noda (kredit reytingi, ball), bank qarzi — loan. Bank so‘zlari to‘liq ro‘yxati pul va bank so‘zlari sahifasida.
Dialog: yotoqxonada
Bekzod: Hey, Sherzod, can I borrow your frying pan? I want to make eggs.
Sherzod: Sure, but wash it after, please. Last time Timur borrowed it and gave it back dirty.
Bekzod: I promise. Also… could you lend me 30,000 so‘m until Friday? My stipend is late.
Sherzod: No problem. You already owe me 20,000, so that’s 50,000 in total.
Bekzod: Right, I’ll pay you back on Friday. My dad says we should rent a flat next year instead of living here.
Sherzod: Good idea. My cousin rents out a room near the Minor metro station. I can ask him.
Bekzod: That would be great. You always lend a hand, thanks!
Dialogdagi har bir qalin fe’l uchun o‘zingizga savol bering: narsa kimdan kimga ketyapti?
Mashq: borrow, lend, rent, hire yoki owe? (15 ta gap)
To‘g‘ri fe’lni kerakli shaklda yozing.
- Can I ______ your umbrella? It’s raining heavily.
- Could you ______ me your notes from yesterday’s lecture?
- My parents ______ a small flat to a young couple.
- How much do I ______ you for the taxi?
- We ______ a car for three days and drove to Samarkand.
- The bank ______ them money to open a bakery.
- I ______ this dictionary from the library last week.
- Excuse me, can I ______ your phone? Mine is dead.
- Students usually ______ rooms near the university.
- She ______ 500,000 so‘m from her sister and paid it back a month later.
- The restaurant is going to ______ more staff for the summer.
- Don’t ______ money to people you don’t know.
- Thank you for your help. I ______ you one!
- Could you ______ me a hand with these boxes?
- Our English teacher ______ us her own books for the course.
Javoblar
- borrow — men olaman, Can I borrow…?
- lend — siz berasiz, lend me.
- rent out / rented out — egasi ijaraga beradi.
- owe — How much do I owe you? = qancha to‘layman.
- hired / rented — qisqa muddatli ijara; Britaniyada hired, Amerikada rented.
- lent — bank beradi.
- borrowed — kutubxonadan olindi: from.
- use ham, borrow ham bo‘ladi — telefonni shu yerda ishlatsangiz use aniqroq.
- rent — uzoq muddat, pulli.
- borrowed — opasidan oldi: from her sister.
- hire — ishga olmoq.
- lend — siz berasiz.
- owe — I owe you one = sizdan qarzdorman, yaxshiligingizni qaytaraman.
- lend — lend a hand.
- lent — o‘qituvchi berib turdi.
8-savol ko‘rsatadiki, ba’zan ikkala javob ham to‘g‘ri, faqat ma’no nozik farq qiladi. Keyingi juftlik ham yo‘nalishga bog‘liq: bring va take farqi.
Qarz so‘rash va berishni suhbatda mashq qilish
Qarz so‘rash — muloyimlik talab qiladigan vaziyat: Could I borrow…?, Would you mind lending me…?, I’ll give it back tomorrow. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan rolli o‘yinda qo‘shningizdan narsa so‘raysiz yoki do‘stingizga qarz bermay, muloyim rad javobini aytasiz. AI qaysi joyda borrow va lend o‘rnini almashtirganingizni ko‘rsatadi; bu mashq uchun fikr, rasmiy baho emas.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
