Dasturlashda ishlatiladigan ko‘p so‘zlar o‘zbek tiliga tarjima qilinmaydi: bug, deploy, merge jamoada inglizcha aytiladi. Shuning uchun ularning aniq ma’nosini, qaysi fe’l bilan kelishini (fix a bug, run tests) va to‘g‘ri talaffuzini bilish kerak. Quyida 80 ta atama sakkiz guruhda: har birida qisqa o‘zbekcha izoh va ishda aytiladigan misol gap bor.
Jira, code review va hujjat o‘qish kabi ish jarayoni so‘zlari IT uchun ingliz tili sahifasida alohida berilgan.
1. Asosiy tushunchalar
| Atama | Izoh | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| variable | o‘zgaruvchi, qiymat saqlaydigan nom | Declare the variable before the loop. |
| constant | o‘zgarmas qiymat | Put the tax rate in a constant. |
| function | ma’lum ishni bajaradigan kod bloki | This function returns the user’s age. |
| parameter | funksiya qabul qiladigan nom | The function takes two parameters. |
| argument | funksiyaga beriladigan qiymat | You passed the wrong argument. |
| return value | funksiya qaytaradigan natija | Check the return value for null. |
| loop | takrorlanuvchi blok | The loop runs ten times. |
| condition | shart | The condition is always true. |
| expression | qiymat beradigan ifoda | This expression is too long to read. |
| scope | o‘zgaruvchi ko‘rinadigan soha | The variable is out of scope here. |
2. Ma’lumot turlari
| Atama | Izoh | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| data type | ma’lumot turi | What data type does the API expect? |
| string | matn qatori | Convert the number to a string. |
| integer | butun son | The ID is an integer. |
| float | kasr son | The temperature is stored as a float. |
| boolean | true yoki false | The flag is a boolean. |
| null | qiymat yo‘q | The field can be null. |
| array | tartiblangan ro‘yxat | The array is empty. |
| dictionary / map | kalit-qiymat juftliklari | Store the settings in a map. |
| key / value | kalit / qiymat | Each key must be unique. |
| index | ro‘yxatdagi o‘rin raqami | Arrays start at index zero. |
3. Kod tuzilishi va OOP
| Atama | Izoh | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| class | obyekt andozasi | Create a class for the order. |
| object / instance | klassdan yaratilgan nusxa | Each user is an instance of the User class. |
| method | klassga tegishli funksiya | Call the save method. |
| property / attribute | obyekt xususiyati | The email property is required. |
| inheritance | vorislik | Avoid deep inheritance. |
| interface | bajarilishi kerak bo‘lgan shartnoma | Both classes implement the same interface. |
| module | alohida kod fayli yoki qismi | Move this logic into a separate module. |
| library | tayyor kod to‘plami | We use a library for date formatting. |
| framework | ilova qurish uchun asos | The backend is built with a Python framework. |
| dependency | loyiha tayanadigan boshqa kod | Update the dependencies once a month. |
4. Xatolar va debugging
| Atama | Izoh | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| bug | koddagi xato | I found a bug in the search filter. |
| error | xatolik xabari | The error says “file not found”. |
| exception | ish vaqtidagi istisno holat | The parser throws an exception on empty input. |
| stack trace | xato qayerdan kelganini ko‘rsatuvchi ro‘yxat | Can you paste the full stack trace? |
| debug | xatoni izlab topish | I spent an hour debugging this. |
| breakpoint | kodni to‘xtatish nuqtasi | Set a breakpoint on line 40. |
| log | yozuv, jurnal | Check the logs on the server. |
| crash | dasturning to‘satdan to‘xtashi | The app crashes on startup. |
| edge case | kamdan-kam, chegaraviy holat | An empty cart is an edge case. |
| workaround | vaqtinchalik aylanma yechim | Restarting is only a workaround. |
5. Test qilish
| Atama | Izoh | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| unit test | bitta kichik qismni tekshiruvchi test | Add a unit test for this function. |
| integration test | qismlarning birgalikda ishlashini tekshiradi | The integration tests use a test database. |
| test case | bitta tekshiriladigan holat | I wrote five test cases. |
| assertion | kutilgan natijani tekshirish | The assertion failed on line 12. |
| mock | soxta, o‘rinbosar obyekt | Mock the payment service in tests. |
| test coverage | testlar qamrovi | Test coverage dropped after this change. |
| regression | avval ishlagan narsa buzilishi | This is a regression from the last release. |
| flaky test | goh o‘tadigan, goh yiqiladigan test | That flaky test failed again. |
| reproduce | xatoni qayta hosil qilish | I can’t reproduce it locally. |
| manual testing | qo‘lda tekshirish | We still need manual testing on iOS. |
6. Git va jamoaviy ish
| Atama | Izoh | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| repository (repo) | loyiha kodi ombori | The repo is private. |
| commit | saqlangan o‘zgarishlar to‘plami | Write a clear commit message. |
| branch | alohida ish tarmog‘i | Create a new branch for this feature. |
| merge | tarmoqlarni birlashtirish | I’ll merge it after the review. |
| pull request (PR) | birlashtirish so‘rovi | Please review my pull request. |
| merge conflict | bir joyda ikki xil o‘zgarish | There’s a merge conflict in the config. |
| code review | kodni hamkasb tekshirishi | Code review takes about a day. |
| refactor | ishini o‘zgartirmay, kodni yaxshilash | Let’s refactor this before adding features. |
| technical debt | keyinga qoldirilgan tuzatishlar yuki | Quick fixes add technical debt. |
| legacy code | eski, meros qolgan kod | Nobody wants to touch the legacy code. |
7. Deploy va infratuzilma
| Atama | Izoh | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| build | kodni ishga tayyor holga keltirish | The build failed on CI. |
| deploy | serverga chiqarish | We deploy every Thursday. |
| release | foydalanuvchilarga chiqariladigan versiya | The release is planned for Monday. |
| environment | ishlash muhiti | Which environment are you testing in? |
| staging | sinov serveri | It works on staging. |
| production | real foydalanuvchilar serveri | Never test in production. |
| rollback | oldingi versiyaga qaytarish | We did a rollback after the errors. |
| hotfix | shoshilinch tuzatish | We need a hotfix today. |
| container | ilova va uning muhiti paketi | Each service runs in its own container. |
| CI/CD | avtomatik build, test va deploy | CI/CD runs the tests on every push. |
8. Web, API va ma’lumotlar bazasi
| Atama | Izoh | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| API | dasturlar orasidagi aloqa interfeysi | The mobile app talks to our API. |
| endpoint | API’dagi aniq manzil | This endpoint returns all orders. |
| request / response | so‘rov / javob | The response is empty. |
| status code | javob holati raqami | The status code is 404. |
| authentication | kimligini tasdiqlash | Authentication uses tokens. |
| database | ma’lumotlar bazasi | The database is backed up every night. |
| query | bazaga so‘rov | This query is too slow. |
| cache | tez olish uchun vaqtincha saqlash | Clear the cache and try again. |
| latency | javob kelishidagi kechikish | Latency is higher in the evening. |
| frontend / backend | foydalanuvchi ko‘radigan / server qismi | The bug is in the backend, not the frontend. |
Fe’l birikmalari: qaysi fe’l bilan keladi
Tarjimada eng ko‘p xato fe’lda bo‘ladi. Bu birikmalarni butunligicha yodlang:
| To‘g‘ri | Noto‘g‘ri (tarjimadan) |
|---|---|
| fix a bug | repair a bug, correct a bug |
| throw / raise an exception | make an exception |
| run the tests | start the tests, do the tests |
| call a function | use a function (ma’nosi boshqacha) |
| deploy to production | put on production |
| push to a branch | send to a branch |
| open a pull request | make a pull request (ishlatiladi, lekin open tabiiyroq) |
Talaffuz: tez-tez noto‘g‘ri aytiladiganlar
| So‘z | To‘g‘ri aytilishi | Ko‘p uchraydigan xato |
|---|---|---|
| width | /wɪdθ/, oxiri th | "vidt" |
| null | /nʌl/, nal | "nul" |
| Linux | /ˈlɪnəks/, urg‘u birinchi bo‘g‘inda | "laynuks" |
| JSON | /ˈdʒeɪsən/, jeysn | "json" harfma-harf |
| GUI | /ˈɡuːi/, gui | "ge-u-i" |
| async | /ˈeɪsɪŋk/, eysink | "asink" |
| variable | /ˈveəriəbl/, urg‘u birinchi bo‘g‘inda | "va-ri-A-bl" |
| value | /ˈvæljuː/, V bilan | "wælyu" (W bilan) |
| route | /ruːt/ (UK), /raʊt/ ham (US) | ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri |
Width va value: o‘zbek tilida W va V tovushlari farqlanmaydi, lekin inglizchada W lablarni yumaloqlab, tishlarsiz aytiladi, V esa pastki lab tishga tegib aytiladi.
Dialog: junior va senior
Nodira stajyor, Timur esa jamoadagi senior dasturchi.
A: Timur, have you got a minute? My tests are failing and I don’t understand why.
B: Sure. Which tests?
A: The unit tests for the discount function. The assertion fails when the cart is empty.
B: So it’s an edge case. What does the function return for an empty cart?
A: It returns null, but the test expects zero.
B: Then the question is which behaviour we want. What do the acceptance criteria say?
A: They say the total should be zero.
B: Then fix the function, not the test. And add a test case for a cart with one item too.
A: OK. Should I open a new pull request or push to the same branch?
B: Push to the same branch, and I’ll review it after lunch.
Yozma namuna: texnik bo‘lmagan rahbarga xabar
Atamalarni bilish — yarim ish. Ularni texnik bo‘lmagan odamga oddiy so‘z bilan tushuntirish ham kerak:
Hi Malika, a quick update on this morning’s problem. After yesterday’s release, some customers couldn’t log in. We found the cause, a small error in the new login code, and moved the app back to the previous version at 10:15. Everyone can log in now. We’ll fix the error properly and release it again tomorrow after testing. No customer data was affected.
Bu xabarda rollback va hotfix so‘zlari ishlatilmadi: o‘rniga moved the app back to the previous version deyildi. Tinglovchiga qarab so‘z tanlang.
Mashq: atamani izohi bilan moslang
Atamalar: 1. deploy, 2. regression, 3. workaround, 4. edge case, 5. latency, 6. refactor, 7. dependency, 8. flaky test, 9. scope, 10. hotfix.
- a) kodni ishini o‘zgartirmay yaxshilash
- b) shoshilinch tuzatish
- c) goh o‘tadigan, goh yiqiladigan test
- d) javob kelishidagi kechikish
- e) serverga chiqarish
- f) avval ishlagan narsa yangi versiyada buzilishi
- g) o‘zgaruvchi ko‘rinadigan soha
- h) vaqtinchalik aylanma yechim
- i) loyiha tayanadigan boshqa kod
- j) kamdan-kam uchraydigan chegaraviy holat
Javoblar
1 — e; 2 — f; 3 — h; 4 — j; 5 — d; 6 — a; 7 — i; 8 — c; 9 — g; 10 — b.
Keyingi qadam va BandMate
Har kuni bitta guruhdan o‘nta so‘zni oling va har biri bilan o‘z loyihangiz haqida bitta gap tuzing. Keyin shu so‘zlarni kundalik uchrashuvda ishlating: IT standup English sahifasida tayyor namunalar bor. Umumiy ofis so‘zlari uchun work vocabulary sahifasini ko‘ring.
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan loyihangizni inglizcha tushuntirib bering: u "What does this function do?" yoki "How do you test it?" kabi savollar beradi va width, value kabi so‘zlarning talaffuzi bo‘yicha fikr bildiradi.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
