Ingliz tilidagi eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan so‘zlar — the, be, to, of, and, a, in, that, have, I — deyarli har bir gapda uchraydi. Ular “oson” ko‘rinadi, lekin o‘zbek o‘rganuvchilari aynan shu so‘zlarda eng ko‘p xato qiladi: artikl, he/she, do bilan savol, make/do. Quyida 100 ta so‘z vazifasi bo‘yicha 8 guruhga ajratilgan, har biriga o‘zbekcha ma’no va qisqa misol gap berilgan.
Ro‘yxat yozma va og‘zaki matnlar korpusiga asoslangan keng tarqalgan chastota ro‘yxatlariga tayanadi. Aniq tartib manbaga qarab biroz farq qiladi, lekin eng muhim so‘zlar deyarli bir xil. So‘zlarni alohida yodlamang: misol gapni ovoz chiqarib o‘qing va o‘zingiz haqingizda yangi gap tuzing.
1. Olmoshlar (18 ta)
O‘zbekchada bitta u bor, inglizchada esa he (erkak), she (ayol), it (narsa, hayvon). Bu eng ko‘p uchraydigan xato.
| So‘z | Ma’nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| I | men | I live in Tashkent. |
| you | sen, siz | Are you busy? |
| he | u (erkak) | He works in a bank. |
| she | u (ayol) | She is my sister. |
| it | u (narsa) | It is cold today. |
| we | biz | We are late. |
| they | ular | They play football. |
| me | meni, menga | Call me tomorrow. |
| him | uni, unga (erkak) | I know him. |
| her | uni (ayol); uning | I saw her. Her car is red. |
| us | bizni, bizga | Join us. |
| them | ularni | I like them. |
| my | mening | My phone is old. |
| your | sening, sizning | Is this your bag? |
| his | uning (erkak) | His name is Bekzod. |
| its | uning (narsa) | The cat hurt its leg. |
| our | bizning | Our flat is small. |
| their | ularning | Their son is five. |
2. Artikl va aniqlovchilar (11 ta)
| So‘z | Ma’nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| the | aniq artikl (o‘sha) | Close the door. |
| a | bitta, qandaydir | I have a car. |
| an | a unli tovush oldidan | She ate an apple. |
| this | bu (yaqin) | This tea is hot. |
| that | u, o‘sha; -ki | That man is my boss. I know that you’re right. |
| these | bular | These shoes are new. |
| some | biroz, ba’zi | I need some water. |
| any | hech qanday (savol/inkor) | Do you have any questions? |
| all | hamma, barcha | All my friends came. |
| other | boshqa | Where are the other books? |
| no | yo‘q, hech | I have no time. |
A/an/the qachon kerakligi bo‘yicha to‘liq qoidalar a, an va the sahifasida.
3. Predloglar (15 ta)
| So‘z | Ma’nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| to | -ga, tomon | I go to work by metro. |
| of | -ning | a cup of tea |
| in | ichida, -da | He is in the kitchen. |
| on | ustida; kunlarda | The keys are on the table. |
| at | -da (nuqta, soat) | See you at 6. |
| for | uchun; davomida | This is for you. |
| with | bilan | I live with my parents. |
| by | tomonidan; bilan (transport) | I came by taxi. |
| from | -dan | I’m from Andijan. |
| about | haqida; taxminan | Tell me about your job. |
| into | ichiga | Get into the car. |
| over | ustidan; ortiq | The plane flew over the city. |
| up | yuqoriga | Stand up, please. |
| out | tashqariga | Let’s go out tonight. |
| after | keyin | Call me after lunch. |
In, on, at farqi uchun in, on, at predloglari sahifasini ko‘ring.
4. Bog‘lovchi va savol so‘zlari (13 ta)
| So‘z | Ma’nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| and | va | Bread and butter, please. |
| but | lekin | It’s cheap but good. |
| or | yoki | Tea or coffee? |
| if | agar | If it rains, I’ll stay home. |
| because | chunki | I’m tired because I worked late. |
| as | sifatida; -dek | She works as a nurse. |
| than | -dan (qiyoslash) | He is taller than me. |
| so | shuning uchun; juda | I was hungry, so I ate. |
| when | qachon; -ganda | When does the shop open? |
| what | nima | What is your name? |
| who | kim | Who is that? |
| which | qaysi | Which bus goes to Chorsu? |
| how | qanday | How are you? |
5. Eng kerakli fe’llar (22 ta)
| So‘z | Ma’nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| be | bo‘lmoq (am/is/are) | I am a student. |
| have | ega bo‘lmoq | I have two brothers. |
| do | qilmoq; savol yordamchisi | Do you speak English? |
| say | aytmoq | She said “hello”. |
| get | olmoq; bo‘lib qolmoq | I got a message. It’s getting dark. |
| go | bormoq | We go to the bazaar on Sundays. |
| make | yasamoq, tayyorlamoq | I’ll make some tea. |
| know | bilmoq | I don’t know the answer. |
| take | olmoq (olib ketmoq) | Take an umbrella. |
| see | ko‘rmoq | I can see the mountains. |
| come | kelmoq | Come here, please. |
| think | o‘ylamoq | I think it’s a good idea. |
| look | qaramoq | Look at this photo. |
| want | xohlamoq | I want a new job. |
| give | bermoq | Give me a minute. |
| use | ishlatmoq | Can I use your phone? |
| work | ishlamoq; ish | I work from home. |
| like | yoqtirmoq; kabi | I like plov. It looks like rain. |
| will | -adi (kelasi zamon) | I will call you later. |
| would | -ardi; muloyim so‘rov | Would you like some tea? |
| can | qila olmoq | I can swim. |
| could | qila olardi; iltimos | Could you help me? |
6. Otlar, raqamlar va tartib (8 ta)
| So‘z | Ma’nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| time | vaqt; marta | I don’t have time. |
| people | odamlar | Many people live here. |
| year | yil | I started last year. |
| day | kun | Have a nice day! |
| way | yo‘l; usul | Is this the way to the metro? |
| one | bir | I have one question. |
| two | ikki | Two coffees, please. |
| first | birinchi | This is my first time here. |
7. Ravish va sifatlar (13 ta)
| So‘z | Ma’nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| not | emas, -ma | I’m not ready. |
| just | faqat; hozirgina | I just arrived. |
| now | hozir | I’m busy now. |
| then | keyin; o‘shanda | First eat, then go. |
| also | ham | She also speaks Russian. |
| only | faqat | I only have 10,000 so‘m. |
| well | yaxshi (ravish) | You speak English well. |
| even | hatto | Even my grandma uses Telegram. |
| back | orqaga, qaytib | I’ll be back soon. |
| there | u yerda; there is | There is a pharmacy near here. |
| good | yaxshi (sifat) | It’s a good film. |
| new | yangi | I bought a new phone. |
| most | eng ko‘p; aksariyat | Most students have phones. |
Jami: 18 + 11 + 15 + 13 + 22 + 8 + 13 = 100.
O‘zbek va rus tilida so‘zlashuvchilar shu so‘zlarda qiladigan xatolar
| Xato | Nima uchun | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|---|
| My sister, he is a doctor. | O‘zbekcha “u” ikki jinsga | My sister is a doctor. She… |
| I have car. | Artikl yo‘q | I have a car. |
| You speak English? | Savolda do tushib qoladi | Do you speak English? |
| People is friendly. | “Odamlar” ko‘plik ekanini unutish | People are friendly. |
| I make my homework. | Ruscha “делать” | I do my homework. |
| She said me. | Say va tell aralashadi | She told me. / She said to me. |
| He is more tall then me. | Than/then chalkashligi | He is taller than me. |
| Its raining. | Its va it’s | It’s raining. (it is) |
| I am agree. | Ruscha “я согласен” | I agree. |
| You speak good. | Sifat va ravish | You speak well. |
Mashq: ro‘yxatdagi so‘z bilan to‘ldiring
- My mother is a teacher. ______ works at School 110.
- Is there ______ bank near here?
- ______ you like tea or coffee?
- I’m tired ______ I didn’t sleep.
- The metro is faster ______ the bus.
- ______ bus goes to the airport?
- Please ______ me your phone number.
- She speaks English very ______.
- I have ______ questions about the test.
- We live ______ the third floor.
Javoblar: 1 — She; 2 — a; 3 — Would (yoki Do); 4 — because; 5 — than; 6 — Which; 7 — give (yoki tell — tell me your number ham tabiiy); 8 — well; 9 — some (yoki two); 10 — on.
Bu so‘zlarni qanday faollashtirish
- Har kuni bitta guruhni oling va har so‘z bilan o‘zingiz haqingizda bitta gap ayting: I live in Chilonzor. My brother works in Seoul.
- Gapni telefoningizga yozib oling va tinglang: he/she, a/the, do joyida bormi?
- Ertasiga o‘sha gaplarni ro‘yxatga qaramay qayta ayting. Unutganlaringizni takrorlash kartasiga yozing — bu usul spaced repetition sahifasida batafsil.
Bu 100 so‘zdan keyin keyingi bosqich — mavzu bo‘yicha so‘zlar. Buning uchun 500 ta so‘zni faol nutqqa o‘tkazish rejasi mos keladi.
BandMate bilan mashq
BandMate darslarida asosiy so‘zlar gap ichida takrorlanadi, Bandi bilan ovozli suhbatda esa ularni o‘zingiz ishlatib ko‘rasiz; ilova talaffuz bo‘yicha fikr beradi. Ilova so‘zlarni siz uchun yodlab bermaydi: har kungi bir necha daqiqalik ovoz chiqarib gapirish baribir sizning ishingiz.
