Kundalik ingliz tilida o‘n bitta asosiy rang bor: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, pink, brown, black, white va grey. Rang sifat bo‘lgani uchun otdan oldin keladi (a red car) va “colour” so‘zini qo‘shish shart emas. Quyida har bir rang talaffuzi va misoli bilan, soyalarni aytish usullari, sifatlar tartibi va yo‘qolgan buyumni tasvirlash dialogi bor.
Asosiy 11 rang
| Inglizcha | Talaffuz | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| red | /red/ | qizil | She’s wearing a red dress. |
| orange | /ˈɒrɪndʒ/, “orinj” | to‘q sariq, apelsin rang | The leaves turn orange in October. |
| yellow | /ˈjeləʊ/, “yelou” | sariq | Yellow carrots are often used in plov. |
| green | /ɡriːn/, “griin” | yashil | I drink green tea every morning. |
| blue | /bluː/ | ko‘k, moviy | The domes in Samarkand are bright blue. |
| purple | /ˈpɜːpl/ | binafsha | Purple is my favourite colour. |
| pink | /pɪŋk/ | pushti | My little sister has a pink backpack. |
| brown | /braʊn/, “braun” | jigarrang | He has brown eyes. |
| black | /blæk/ | qora | I need a black suit for the interview. |
| white | /waɪt/, “uayt” | oq | The walls in my room are white. |
| grey (UK) / gray (US) | /ɡreɪ/ | kulrang | It’s a grey, rainy day in Tashkent. |
Colour britancha, color amerikacha yozilish; grey va gray ham shunday. Ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri, faqat bitta matnda bittasini tanlang.
Talaffuzda uchta joyga e’tibor bering. Orange ikki bo‘g‘in: “o-rinj”, “o-ranj” emas. White va what boshidagi tovush lablarni dumaloq qilib aytiladigan /w/, o‘zbekcha “v” emas; bu farq W va V talaffuzi haqidagi sahifada batafsil mashq qilingan. Purple so‘zidagi birinchi unli /ɜː/ o‘zbek tilida yo‘q: lablarni cho‘zmasdan, og‘izni yarim ochib “yo” va “e” oralig‘idagi tovushni ayting.
“Ko‘k” tuzog‘i: blue yoki green?
O‘zbek tilida “ko‘k” ba’zan yashilni ham bildiradi: ko‘k choy, ko‘kat, ko‘klam. Ingliz tilida esa bu ranglar qat’iy ajratiladi:
- ko‘k choy — green tea
- ko‘kat — herbs yoki greens
- ko‘m-ko‘k dala — a green field
- ko‘k osmon, ko‘k jinsi — a blue sky, blue jeans
Rus tili boshqa tomondan chalkashtiradi: “синий” va “голубой” ruschada ikki alohida rang, inglizchada ikkalasi ham blue. Farqni aytish kerak bo‘lsa, dark blue yoki navy (to‘q ko‘k) va light blue yoki sky blue (havorang) deysiz.
So‘zma-so‘z tarjima qilinmaydigan boshqa birikmalar ham bor:
| O‘zbekcha | Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|---|
| sariq soch | yellow hair | blond yoki fair hair |
| qora choy | — | black tea (bu to‘g‘ri tarjima) |
| qora non | black bread | rye bread yoki brown bread |
| oq-qora surat | white-black photo | a black and white photo |
| qizarib ketdi | became red | turned red yoki went red |
| sochi oqardi | hair became white | his hair went grey |
Soyalar: light, dark, pale, bright va -ish
Rangning och-to‘qligini aytish uchun yangi so‘z yodlash shart emas, rang oldiga bitta sifat qo‘shasiz:
- light — och: a light green shirt
- dark — to‘q: dark brown hair
- pale — xira, och: a pale pink wall. Odam haqida You look pale — “rangingiz oqarib ketibdi” degani.
- bright — yorqin: a bright yellow raincoat
- deep — quyuq: deep red roses
- -ish — “-g‘ish, -roq”: reddish (qizg‘ish), greenish, bluish, greyish. Aniq rangni bilmasangiz: It’s sort of greyish blue.
Ikki rangli buyum uchun and ishlatiladi: a blue and white plate (Rishton laganiga o‘xshagan), a black and white cat.
Qo‘shimcha 12 rang nomi
| Inglizcha | Talaffuz | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| navy | /ˈneɪvi/ | to‘q ko‘k | Our school uniform was navy and white. |
| sky blue | /ˌskaɪ ˈbluː/ | havorang | The baby’s room is sky blue. |
| turquoise | /ˈtɜːkwɔɪz/ | feruza rang | The tiles on the old madrasa are turquoise. |
| beige | /beɪʒ/, “beyj” | bej, och jigarrang | I’m looking for a beige coat. |
| cream | /kriːm/ | krem rang, sutli oq | The sofa is cream. |
| maroon | /məˈruːn/ | to‘q qizil-jigarrang | He wore a maroon tie. |
| burgundy | /ˈbɜːɡəndi/ | to‘q qizil, vino rang | The seats are burgundy. |
| gold | /ɡəʊld/ | tilla rang | The invitation has gold letters. |
| silver | /ˈsɪlvə/ | kumush rang | My laptop is silver. |
| olive | /ˈɒlɪv/ | zaytun rang | He bought an olive green jacket. |
| lilac | /ˈlaɪlək/ | och binafsha | The curtains are lilac. |
| khaki | /ˈkɑːki/ | xaki | He was wearing khaki trousers. |
Beige oxiridagi /ʒ/ “jurnal” so‘zidagi yumshoq “j”ga o‘xshaydi, “bej” yoki “biij” emas. Maroon so‘zida urg‘u ikkinchi bo‘g‘inda: ma-ROON.
Rang gapda qanday ishlatiladi
- Otdan oldin: a red car, green apples. Rang ko‘plik qo‘shimchasini olmaydi: red cars, reds cars emas.
- be fe’lidan keyin: The car is red.
- Savolda: What colour is it? Javob: It’s dark blue. “It is dark blue colour” deyilmaydi.
- Ot sifatida: Red is my favourite colour. Tanlashda: I’ll take the blue one, bu yerda one tushib qolmaydi.
- Kiyim bilan in: the man in the black jacket (qora kurtkadagi odam), She was dressed in white.
- O‘zgarish fe’llari bilan: turn red, go grey, paint the door white.
O‘zbekcha “qizil rangli mashina” va ruscha “машина красного цвета” ta’sirida a red colour car yoki a car of red colour deyish ko‘p uchraydi. Ingliz tilida qisqasi to‘g‘ri: a red car. Artikl haqida ikkilansangiz, a, an, the qoidalari sahifasiga qarang.
Sifatlar tartibi: “a small blue ceramic bowl”
Rang ko‘pincha o‘lcham, material yoki kelib chiqish bilan birga keladi. Ingliz tilida bunday sifatlarning odatiy tartibi bor. Tartib buzilsa, grammatik xato bo‘lmasa ham, quloqqa g‘alati eshitiladi:
| Tartib | Turi | Misollar |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | fikr, baho | beautiful, nice, cheap |
| 2 | o‘lcham | big, small, long |
| 3 | yosh, eskilik | old, new |
| 4 | shakl | round, square |
| 5 | rang | red, dark green |
| 6 | kelib chiqish | Uzbek, Italian |
| 7 | material | silk, leather, wooden |
| 8 | maqsad | running (shoes), sleeping (bag) |
Tayyor misollar: a beautiful red silk scarf, a long black leather jacket, a small round wooden table, new white running shoes, an old blue and white Rishtan plate.
Jonli nutqda otdan oldin odatda ikki-uch sifatdan ko‘p qo‘yilmaydi. Qolgan detal with orqali qo‘shiladi: a black leather bag with a gold zip.
Buyumni tasvirlash: rang, naqsh, material, detal
Yo‘qolgan sumkani, do‘kondagi kiyimni yoki bozordagi matoni tasvirlash uchun shu to‘rt qism yetadi.
Naqsh: plain (bir xil rangli), striped (yo‘l-yo‘l), checked (katak), spotted yoki polka-dot (xol-xol), floral (gulli), patterned (naqshli).
Material: cotton (paxta), silk (ipak), wool (jun), leather (charm), plastic, metal, wooden (yog‘och), canvas (qalin mato).
Mahalliy misol, xorijlik mehmonga tushuntirish uchun: Khan atlas is a bright silk fabric with a traditional ikat pattern. Adras is similar, but it’s made of silk and cotton.
Mehmonxona qabulxonasida yo‘qolgan ryukzakni so‘rash:
Receptionist: Good evening. How can I help?
Siz: Hi. I think I left my backpack in the breakfast room this morning.
Receptionist: OK. What does it look like?
Siz: It’s a small dark green backpack. It’s made of canvas, with brown leather straps.
Receptionist: Is there anything on it? A logo or a keyring?
Siz: Yes, there’s a little blue and white keyring shaped like a plate.
Receptionist: And what’s inside?
Siz: A grey laptop charger, a notebook with a red cover and a black pencil case.
Receptionist: Let me check. Is this it?
Siz: No, mine is darker, and it doesn’t have a front pocket.
Receptionist: What about this one?
Siz: Yes, that’s it! Thank you so much.
Asosiy savol What does it look like? — “qanday ko‘rinishda?”. Ruscha “как выглядит” ta’sirida How does it look like? deyiladi, bu xato: yo What does it look like?, yo How does it look? (ikkinchisi “chiroyli ko‘rinyaptimi?” ma’nosida).
Rang bilan bog‘liq 6 ta ibora
- feel blue — g‘amgin bo‘lmoq: I’ve been feeling a bit blue this week.
- once in a blue moon — juda kamdan-kam: I go to the cinema once in a blue moon.
- green with envy — havas yoki hasaddan ichi kuymoq: She was green with envy when she saw my new phone.
- red tape — ortiqcha qog‘ozbozlik: There’s too much red tape at the tax office.
- in black and white — yozma ravishda: I want the agreement in black and white.
- a white lie — ko‘ngil uchun aytilgan kichik yolg‘on: I told a white lie and said I loved the gift.
O‘zbek o‘quvchilari ko‘p qiladigan xatolar
| Xato | Nima uchun | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|---|
| a car red | O‘zbekcha tartibni teskari tushunish | a red car |
| It is blue colour. | “ko‘k rangda” so‘zma-so‘z | It’s blue. |
| How does it look like? | Ruscha “как выглядит” | What does it look like? |
| blue tea | “ko‘k choy” | green tea |
| yellow hair | “sariq soch” | blond hair |
| a leather black jacket | Sifatlar tartibi | a black leather jacket |
| reds apples | Sifatga ko‘plik qo‘shish | red apples |
| orange “o-ranj” | Harf bo‘yicha o‘qish | /ˈɒrɪndʒ/, “orinj” |
Mashq: tartib va tarjima
A. Sifatlarni to‘g‘ri tartibda yozing.
- bag / leather / brown / a / big
- scarf / silk / red / beautiful / a
- shoes / running / white / new
- table / wooden / round / small / a
- dress / cotton / blue / long / a
B. Ingliz tiliga tarjima qiling.
- 6. Ko‘k choy ichasizmi?
- 7. Uning sochi sariq, ko‘zlari havorang.
- 8. Qora kurtkadagi yigit mening akam.
- 9. Sumkangiz qanday rangda?
- 10. Bu qizg‘ish jigarrang.
Javoblar: 1 — a big brown leather bag; 2 — a beautiful red silk scarf; 3 — new white running shoes; 4 — a small round wooden table; 5 — a long blue cotton dress; 6 — Would you like some green tea?; 7 — She has blond hair and light blue eyes; 8 — The guy in the black jacket is my older brother; 9 — What colour is your bag?; 10 — It’s reddish brown.
Keyingi qadam: xonangizdagi beshta buyumni tanlang va har birini bitta gapda rang, material va detal bilan tasvirlang. IELTS Speaking’da “describe an object” turidagi kartochkalar aynan shu ko‘nikmani talab qiladi, namunalarini buyum haqidagi cue card sahifasida ko‘rasiz.
BandMate bilan mashq
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan ovozli suhbatda buyumni tasvirlashni mashq qilishingiz mumkin: masalan, yo‘qolgan sumkani tasvirlaysiz, Bandi esa aniqlashtiruvchi savollar beradi. Ilova orange, white, purple kabi so‘zlar talaffuzi bo‘yicha fikr bildiradi, darslarda esa ranglar va sifatlar takrorlanadi. Bu jonli do‘kon yoki qabulxonadagi suhbatning o‘rnini to‘liq bosmaydi, lekin kerakli so‘zni tez topishga o‘rgatadi.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
