Gapirganda so‘z topolmaslik ingliz tilida ham, ona tilida ham bo‘ladi. Farqi — nima qilishingizda. To‘xtab qolmang va o‘zbekchaga o‘tmang. Uch qadamni bajaring: vaqt yutuvchi ibora ayting (Let me think…), keyin so‘zni aylanib tushuntiring (It’s something you use to…), kerak bo‘lsa yordam so‘rang (What’s the word for…?). Suhbatdoshingiz fikringizni tushunadi, siz esa gapni davom ettirasiz. Bu ko‘nikma — so‘zni tasvirlab berish, inglizcha circumlocution — mashq bilan tez o‘rganiladi.
Nega bu mashq qilinadigan ko‘nikma
Til o‘rganishda bu va shunga o‘xshash yo‘llar “muloqot strategiyalari” deb ataladi. Zoltán Dörnyei (1995) ularni sinfda ataylab o‘rgatish mumkinligini ko‘rsatgan. So‘zni tasvirlab berish esa eng foydali strategiyalardan biri: u lug‘atdagi bo‘shliqni gap bilan yopadi.
Yana bir sabab: tayyor ibora aytayotganda miya so‘z qidirishda davom etadi. 2–3 soniya yutasiz va ko‘pincha so‘z o‘zi esga tushadi.
So‘zni aylanib tushuntirish: 8 qolip
| Qolip | Qachon | Misol (qidirilgan so‘z) |
|---|---|---|
| It’s a kind of… | Turini aytish | It’s a kind of big spoon with holes. (skimmer — kafgir) |
| It’s something you use to… | Vazifasi | It’s something you use to take osh out of the qozon. (skimmer) |
| It’s made of… / It looks like… | Material, shakl | It looks like a small bag, it’s made of leather, you keep money in it. (wallet) |
| It’s a person who… | Kasb, odam | It’s a person who fixes water pipes in your flat. (plumber — santexnik) |
| It’s a place where… | Joy | It’s a place where you can get documents and passports, a government office. (public service centre) |
| It’s what you do when… | Fe’l, harakat | It’s what you do when you put your clothes in water for a long time before washing. (soak — ivitmoq) |
| It’s how you feel when… | His-tuyg‘u | It’s how you feel when you say something stupid in front of everyone. (embarrassed) |
| It’s similar to…, but… / It’s the opposite of… | Taqqoslash | It’s similar to a cake, but flat and thin. (pancake — quymoq); It’s the opposite of generous. (mean — xasis) |
Qoida: umumiydan xususiyga. Avval turini ayting (a kitchen tool), keyin vazifasini (for taking rice out), oxirida bitta farqlovchi belgini (with holes). Uch bo‘lakdan keyin suhbatdosh odatda so‘zni o‘zi aytadi.
Namuna dialog: bozorda “kafgir” topilmadi
A: Excuse me, I’m looking for a… hmm, how can I put it… a kitchen tool.
B: Sure. What kind of tool?
A: It’s a kind of big spoon, but flat and round, with lots of small holes in it. You use it to take osh out of the qozon.
B: Oh, a skimmer! Yes, they’re over there, next to the pots.
A: A skimmer. Great, thanks! I didn’t know the word.
Dialogda uchala qadam bor: vaqt yutish (hmm, how can I put it), turini aytish (a kitchen tool), vazifa va shakl (you use it to…, with holes). Oxirida yangi so‘zni takrorlash — A skimmer — uni xotirada mustahkamlaydi.
Xato va to‘g‘ri variant yonma-yon:
| Qoqilish | Yaxshiroq |
|---|---|
| I need… eee… qanday deyiladi… kafgir. | I need the… what’s it called… the big spoon with holes you use for osh. |
| My brother is… eee… santexnik. | My brother fixes water pipes and bathrooms — I don’t know the English word. |
| I was very… stesnyatsya. | I felt… you know, when your face goes red because everyone is looking at you. |
Vaqt yutuvchi 20 ibora
O‘ylash uchun vaqt (5):
| Ibora | Ma’nosi |
|---|---|
| Let me think for a second. | Bir soniya o‘ylab olay. |
| That’s a good question. | Yaxshi savol (javobni o‘ylash uchun). |
| How can I put it? | Qanday aytsam ekan? |
| Let me see… | Qani, bir ko‘ray-chi… |
| Give me a moment. | Bir daqiqa. |
So‘z qidirish (5):
| Ibora | Ma’nosi |
|---|---|
| What’s the word…? | So‘zi nima edi…? |
| It’s on the tip of my tongue. | Tilimning uchida turibdi. |
| I can’t remember the exact word, but… | Aniq so‘z esimda yo‘q, lekin… |
| It’s something like… | Shunga o‘xshash narsa… |
| I don’t know the English word, but… | Inglizchasini bilmayman, lekin… |
Yordam so‘rash (5):
| Ibora | Ma’nosi |
|---|---|
| What do you call…? | … ni nima deysiz? |
| How do you say “…” in English? | “…” inglizcha qanday bo‘ladi? |
| Is there a word for…? | … uchun so‘z bormi? |
| Do you know what I mean? | Nima demoqchiligimni tushundingizmi? |
| Sorry, what’s it called when…? | Kechirasiz, … bo‘lganda nima deyiladi? |
Qayta ifodalash (5):
| Ibora | Ma’nosi |
|---|---|
| What I mean is… | Demoqchi bo‘lganim… |
| In other words,… | Boshqacha aytganda,… |
| Let me put it another way. | Boshqacha tushuntiray. |
| I mean,… | Ya’ni,… |
| …or rather,… | …aniqrog‘i,… |
Bitta iborani ketma-ket ishlatmang: har guruhdan ikkitasini tanlab, o‘zingizniki qiling. Eee, mmm kabi bo‘sh tovushlardan farqi — bu iboralar tinglovchiga “fikr davom etyapti” degan signal beradi. Bo‘sh tovushlarni sanash va kamaytirish usuli filler words sahifasida.
Imtihonda: IELTS Speaking’da imtihonchi sizga so‘z aytib bermaydi, shuning uchun “yordam so‘rash” guruhidan ko‘ra tasvirlash va qayta ifodalash foydaliroq. So‘zni boshqa so‘z bilan almashtirish yo‘llari IELTS Speaking paraphrasing sahifasida.
So‘z topilmaganda qilinadigan to‘rtta xato
- Uzoq jimlik. 5 soniyadan uzoq jim qolsangiz, suhbatdosh gapni o‘zi davom ettiradi va fikringiz yo‘qoladi.
- O‘zbekcha yoki ruscha so‘z qo‘shish. Suhbatdosh bu tillarni bilmasa, gap to‘xtaydi. Tasvirlash doim ishlaydi.
- Qayta-qayta uzr so‘rash. Sorry, sorry, my English is bad — vaqt ketadi, ishonch tushadi. Bitta I don’t know the English word, but… yetadi.
- Fikrdan voz kechish. It doesn’t matter deb mavzuni tashlash. Aslida sodda so‘zlar bilan aytish mumkin edi.
Agar so‘z topilmasligi qo‘rquvga aylangan bo‘lsa va gapirishdan qochayotgan bo‘lsangiz, gapirishdan qo‘rqish sahifasidagi bosqichli rejadan boshlang.
5 daqiqalik mashq: nomini aytmasdan tasvirlang
Har kuni 5 ta rasm yoki so‘z, har biriga 1 daqiqa:
- 10 soniya — rasmni ko‘rib, qaysi qolipdan boshlashni tanlang.
- 40 soniya — so‘zning o‘zini aytmasdan tasvirlang. Kamida uchta qolip ishlating.
- 10 soniya — telefonga yozib olgan bo‘lsangiz, eshitib ko‘ring: tasvirni eshitgan odam so‘zni topa oladimi?
Kunlar bo‘yicha qiyinlashtiring: 1–2-kun buyumlar, 3–4-kun kasb va joylar, 5-kun his-tuyg‘u va harakatlar. Bugun shu 8 ta buyumdan boshlang:
Namuna javoblar
- Charger: It’s a small thing you plug into the wall. You use it when your phone battery is low. It has a cable.
- Iron: It’s a kind of electrical tool for clothes. It gets very hot, and you use it to make your shirt smooth before work.
- Teapot: It’s something you use in every Uzbek home. You put tea leaves and hot water in it, and then you pour the tea into cups.
- Umbrella: You open it when it’s raining and hold it over your head. In July, when it’s really hot, or rather, when the sun is very strong, some people use it too.
- Wallet: It’s made of leather, it’s small and flat, and you keep money and cards in it.
- Keys: You use them to open and lock a door. People usually keep them in a bag or pocket.
- Glasses: People wear them on their face when they can’t see well. They have two round pieces of glass.
- Headphones: You put them on your head to listen to music without other people hearing it.
Umbrella javobiga e’tibor bering: or rather bilan fikrni aniqlashtirish ham tabiiy. Muhimi — gap to‘xtamadi.
Tasvirlashni jonli suhbatda sinash
Tasvirlash mashqini tinglovchi bilan qilish yaxshiroq: u sizni tushundimi yoki yo‘qmi, darhol bilasiz. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan o‘yin o‘ynang: so‘zni aytmasdan tasvirlang va u topsin, keyin rollarni almashing. Bandi talaffuz bo‘yicha ham izoh qoldiradi. O‘zbekchadan tarjima qilish odatini kamaytirish uchun esa tarjima qilmasdan gapirish sahifasidagi bo‘laklar bilan ishlang.
Bugun yuqoridagi 8 buyumdan 5 tasini tanlang va har birini 40 soniyada nomini aytmasdan tasvirlab, yozib oling.
Manbalar
- Dörnyei, Z. (1995). On the teachability of communication strategies. TESOL Quarterly, 29(1), 55–85.
