Ingliz tilida yozish uch bosqichda o‘sadi: avval bitta to‘g‘ri va aniq gap, keyin gaplarni bir-biriga bog‘lash, keyin bitta fikrni ochadigan paragraf. Har kuni 10–15 daqiqa yozing va har hafta bitta matningizni fikr (feedback) asosida qayta yozing: ko‘nikma aynan qayta yozishda o‘sadi, birinchi qoralamada emas.
Bu sahifa ko‘nikmani qanday rivojlantirish haqida. Maktab topshirig‘i uchun tayyor matn va namunalar kerak bo‘lsa, ingliz tilida matn yozish: reja va 3 namuna sahifasiga o‘ting.
Yaxshi yozuvning to‘rt qatlami
Matningizni tekshirganda hamma narsaga birdaniga qaramang. Har safar bitta qatlamni tanlang.
| Qatlam | Nimani bildiradi | Qanday tekshirasiz |
|---|---|---|
| Gap | Ega va fe’l bor, zamon to‘g‘ri, a/an/the joyida | Har gapning egasi va fe’lini qalam bilan belgilang |
| Bog‘lanish | Gaplar orasida mantiq bor: sabab, natija, qarama-qarshilik | Gaplar orasiga because, so, but qo‘yib ko‘ring: ma’no chiqadimi? |
| Paragraf | Bitta asosiy fikr, uni tushuntiruvchi tafsilotlar | Paragrafni bitta gap bilan qayta ayta olasizmi? |
| O‘quvchi | Kimga yozyapsiz: do‘stga, o‘qituvchiga, ish beruvchiga | Ohang mosmi: Hi Anvar yoki Dear Mr Karimov? |
Boshlovchilar ko‘pincha to‘rtinchi qatlamdan boshlaydi: chiroyli so‘z va "rasmiy" iboralar qidiradi. Aslida birinchi ikki qatlam mustahkam bo‘lmasa, chiroyli so‘z matnni saqlab qolmaydi.
1-bosqich: bitta gapni kengaytirish
O‘zbek tilida fe’l gap oxirida keladi, ko‘p hollarda "bo‘lmoq" fe’li aytilmaydi va artikl yo‘q. Shuning uchun birinchi xatolar gap ichida chiqadi: I every day work, My brother student, In Tashkent has metro. Eng foydali boshlang‘ich mashq — gap kengaytirish. Qisqa gap oling va unga savollar bilan qism qo‘shing: Qayerda? Qachondan beri? Nima uchun? Kim bilan?
- 1. I work.
- 2. I work in a bank. (Qayerda?)
- 3. I work in a small bank in Chilonzor. (Qanday bank, qaysi tumanda?)
- 4. I have worked in a small bank in Chilonzor since 2023. (Qachondan beri? — zamon o‘zgaradi)
- 5. I have worked in a small bank in Chilonzor since 2023 because I wanted a job near my home. (Nima uchun?)
Har qadamda so‘z tartibi bir xil qoladi: ega + fe’l + qolgan qism. Joy va vaqt oxirida keladi. Kuniga 3 ta gapni shu tarzda besh qadamgacha kengaytirsangiz, bir haftada zamon va so‘z tartibi bo‘yicha ko‘zga ko‘rinadigan o‘zgarish sezasiz.
2-bosqich: qisqa gaplarni birlashtirish
A2 darajadagi matnlar odatda "zina" kabi eshitiladi: It was cold. I stayed at home. I read a book. Keyingi qadam — sentence combining, ya’ni ikki-uch qisqa gapni bitta mantiqli gapga aylantirish.
| Qisqa gaplar | Birlashtirilgan gap | Nima ishlatildi |
|---|---|---|
| My sister is a doctor. She works in Samarkand. | My sister is a doctor in Samarkand. | Takrorni olib tashlash |
| It was raining. We went to Chorsu Bazaar. | Although it was raining, we went to Chorsu Bazaar. | although — qarama-qarshilik |
| I finished work. I called my mother. | When I finished work, I called my mother. | when — vaqt |
| The bus was late. I missed the first lesson. | The bus was late, so I missed the first lesson. | so — natija |
| I have a friend. He lives in Namangan. He is a programmer. | I have a friend in Namangan who works as a programmer. | who — aniqlovchi gap |
Bitta qoida: bir gapga uchtadan ko‘p fikr sig‘dirmang. Uzun gap o‘z-o‘zidan yaxshi gap emas. O‘zbekcha yozuvda vergul bilan ulangan uzun gaplar odatiy, inglizchada esa I like it, it is interesting, I do it every day kabi gap xato hisoblanadi (bunday gaplar comma splice deyiladi).
3-bosqich: paragraf va qayta yozish
Paragraf — bitta fikr atrofidagi 4–7 gap: mavzu gapi, tafsilot yoki misol, yakun. Qanday qurilishini ko‘rish uchun B1 darajadagi o‘quvchining birinchi qoralamasi va qayta yozilgan variantini solishtiring.
Birinchi qoralama:
I want to talk about metro. Tashkent metro is very good. It is cheap. It is fast. Stations is beautiful. But sometimes many people. I use it every day.
Fikr (5 ta izoh):
- 1. "I want to talk about…" — mavzu gapi emas, e’lon. Birdan fikrni ayting.
- 2. To‘rtta qisqa gap ketma-ket: birlashtiring.
- 3. Stations is → stations are; many people oldidan there are kerak.
- 4. "Fast" deysiz, lekin dalil yo‘q: raqam yoki misol qo‘shing.
- 5. Yakun faqat fakt: fikringizga qaytib keling.
Qayta yozilgan variant:
The Tashkent metro is the easiest way for me to get to work. It is cheap and fast: my journey from Yunusobod to the city centre takes about twenty minutes, while by bus it can take an hour. Some of the older stations are really beautiful, especially Kosmonavtlar with its blue walls. The only problem is the rush hour, when the carriages are so crowded that it is hard to stand. Still, I use the metro every day and would not change it for a car.
Qoralamada 32 so‘z bor edi, qayta yozilganida 90 ga yaqin. Lekin asosiy farq hajmda emas: har gapning vazifasi bor, "fast" so‘zi dalil bilan mustahkamlangan, The only problem is… va Still,… matnga muvozanat beradi. Siz shu ishni haftada bir marta qilsangiz, bir oyda to‘rtta "oldin–keyin" jufti yig‘iladi va o‘sish ko‘zingiz bilan ko‘rinadi.
Kunlik yozish: 4 haftalik jadval
Har kungi 10–15 daqiqani shunday bo‘ling: 2 daqiqa inglizcha kalit so‘zlar bilan reja, 8–10 daqiqa to‘xtamasdan yozish, 3 daqiqa ovoz chiqarib o‘qib, tuzatish. Yozish paytida lug‘atga kirmang: bilmagan so‘z o‘rniga [?] qo‘yib davom eting, oxirida qidiring.
| Hafta | Har kuni (10–15 daqiqa) | Hafta oxirida (30 daqiqa) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kuningiz haqida 5 gap; har biri kamida 3 qadam kengaytiriladi | Hafta ichidagi eng yaxshi 5 gapni tanlab, xatolarini tuzatish |
| 2 | 6 ta qisqa gap yozib, ularni 3 ta gapga birlashtirish | Bitta 60–80 so‘zli paragraf |
| 3 | Har kuni bitta paragraf, turli vazifa: tasvir, tajriba, fikr | Ikki paragrafni fikr asosida qayta yozish |
| 4 | Ikki paragraf, 120–150 so‘z: fikr va uning misoli | Eng yaxshi matnni to‘liq qayta yozish va 1-hafta yozuvi bilan solishtirish |
Mavzu topish qiyin bo‘lsa, ingliz tilida kundalik yozish sahifasidagi 30 kunlik mavzulardan foydalaning.
Fikr olishning to‘rt yo‘li
Yozuv bilan ishlashning eng qiyin qismi — kim tekshiradi? Bir manbaga bog‘lanib qolmang.
| Manba | Nimaga yaxshi | Cheklovi |
|---|---|---|
| O‘zingiz | Ovoz chiqarib o‘qish noqulay joylarni ko‘rsatadi; bir kun kutib qayta o‘qish ko‘proq xato topadi | Bilmagan qoidadagi xatoni ko‘rmaysiz |
| Ustoz | Takrorlanadigan xatolaringizni tushuntiradi | Vaqt oladi, tez-tez emas |
| Sherik yoki do‘st | Ma’no tushunarlimi, shuni aytadi | Grammatikani ishonchli tekshira olmasligi mumkin |
| AI | Darhol javob, istalgan vaqtda | Xato izoh berishi va matningizni o‘z uslubiga o‘zgartirib yuborishi mumkin |
Ustozdan yoki AI’dan matnni to‘liq qayta yozib berishni emas, xatolarni kod bilan belgilashni so‘rang: G — grammatika, WO — so‘z tartibi, A — artikl, Sp — imlo, ? — ma’no tushunarsiz. Tuzatishni o‘zingiz qilasiz, shu bilan qoida xotirada qoladi. Har oy oxirida eng ko‘p takrorlangan uchta xatoni alohida yozing; bu jarayonni AI bilan xato tahlili sahifasidagi jurnal usuli bilan yuritish qulay.
Yozishda o‘sishni sekinlashtiradigan 5 odat
- O‘zbekcha yozib, keyin tarjima qilish. Natijada so‘z tartibi va iboralar o‘zbekcha qoladi. Rejani inglizcha kalit so‘zlar bilan tuzing, gapni to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri inglizcha quring.
- Har so‘z uchun lug‘atga kirish. Fikr uziladi. [?] belgisi bilan davom eting.
- Yozib, qayta ko‘rmaslik. Qoralamani tekshirmay topshirish — mashqning yarmini tashlab ketish demak.
- "Chiroyli" so‘z quvish. Nevertheless va furthermore bilan to‘lgan, lekin is/are xato bo‘lgan matn baribir zaif. Avval aniq, keyin boy.
- Faqat imtihon mavzulari. Xat, izoh, qisqa xabar, sharh — turli janr yozuvni moslashuvchan qiladi.
Mashq: gaplarni birlashtiring
Har bir juftlikni qavs ichidagi so‘z bilan bitta gapga aylantiring.
- 1. I was tired. I finished my homework. (although)
- 2. My father has a car. It is very old. (which)
- 3. I got my salary. I bought a new phone. (when)
- 4. The shop was closed. We went home. (so)
- 5. I like Samarkand. It has beautiful old buildings. (because)
- 6. My teacher is from Bukhara. She speaks three languages. (who)
Qo‘shimcha: quyidagi gaplardagi xatoni tuzating.
- 7. In our street has two shops.
- 8. She very happy today.
Javoblar
- 1. Although I was tired, I finished my homework.
- 2. My father has a very old car. (yoki: My father has a car which is very old.)
- 3. When I got my salary, I bought a new phone.
- 4. The shop was closed, so we went home.
- 5. I like Samarkand because it has beautiful old buildings.
- 6. My teacher, who is from Bukhara, speaks three languages.
- 7. There are two shops in our street. — "bor" ma’nosi there is/are bilan beriladi.
- 8. She is very happy today. — is tushib qolgan.
Yozganingizni ovoz bilan mustahkamlash
Yozish va gapirish bir-birini to‘ldiradi: yozishda gapni sekin qurasiz, gapirishda shu gapni tez ishlatasiz. BandMate ilovasida hafta davomida yozgan mavzuingiz haqida Bandi bilan gaplashib ko‘ring: u savol beradi, siz yozgan jumlalaringizni og‘zaki ishlatasiz va talaffuz bo‘yicha fikr olasiz. Bu yozma matningizni tekshirish emas, lekin yozgan so‘zlaringizni faol lug‘atga o‘tkazishga yordam beradi.
Keyingi qadam
Bugun 1-haftaning birinchi mashqini bajaring: kuningiz haqida 5 gap yozing va har birini kamida uch qadam kengaytiring. To‘rt haftadan keyin fikr bildiradigan uzunroq matnga o‘ting: essay yozish asoslari sahifasida tuzilma va tahlilli namuna bor, imtihonga tayyorlanayotgan bo‘lsangiz esa Multilevel Writing essay sahifasini ko‘ring.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
