Yaxshi inglizcha matn uch qismdan iborat: mavzuni aytuvchi birinchi gap, uni tushuntiruvchi 3–5 ta gap va xulosa gapi. Yozishdan oldin 5 daqiqa reja tuzing, yozgandan keyin 5 daqiqa tekshiring. O‘zbekcha gapni so‘zma-so‘z tarjima qilmang: inglizcha gapda tartib doim ega + fe’l + qolgan qism (I go to school by bus).
Quyida bu usul qadamma-qadam tushuntirilgan, keyin maktabda eng ko‘p beriladigan uch mavzuda namuna va tuzilish tahlili bor.
Maktabda "matn yozing" deganda nima kutiladi
5–9-sinflarda odatda shunday topshiriqlar beriladi: Write about your day (60–80 words), Write about your city, Write about your hobby. O‘qituvchi, qaysi baholash mezoni bo‘lishidan qat’i nazar, deyarli doim to‘rt narsaga qaraydi:
- topshiriq bajarildimi: mavzudan chiqib ketmadingizmi, so‘z soni yetarlimi;
- tuzilish: boshlanish, asosiy qism va oxiri bormi, gaplar bir-biriga bog‘langanmi;
- grammatika va so‘zlar: zamonlar, a/an/the, he/she bilan -s;
- imlo va tinish belgilari: bosh harf, nuqta, vergul.
Sizning maktabingizdagi aniq baholash tartibini o‘qituvchingizdan so‘rang. Lekin shu to‘rt narsani nazorat qilsangiz, har qanday mezonda yaxshi natija olasiz.
6 qadam: bo‘sh varaqdan tayyor matngacha
30 daqiqalik yozma ish uchun vaqtni shunday taqsimlang.
1-qadam. Topshiriqni o‘qing (1–2 daqiqa). Mavzu, so‘z soni va kimga yozayotganingizni aniqlang. "About your city" deyilgan bo‘lsa, butun O‘zbekiston haqida emas, bitta shahar haqida yozasiz.
2-qadam. Savollar bilan reja tuzing (5 daqiqa). Mavzuni o‘rtaga yozing va atrofiga Who? What? Where? When? Why? How? savollariga javob so‘zlarni yozing. Gap emas, faqat so‘zlar. Masalan, "My hobby" uchun: chess — since 10 — with grandfather — every evening — club at school — think, patient.
3-qadam. 3 ta asosiy fikr tanlang. Yozgan so‘zlaringizdan uchtasini tanlang: bular matnning uchta qismi bo‘ladi. Qolganini tashlab yuboring, hammasini sig‘dirishga urinmang.
4-qadam. Mavzu gapini yozing (topic sentence). Birinchi gap o‘quvchiga matn nima haqida ekanini aytadi: My favourite hobby is chess. Uzun kirish, "Hello, my name is…" bilan boshlash kerak emas, agar topshiriq buni so‘ramasa.
5-qadam. Har bir fikrni kengaytiring (15 daqiqa). Har bir asosiy fikrga ikki-uch gap qo‘shing: misol, sabab yoki his-tuyg‘u. I play every evening — bu fikr. I usually play with my grandfather after dinner, and he always wins — bu kengaytirilgan fikr.
6-qadam. Xulosa va tekshiruv (5 daqiqa). Oxirgi gap mavzuga qaytadi: For me, chess is more than a game. Keyin pastdagi ro‘yxat bo‘yicha tekshiring.
Paragraf qanday qurilgan: bitta misol
Quyidagi paragrafda har bir gapning vazifasi ko‘rsatilgan.
| Gap | Vazifasi |
|---|---|
| My favourite place in our town is the park near my school. | Mavzu gapi |
| It is not very big, but it has old trees and a small fountain. | 1-tafsilot: qanday joy |
| I often go there with my friends after lessons. | 2-tafsilot: qachon, kim bilan |
| We sit on a bench, talk and sometimes play football. | 3-tafsilot: nima qilamiz |
| That is why this park is special for me. | Xulosa gapi |
Bu 5 gapli, taxminan 60 so‘zli paragraf. Kichik sinflar uchun bitta shunday paragraf yetarli; 8–9-sinfda odatda 2–3 paragraf yoziladi.
Gaplarni bog‘lovchi so‘zlar
Bog‘lovchilarsiz matn ro‘yxatga o‘xshab qoladi: I get up. I have breakfast. I go to school. Mana eng kerakli 12 tasi:
| Vazifa | So‘zlar | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| Tartib | first, then, after that, finally | First, I have breakfast. Then I walk to school. |
| Qo‘shish | and, also, too | I also like basketball. |
| Qarama-qarshilik | but, however | It is a small town, but it is very green. |
| Sabab | because | I like chess because it makes me think. |
| Natija | so | It was raining, so we stayed at home. |
| Misol | for example | We have many parks, for example, Babur Park. |
However gap boshida keladi va undan keyin vergul qo‘yiladi: However, the weather is often hot. Bog‘lovchilarning to‘liq ro‘yxati va gapirishda qanday ishlatilishi bog‘liq nutq va linking so‘zlar sahifasida.
O‘zbek o‘quvchilarining eng ko‘p xatolari
| Xato | To‘g‘ri | Sabab |
|---|---|---|
| I every day school go. | I go to school every day. | O‘zbekchada fe’l oxirida; inglizchada egadan keyin. |
| My hobby is play chess. | My hobby is playing chess. | isdan keyin fe’l -ing oladi. |
| In our city has many parks. | There are many parks in our city. | "bor" = there is/are. |
| My city very beautiful. | My city is very beautiful. | is/are tushib qolmasin. |
| i live in namangan. | I live in Namangan. | I va shahar nomlari doim bosh harf bilan. |
| I like it, it is interesting, I play it every day. | I like it because it is interesting. I play it every day. | Vergul bilan gaplarni cheksiz ulamang. |
Namuna 1: My Day (A1, 5–6-sinf)
My name is Sevara, and I am twelve years old. On school days I get up at half past six. First, I wash my face and have breakfast with my family. We usually eat bread, eggs and drink tea. Then I walk to school with my brother. Lessons start at eight and finish at one. After lunch, I do my homework and help my mother. In the evening, I read a book or watch cartoons. I go to bed at ten. My day is busy, but I like it. (89 so‘z)
Tahlil. Matn vaqt tartibida qurilgan: ertalab → maktab → tushdan keyin → kechqurun. Bog‘lovchilar (First, Then, After lunch, In the evening) har bir qismni ochib beradi. Butun matn Present Simple’da, chunki bu har kungi odat. Oxirgi gap but bilan qisqa xulosa qiladi. Kun tartibi so‘zlari va Present Simple bo‘yicha dars formatidagi mashqlar ingliz tili 3-dars sahifasida.
Namuna 2: My City (A2, 7–8-sinf)
I live in Samarkand, one of the oldest cities in Central Asia. It is famous for its beautiful historic buildings. The most popular place is the Registan, a big square with three old madrasas. Every day there are a lot of tourists there, and they take photos of the blue domes.
Samarkand is also a modern city. There are new parks, shopping centres and cafés. My favourite place is Siyob Bazaar because you can buy fresh fruit, nuts and the famous Samarkand bread there.
However, the city has one problem: in summer it is very hot, and the streets are crowded. Still, I love my city, and I want to show it to my friends from other countries. (119 so‘z)
Tahlil. Uch paragraf, har birining o‘z vazifasi bor: 1) tarixiy shahar, 2) zamonaviy hayot va sevimli joy, 3) muammo va xulosa. There are va famous for iboralari tasvirlash uchun juda qulay. Uchinchi paragrafdagi However matnga muvozanat beradi: faqat maqtov emas, kichik tanqid ham bor. Boshqa shaharlar misolida to‘liq matnlar shahrim haqida inglizcha matn sahifasida.
Namuna 3: My Hobby (A2–B1, 8–9-sinf)
My favourite hobby is chess. I started playing when I was nine. My grandfather taught me the rules, and we still play together almost every evening after dinner. At first, I lost every game, but now I sometimes win.
Two years ago, I joined the chess club at our school. We practise twice a week, and last spring our team took second place in a district competition. I was very proud of my team.
I think chess is a useful hobby because it teaches you to be patient and to plan ahead. It also helps me at school, especially in maths. In the future, I am going to take part in bigger tournaments. (113 so‘z)
Tahlil. Bu matnda uch zamon ishlatilgan va har biri o‘z joyida: o‘tmish (I started, taught, joined), hozirgi odat (we practise, I sometimes win), kelajak (I am going to). Bu 8–9-sinf uchun kuchli belgi. Uchinchi paragraf faqat "yoqadi" deb emas, because bilan sabab keltiradi. Sport, musiqa va boshqa mashg‘ulotlar bo‘yicha namunalar sevimli mashg‘ulot haqida matn sahifasida.
Topshirishdan oldin: 8 bandlik tekshiruv
- Birinchi gap mavzuni aytadimi?
- Har bir gapda ega va fe’l bormi?
- He/she/it bilan fe’lga -s qo‘shildimi?
- Har bir gap bosh harf bilan boshlanib, nuqta bilan tugadimi?
- I, shahar va odam nomlari bosh harf bilanmi?
- Bir xil so‘z (very, good, like) uch martadan ko‘p takrorlanmadimi?
- Kamida 3 xil bog‘lovchi bormi?
- So‘z soni topshiriqqa mosmi?
Mashq
A. Gaplarni to‘g‘ri tartibda joylashtirib, paragraf tuzing.
a) Then we have lunch together.
b) I love Sundays because my whole family is at home.
c) In the morning, my father cooks plov.
d) That is why Sunday is my favourite day.
e) After lunch, we go for a walk in the park.
B. Xatolarni tuzating.
1. I every weekend football play.
2. My hobby is read books.
3. In my school has a big library.
4. she lives in tashkent.
5. My brother like music.
Javoblar
A. b – c – a – e – d. b mavzu gapi, c, a, e vaqt tartibidagi tafsilotlar, d xulosa (That is why).
B. 1. I play football every weekend. 2. My hobby is reading books. 3. There is a big library in my school. 4. She lives in Tashkent. 5. My brother likes music.
Keyingi qadam
Bugun shu uch mavzudan birini tanlang va 6 qadam bo‘yicha 80–100 so‘zli matn yozing. Yozib bo‘lgach, matnni ovoz chiqarib o‘qing: qulog‘ingizga g‘alati eshitilgan joyda odatda xato bor. Matn yozishni o‘zlashtirgach, fikr bildiradigan yozuvga o‘ting: maktab uchun esse namunalari sahifasida besh mavzuda tahlilli esselar bor.
BandMate ilovasida yozgan matningizni Bandi bilan gaplashib mustahkamlashingiz mumkin: u sizdan kuningiz, shahringiz yoki sevimli mashg‘ulotingiz haqida so‘raydi, siz esa ovoz bilan javob berasiz. Gapira olgan mavzuda yozish ancha oson bo‘ladi.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
