Esse oddiy matndan bitta narsa bilan farq qiladi: unda fikringizni aytib, uni isbotlaysiz. Maktab essesi odatda to‘rt qismdan iborat: kirish (mavzu va sizning fikringiz), ikkita asosiy paragraf (har birida bitta sabab va misol) va xulosa (fikrni boshqa so‘zlar bilan takrorlash). Quyida shu tuzilishdagi beshta namuna bor: ikkitasi A2, uchtasi B1 darajasida, har birining tahlili bilan.
Namunalar o‘quv maqsadida yozilgan. Ularni yodlab topshirmang: o‘qituvchilar tayyor matnni tez taniydi. Tuzilishni, iboralarni oling, fikrni o‘zingiz yozing.
Matn va esse: farqi nimada
| Matn (text) | Esse (essay) | |
|---|---|---|
| Maqsad | tasvirlash, hikoya qilish | fikr bildirish va isbotlash |
| Odatiy mavzu | My day, My city | Is sport important? Paper or e-books? |
| Asosiy so‘zlar | first, then, usually | I believe, because, for example, however |
| Xulosa | his-tuyg‘u yoki umumiy gap | fikrni qayta aytish |
Agar hali paragraf qurishda ishonchingiz bo‘lmasa, avval ingliz tilida matn yozish sahifasidagi 6 qadamni o‘zlashtiring. Esse o‘sha poydevor ustiga quriladi.
Esse andozasi: 4 qism va tayyor iboralar
| Qism | Nima yoziladi | Iboralar |
|---|---|---|
| Kirish (2–3 gap) | mavzuni tanishtirish + o‘z fikringiz (thesis) | Nowadays… / Many people think… / In my opinion… / I believe that… |
| 1-asosiy paragraf | birinchi sabab + misol | Firstly, … / For example, … / This means that… |
| 2-asosiy paragraf | ikkinchi sabab yoki qarshi fikr | Secondly, … / Another reason is… / On the other hand, … |
| Xulosa (2 gap) | fikrni boshqa so‘zlar bilan takrorlash | To sum up, … / In conclusion, … / That is why I think… |
So‘z soni topshiriqqa bog‘liq. Maktabda A2 darajasida ko‘pincha 80–120 so‘z, yuqori sinflarda va B1 darajasida 130–180 so‘z so‘raladi, lekin aniq talabni o‘qituvchingizdan yoki topshiriq shartidan oling. Andozaning har bir qismi batafsil essay yozish asoslari sahifasida tushuntirilgan.
1-esse. Sport (A2)
Topshiriq: Why is sport important for teenagers?
Nowadays many teenagers spend a lot of time at home with their phones. In my opinion, every teenager should do some sport.
Firstly, sport is good for our health. When we play football or swim, our body becomes stronger and we don’t get ill often. For example, my friend Ulug‘bek started running last year, and now he feels much better.
Secondly, sport helps us make friends. In a team, we play together, help each other and learn to win and lose. I play basketball at school, and my best friends are from my team.
To sum up, sport makes us healthy and happy. That is why I think all teenagers should find a sport they like. (116 so‘z)
Tahlil. Klassik 4 qismli esse. Fikr kirishning ikkinchi gapida aniq aytilgan (every teenager should do some sport). Har bir asosiy paragraf bitta sabab (Firstly, Secondly) va shaxsiy misoldan iborat. A2 uchun eng yaxshi usul: murakkab so‘zlar emas, aniq misollar.
2-esse. Smartfonlar (B1)
Topshiriq: Are smartphones good or bad for students?
Most students in Uzbekistan have a smartphone today. Some people believe that phones help us learn, while others think they are a waste of time. I believe smartphones can be useful, but only if we control them.
On the one hand, a smartphone is a powerful learning tool. Students can use dictionaries, watch lessons on YouTube and practise English with apps. For example, when I don’t understand a maths topic, I find a short video and watch it again and again.
On the other hand, phones can easily take all our free time. Many students check social media during homework and lose concentration. Some of them stay up late and feel tired at school the next day.
In conclusion, a smartphone is neither good nor bad by itself. If students set clear rules, for example no phone during homework, it becomes a helpful friend rather than a problem. (148 so‘z)
Tahlil. Bu "ikki tomonni muhokama qilish" turidagi esse. Kirishda ikkala qarash (Some people… while others…) va keyin muallif fikri beriladi. On the one hand / On the other hand juftligi paragraflarni aniq ajratadi. Xulosada oddiy takror emas, amaliy taklif bor: bu B1 darajasining belgisi.
3-esse. Kitoblar (B1)
Topshiriq: Paper books or e-books: which are better?
Today we can read books on paper or on a screen. Although e-books are becoming more popular, I prefer paper books for two reasons.
The first reason is that paper books are better for our eyes. After a long day with a phone and a computer, reading from a screen makes my eyes tired. With a paper book, I can read for an hour without any problem.
The second reason is the feeling of a real book. I like turning the pages and writing small notes in the margins. My grandfather has a big home library, and some of his books are older than my parents. A file on a phone cannot give this feeling.
Of course, e-books are cheaper and lighter, which is great for travelling. However, for me, nothing can replace a real book in my hands. (139 so‘z)
Tahlil. Kirishda Although bilan qarama-qarshi fikr tan olinadi va darhol o‘z tanlovingiz aytiladi (I prefer paper books for two reasons). Xulosada qarshi tomonning kuchli jihati (cheaper and lighter) qisqa tan olinadi, keyin However bilan o‘z fikringizga qaytiladi. Bu esseni bir tomonlama emas, adolatli ko‘rsatadi.
4-esse. Maktab formasi (A2–B1)
Topshiriq: Should students wear a school uniform?
In many schools in Uzbekistan, students wear a uniform. Some students don’t like it, but I think a school uniform is a good idea.
Firstly, a uniform makes all students equal. Nobody can show off expensive clothes, so poor and rich students look the same. Students pay attention to lessons, not to fashion.
Secondly, a uniform saves time and money. In the morning I don’t need to think about what to wear. My parents also buy fewer clothes, because I wear the same things every school day.
Some people say that a uniform stops students from showing their personality. This is partly true, but we can show our personality after school and at the weekend.
In conclusion, I believe the benefits of a school uniform are bigger than its problems. (130 so‘z)
Tahlil. Bu esseda beshinchi, qo‘shimcha paragraf bor: qarshi fikr va unga javob (Some people say… This is partly true, but…). Bunday "javob qaytarish" paragrafi oddiy esseni kuchliroq qiladi va o‘qituvchilar uni yuqori baholaydi. Grammatikasi sodda, shuning uchun 7–8-sinf uchun ham mos.
5-esse. Chet elda o‘qish (B1, universitetga tayyorlanayotganlar uchun)
Topshiriq: Is it better to study at a university abroad or in your own country?
Every year many young people in Uzbekistan dream of studying abroad. Studying in another country has clear advantages, but in my view, it is not the best choice for everyone.
Studying abroad gives students new experience. They improve their English, meet people from different cultures and become more independent, because they have to cook, pay bills and solve problems alone. These skills can help them find a good job later.
However, studying abroad can be very expensive, and not every family can pay for it. Living far from home can also be difficult; some students feel lonely and miss their families. Moreover, there are now international branch universities in Tashkent, so students can get a foreign degree without leaving the country.
To sum up, studying abroad is a great opportunity, but students should think carefully about money, their personality and local options before they decide. (145 so‘z)
Tahlil. Bu esse "ha" yoki "yo‘q" demaydi: not the best choice for everyone degan muvozanatli fikr bildiradi. Moreover bilan uchinchi dalil qo‘shiladi. Mahalliy misol (Toshkentdagi xorijiy universitetlar filiallari) esseni umumiy emas, hayotiy qiladi. Imtihonlardagi esse talablariga o‘xshash format uchun Multilevel writing essay sahifasiga qarang.
Beshta essedan olinadigan 5 ta qoida
- Fikringizni kirishning oxirgi gapida aniq ayting: I believe…, In my opinion…
- Har bir asosiy paragrafda bitta g‘oya bo‘lsin va u misol bilan tugasin.
- Kamida bitta qarama-qarshi bog‘lovchi ishlating: however, although, on the other hand.
- Xulosada yangi dalil keltirmang, faqat fikrni boshqa so‘zlar bilan takrorlang.
- Qisqa, to‘g‘ri gap uzun, chalkash gapdan yaxshi. Gapni o‘zbekchadan tarjima qilib emas, andozadagi iboralardan quring.
Bog‘lovchilarning to‘liq ro‘yxati bog‘liq nutq va linking so‘zlar sahifasida.
Mashq
A. Mos bog‘lovchini tanlang: However, Firstly, For example, To sum up, because.
1. ___, sport is good for our health.
2. I like reading ___ it helps me relax.
3. Phones are useful. ___, they can take all our free time.
4. Students can use apps. ___, I practise English with an app every day.
5. ___, I think school uniform is a good idea.
B. Xatoni tuzating.
6. In my opinion, sport very important.
7. Firstly, smartphones helps students.
8. I am agree with this idea.
9. Many people thinks that e-books are better.
10. Books are cheap, however, they are heavy.
Javoblar
1. Firstly. 2. because. 3. However. 4. For example. 5. To sum up.
6. In my opinion, sport is very important. 7. Firstly, smartphones help students. 8. I agree with this idea (agree fe’l, am kerak emas). 9. Many people think that e-books are better. 10. Books are cheap. However, they are heavy. (yoki Books are cheap, but they are heavy.)
Keyingi qadam
Beshta mavzudan birini tanlang, lekin namunadagidan boshqa fikrni himoya qiling. Masalan, smartfonlar haqida "ko‘proq zararli" deb yozing. Shunda andozani ko‘chirmay, o‘zingiz qo‘llaysiz. Yozib bo‘lgach, "Beshta essedan olinadigan 5 ta qoida" ro‘yxati bo‘yicha tekshiring.
Esse yozishdan oldin fikrni og‘zaki aytib ko‘rish juda yordam beradi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi sizga Do you think students should wear a uniform? kabi savol beradi va javobingizga qo‘shimcha savol bilan qarshi chiqadi. Og‘zaki bahsda topgan dalillaringizni keyin essega ko‘chirasiz. Ilova bergan izohlar mashq uchun, rasmiy baho emas.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
