Inglizcha salomlashishning uchta asosiy so‘zi bor: Hello har qanday odamga, Hi tanish va tengdoshlarga, Good morning / Good afternoon / Good evening esa rasmiy vaziyatda va kun vaqtiga qarab aytiladi. Salomdan keyin ko‘pincha How are you? keladi. Unga qisqa javob berib, savolni qaytarish kifoya: Fine, thanks. And you? Good night esa salom emas, xayrlashish.
Hozir bitta juftlikni ovoz chiqarib ayting: Hi, Sardor! How are you? — Good, thanks. And you? Shu ikki gap bilan ertaga istalgan tanishingiz bilan salomlasha olasiz.
Salomlashish iboralari: rasmiy, neytral, norasmiy
Ingliz tilida “siz” va “sen” yo‘q, hurmat so‘z tanlashda seziladi. Bitta odamga uchala darajani ham ishlatish mumkin, faqat vaziyat o‘zgaradi: rahbaringiz bilan yig‘ilishda Good morning, oshxonada choy olayotganda Morning!
Rasmiy: ish, bank, universitet, notanish katta odam
| Ibora | Tarjima | Qachon ishlatiladi |
|---|---|---|
| Good morning. | Xayrli tong. | Taxminan tushgacha, ofisda, qabulxonada. |
| Good afternoon. | Xayrli kun. | Tushdan keyin, kechgacha. |
| Good evening. | Xayrli kech. | Kechqurun, mehmonxona, restoran, tadbir. |
| Good morning, Mr Karimov. | Xayrli tong, Karimov janoblari. | Familiya bilan murojaat. Ayolga Ms Karimova. |
| How do you do? | Salom (juda rasmiy tanishuv iborasi). | Birinchi tanishuvda, asosan Britaniyada va keksa avlodda. Javob ham How do you do? |
| Pleased to meet you. | Tanishganimdan mamnunman. | Birinchi uchrashuvda, qo‘l berayotganda. |
| It’s a pleasure to meet you. | Siz bilan tanishish men uchun sharaf. | Intervyu, konferensiya, muhim mehmon. |
| Welcome to our office. | Ofisimizga xush kelibsiz. | Mehmonni kutib olayotganda. |
Neytral: har kuni, hamma bilan
| Ibora | Tarjima | Qachon ishlatiladi |
|---|---|---|
| Hello. | Salom. | Istalgan odamga: do‘kon, qo‘shni, kursdosh. |
| Hello, how are you? | Salom, qalaysiz? | Tanish odam bilan. |
| How are you doing? | Ishlaringiz qalay? | Tanishlar orasida, biroz yumshoqroq. |
| Nice to meet you. | Tanishganimdan xursandman. | Faqat birinchi marta ko‘rganda. |
| Nice to see you. / Good to see you. | Sizni ko‘rganimdan xursandman. | Oldin tanish bo‘lgan odamni ko‘rganda. |
| How have you been? | Qanday yurdingiz? | Uzoq vaqt ko‘rishmagan bo‘lsangiz. |
Norasmiy: do‘stlar, tengdoshlar, oila
| Ibora | Tarjima | Qachon ishlatiladi |
|---|---|---|
| Hi! / Hey! | Salom! | Do‘st, kursdosh, hamkasb. Hey yanada erkin. |
| Morning! / Evening! | Xayrli tong! (qisqa) | Hamkasblar, qo‘shnilar orasida. |
| How’s it going? | Ishlar qalay? | Do‘stlar, yosh hamkasblar. |
| What’s up? | Nima gap? | Faqat yaqinlar bilan. Javob: Not much. |
| How are things? | Ahvollar qalay? | Anchadan beri tanish odam bilan. |
| Long time no see! | Ko‘rinmay ketding-ku! | Ko‘p vaqt ko‘rishmagan do‘st bilan. |
| You alright? | Yaxshimisan? | Britaniyada “salom” ma’nosida. Kasal ekaningizni so‘rash emas. |
| Hiya! | Salom-e! | Britaniyaning ayrim hududlarida, juda erkin. |
Kun vaqtiga qarab salom
Aniq soat chegarasi yo‘q, bular odat:
- Good morning — uyg‘ongandan taxminan soat 12 gacha.
- Good afternoon — soat 12 dan kechki 5–6 gacha.
- Good evening — kechqurun, qorong‘i tushganda yoki ish kunidan keyin uchrashganda.
- Good night — faqat xayrlashganda yoki uxlashga ketayotganda. Kechki soat 9 da mehmonxonaga kirib Good night! desangiz, qabulxonadagi odam siz ketyapsiz deb o‘ylaydi. Kirganda Good evening deng.
Good day hozirgi Britaniya va Amerikada salom sifatida deyarli ishlatilmaydi, eskicha eshitiladi. Good afternoon esa rasmiy xat va qo‘ng‘iroqlarda juda tabiiy.
How are you? savoliga 15 xil javob
Ingliz tilida How are you? ko‘pincha haqiqiy savol emas, salomning davomi. Do‘kondagi kassir yoki ofis qorovuli sizning sog‘lig‘ingiz haqida batafsil eshitishni kutmaydi. Javobni qisqa qiling va savolni qaytaring: And you? / How about you? / You?
| № | Javob | Ma’nosi | Ohang |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I’m fine, thanks. | Yaxshi, rahmat. | Neytral, darslikdagi klassik javob |
| 2 | Very well, thank you. | Juda yaxshi, rahmat. | Rasmiy |
| 3 | I’m good, thanks. | Yaxshiman, rahmat. | Kundalik, ayniqsa amerikacha |
| 4 | I’m doing well. | Ishlarim yaxshi. | Neytral, ishda qulay |
| 5 | Pretty good. | Ancha yaxshi. | Norasmiy |
| 6 | Great, thanks! | Zo‘r, rahmat! | Kayfiyat yaxshi bo‘lsa |
| 7 | Not bad. | Yomon emas. | Neytral, britanlarda juda ko‘p |
| 8 | Not too bad. | Unchalik yomon emas. | Neytral |
| 9 | Can’t complain. | Shikoyat qilmayman. | Norasmiy, “hammasi joyida” |
| 10 | All good. | Hammasi yaxshi. | Norasmiy |
| 11 | Same as usual. | Har doimgiday. | Hamkasb, qo‘shni |
| 12 | Busy as always. | Har doimgiday bandman. | Ishda |
| 13 | So-so. | Shunaqa, o‘rtacha. | Biroz salbiy |
| 14 | Could be better. | Bundan yaxshiroq bo‘lishi mumkin edi. | Salbiy, suhbatdosh “What’s wrong?” deb so‘rashi mumkin |
| 15 | A bit tired, to be honest. | Rostini aytsam, biroz charchadim. | Samimiy, yaqin odamga |
Savol turiga qarab javob ham o‘zgaradi:
- What’s up? → Not much. / Nothing much, you? (“I’m fine” bu yerda g‘alati eshitiladi.)
- How’s it going? → Good! / Not bad. / Pretty good.
- How have you been? → I’ve been good, thanks. / Busy, but good.
O‘zbek odatlari va ingliz tilida salomlashish farqi
O‘zbekcha salomlashish uzun marosim: Yaxshimisiz, charchamayapsizmi, uydagilar yaxshimi, ishlar joyidami? Ingliz tilida odatda bitta savol yetadi. Notanish yoki kam tanish odamga ketma-ket beshta savol bersangiz, bu so‘roqqa o‘xshab qoladi. Oila haqida so‘rash yaqin tanishlar orasida bo‘ladi: How’s your family?
| O‘zbekcha odat | Ingliz tilida qanday |
|---|---|
| Qo‘lni ko‘krakka qo‘yib salomlashish | Tushunarli, lekin odatiy emas. Biznesda qisqa, mahkam qo‘l berish kutiladi. |
| Ikki qo‘l bilan qo‘l berish | Bir qo‘l yetadi. Ikki qo‘l haddan tashqari yaqinlik bo‘lib ko‘rinishi mumkin. |
| Xonadagi har bir kishi bilan alohida salomlashish | Guruhga bitta Hi, everyone! yoki Morning, all! yetadi. |
| Kattalar kirganda o‘rnidan turish | Rasmiy uchrashuvda turish muloyimlik, lekin kundalik ofis hayotida shart emas. |
| O‘qituvchiga “Ustoz!” deb murojaat | Teacher! emas, ism yoki familiya bilan: Excuse me, Ms Aliyeva. |
| Qo‘l bermaslik (diniy yoki shaxsiy sabab) | Muloyim tushuntiring: Nice to meet you. I don’t shake hands, but it’s a pleasure. Tabassum bilan aytilsa, odatda tushunib qabul qilishadi. |
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar:
| Xato | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| Good night! (kirganda) | Good evening! | Good night xayrlashishda. |
| Nice to meet you (tanish odamga) | Nice to see you. | Meet birinchi tanishuv uchun. |
| What’s up? — I’m fine. | What’s up? — Not much. | What’s up “nima yangilik” degani. |
| How are you? — I’m fine. (va jimlik) | I’m fine, thanks. And you? | Savolni qaytarmaslik sovuq tuyuladi. |
| Hello, teacher! | Hello, Mr Brown! / Hello, Aziza! | Kasb nomi murojaat emas. |
Dialoglar
1. Rasmiy: ofis qabulxonasi. A — qabulxona xodimi, B — uchrashuvga kelgan mehmon.
A: Good morning. How can I help you?
B: Good morning. My name is Jasur Rakhimov. I have a meeting with Ms Collins at ten.
A: Welcome, Mr Rakhimov. Please take a seat. She’ll be with you in a minute.
B: Thank you.
A: Ms Collins, this is Mr Rakhimov.
C: Mr Rakhimov, it’s a pleasure to meet you. How was your trip from Tashkent?
B: Very good, thank you. Pleased to meet you too.
2. Neytral: liftda qo‘shni bilan.
A: Hello! How are you today?
B: Not bad, thanks. And you?
A: Good, thank you. Busy day?
B: Same as usual. Have a nice day!
3. Norasmiy: universitet koridorida.
A: Hey, Madina! How’s it going?
B: Hi! Pretty good. What’s up with you?
A: Not much. Just going to the library before the lecture.
B: Me too. Let’s go together.
4. Uzoq vaqtdan keyin: Chorsuda eski sinfdosh bilan.
A: Bekzod? Long time no see!
B: Dilshod! Wow, good to see you! How have you been?
A: I’ve been good, thanks. Busy, but good. And you?
B: Can’t complain. I work in Samarkand now.
A: Really? That’s great. How are things at home?
B: Everyone’s fine, thank you.
Salomdan keyin suhbat to‘xtab qolmasligi uchun small talk mavzulari va 30 ta conversation starter sahifalarini ko‘ring. Birinchi marta uchrashgan odam bilan ism, shahar va kasb haqida gaplashishni esa tanishuv dialoglari sahifasida mashq qilasiz.
Mashq
A. Vaziyatga mos salomni tanlang.
- 1. Soat 15:00, bank xodimiga: Good morning / Good afternoon / Good night
- 2. Kechki 20:00, mehmonxonaga kirdingiz: Good evening / Good night
- 3. Kecha tanishgan hamkasbingizni bugun ko‘rdingiz: Nice to meet you / Nice to see you
- 4. Yaqin do‘stingiz: What’s up? Siz: I’m fine, thank you / Not much, you?
- 5. Xonada o‘n kishi bor, siz kirdingiz: Hello, everyone! / Hello, hello, hello…
B. Xatoni tuzating.
- 6. Good night, sir! Can I check in, please?
- 7. Hello, teacher! Can I ask a question?
- 8. How are you? — I’m fine. (va jim turish)
C. Ingliz tiliga o‘giring.
- 9. Xayrli tong, Karimova xonim.
- 10. Ko‘rinmay ketding-ku! Qanday yurding?
Javoblar
1 — Good afternoon; 2 — Good evening; 3 — Nice to see you; 4 — Not much, you?; 5 — Hello, everyone!; 6 — Good evening, sir! Can I check in, please?; 7 — Hello, Mr/Ms + familiya (masalan, Hello, Ms Aliyeva!); 8 — I’m fine, thanks. And you?; 9 — Good morning, Ms Karimova.; 10 — Long time no see! How have you been?
BandMate bilan mashq
BandMate ilovasida Bandi har suhbatni salom bilan boshlaydi va siz javob berishingiz kerak bo‘ladi: Hi! How’s it going today? Bir kun rasmiy, bir kun norasmiy javob berib ko‘ring, ilova talaffuzingiz va gap tuzilishi bo‘yicha izoh beradi. Keyingi qadam — suhbatni chiroyli tugatish: inglizcha xayrlashish iboralari sahifasida 25 ta usul bor.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
